• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.106-113
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of recovery from psychological stress when watching plants indoors. As an instrument of measurement of psychological stress, Galvanic Skin Resistance(GSR) has been used because it has been convenient to read a psychological sign without a medical sense and an instrument. In order to make the conditions of stress and recovery, video programs have been made, and especially, the video program of recovery has consisted of three types-- types 1 of watching plants in a botanical garden, type 2 of watching very bush street, and type 3 of closing eyes naturally. The two groups of normal and the mentally handicapped persons have been participated in this experiment to compare the effect of recovery. As the result of this test, the rate of stress relief has been maximumly effected by watching the video program of plants. Between the two groups the recovery of stress has had better effects on the mentally handicapped than the normal one. And also it shows that the circumstances of emotional refinement is led by having plants in indoor. The result of this test has been turned out to be highly useful. It is desirable that a indoor worker, staying for a long time, contact with plants visually to keep healthy mental conditions. This study suggests that the surrounding conditions or the settings of circumstances play an important role for the emotional refinement of the groups of mentally han야capped persons as well as the normal person.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine how the purchasers perceive the effects of the unit characteristics within the complex on the apartment prices. Six major characteristics of the apartments : orientations and floors; views; structures; conditions and maintenances of interior materials; interior alterations; and access to the outdoor facilities were included for the analysis. The data were gathered from 284 households in seven private apartment complexes in Ulsan. It was found that the price of the apartment was higher if it was southward, on the royal or semi-royal floors, with the nice view for the riverside or any other landscape resources, or openness. Other characteristics which increase the price were the hall type not the corridor one, inner side of the building, good conditions of interior materials, and extended balcony.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.146-153
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• 2010

Urban development typically results in many species being confined to small, isolated and degraded habitat fragments. Fragment size and isolation underpin many studies of modified landscape to prevent biodiversity loss. However, habitat characteristics such as vegetation structure and edge effects are less frequently incorporated in planning. The relative influence of biogeographic (e.g. size, isolation) and vegetation parameters on assemblages is poorly understood, but critical for conservation management. In this study, the relative importance of biogeographic and vegetation parameters in explaining the diversity of forest-interior dwelling birds in forest fragments in Chungcheong Province Area. Fragment size and vegetation characteristics were consistently important predictors of bird diversity. Forestinterior bird richness was influenced by fragment size (0.437), wood age (0.332), wood diameter (0.068), and patch shape (-0.079). To preserve bird diversity of Chungcheong Province Area, it is important to consider differing responses of bird diversity to landscape change, move beyond a focus primarily on spatial attributes (size, isolation) to recognize that landscape change also has profound effects on habitat composition and quality. The result is very useful for long-term aspect of biodiversity conservation plan in regional scale.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

This study examined the emission characteristics and psychological effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from wooden boards made of Pinus densiflora and Chamaecyparis obtusa, conifer commonly found in korean forests. Boards made of those species were used to decorate interior of a test room. Different proportions of interior (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% against the entire interior of the room) were decorated. Electroencephalogram and VOCs in the test room were measured 24 hours after interior decorated. As the results, when 40% of interior of the room decorated with both species of boards, the largest amount of alpha wave was detected. For board made of P. densiflora, as the proportion of interior decorated increased both natural VOCs(NVOCs) and anthropogenic VOCs(AVOCs) were increased. on the other hand, When interior decorated with board made of C, obtusa, little differences in VOCs with different area of interior decorated was detected. Board made of P. densiflor emitted a slightly higher amount of AVOCs than boards made of C. obtusa. NVOCs emitted from board made of P. densiflora was three to fifteen times more than NVOCs emitted from board made of C. obtusa.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.497-504
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• 2013

This research uses numerical analysis to examine the tunnel portal landscape affecting the brightness level of interior lighting when designing lights for road tunnels through the L20 method. In order to extract the brightness recognition per form of a tunnel entrance and to evaluate the effects of the characteristics of the materials of facilities near a tunnel portal, brightness analysis was conducted by filming brightness on a video photometer called Hi-land Elf System, and a surface brightness photometer called LMK Mobile Advanced. Tunnels in Korea are mostly distributed in mountain areas; thus, the ratio occupied by the sky, which has the highest brightness within the angle of L20, is close to zero, while most of the ratio was occupied by brightness by the area near the tunnel entrance or road surface. However, for a tunnel portal retaing wall, which allows the width of a tunnel entrance to seem wider within the L20 angle, appeared to be have higher brightness compared to nearby areas or the surface, which is an element increasing the tunnel portal brightness within the tunnel, and the road facilities near the tunnel portal appeared to have an effect on the brightness as well. Thus, when designing tunnel lights based on brightness, the form of the tunnel entrance and the area width, material, and color of areas near the tunnel portal appeared to affect outside brightness and become an element affecting the establishment of the brightness level of the interior lights of tunnels. Consequently, reviewing such matters is a prerequisite when designing tunnel portal landscape.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.144-151
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• 2015

With expansion of modern cities, a huge number of old industrial facilities have been abandoned. Thus, in the development of ecological city, this study aims to conclude on these old facilities and their ecological landscape designs by analyzing successful cases. The approaches adopted are as follows. Starting with literature review, whereby old industrial facility's definition and developing process are pinpointed, the paper studies representative cases with reuse and re-development theories of ecological design for old industrial facilities, of which renovation types, reuse effects, and design features are particularly examined. Case studies also demonstrate considerations in ecological reuse designs, such as ecological restoration, energy conservation, rainwater collection, and utmost pollution reduction, etc. However, technology, environment and circumstance differences determine that each design project requires concrete analysis, which should also be considered in future ecological design for old industrial facilities.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.279-288
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• 2008

Vertical forest distribution is one of the important factors to understand various ecological mechanism such as succession, disturbance and environmental effects. LiDAR data provide information, both the horizontal and vertical distribution of forest structure. The laser scanner survey provided a point cloud, in which the x, y, and z coordinates of the points are known. The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze factors of forest structure such as individual tree isolation, tree height, canopy closure and tree density using LiDAR data and 2) to compare the forest structure between outer and interior forest. The paper conducted to extract the individual tree using watershed algorithm and to interpolate using the first return of LiDAR data for yielding digital surface model (DSM). The results of the study show characters of edge such as more isolated individual trees, higher density, lower canopy closure, and lower tree height than those of interior forest. LiDAR data is to be useful for analyzing of forest structure. Further study should be undertaken with species for more accurate results.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.290-301
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• 2017

Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in $Mg^{2+}$ content and total nitrogen, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, $Na^+$ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.75-85
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• 2016

In recent years, natural healing space studies have been done in health care and forestry. However, previous studies have focused on healing effects of natural elements in interior space or natural landscape view. And there is a limit to using the evidence for healing space design. The aim of this study is to discover the relationship between types and effects of healing space for evidence-based design. This study compares and analyzes the mayor images, psychological restorativeness, and satisfaction to identify the effects and differences of natural trail, designed trail, natural shelter, and designed shelter by types of forest space. Collected data is analyzed with a factorial analysis, valiance analysis and multiple regression analysis in SPSS 18.0. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Among five factors consisting psychological restorativeness, natural trail can be achieved with 'being away' and 'compatibility' and designed shelter can be achieved with 'fascination' and 'coherence'., 2) Psychological restorativeness values higher in images with higher excitement, brightness, vitality, and beautifulness as well as in images with lower level of disorder., 3) Among five factors consisting psychological restorativeness, higher forest satisfaction can be achieved with a higher level of 'being away' and 'coherence'. In conclusion, this study contributes to providing fundamental information for design guidelines of healing spaces through identifying the characteristics of healing environment by types of forest space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the theoretical background of spatial fantage effects in Piranesi etching "Le Carceri" called 'Architectural Capriccio'. In a life time Piranesi created a prodigious oeuvre of dramatic and fantastic images about magnificent buildings and mysterious ruins and prison. The increasing "tourism" after the middle of the 18th century contributed a lot to Piranesi's success. He was famous for his poetic views of Rome and also his fantastic imaginary interiors. The terms "Capriccio" and "Veduta" are strongly connected with Piranesi's work. The term Veduta describes a form of landscape depiction in print with close to reality imitation of the scenery, whereas the "Capriccio" contains the elements of invention in artificial architectural landscape. Trained in Venice as an engineer and architect, his studies had included perspective and stage design. These skills, allied to his deep knowledge of archaeology, provided the substance for his Veduta, etchings of ancient Rome. But his most remarkable etchings are those of imaginary interiors, the Carceri d'Invenzione(Imaginary Prisons), a series of capric plates issued in 1750. It appears to Piranesi etching 'Le Carceri' that 18th century experimental scenography's effect very strongly. Also, it can understand about "Scena per Angolo" which was revealed by Ferdinando Galli Bibiena that Piranesi spatial view and viewpoint deconstruction operate motive and cause. Piranesi's spatial fortification was influence by Filippo Juvarra's spatial concept. As a result of this research will be foundation of understanding deeply that Piranesi etching has been affect to present architecture and art.