• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder follow-up and determine the factors that affect the TMJ bone scan hot spot numerical value (bone scan value), and to compare this value to the diagnosis of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), their treatment options, and the resolution of their symptoms. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 24 patients (four males, 20 females) who received TMD treatment in the Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (Seongnam, Korea) from 2007 to 2014. An analysis of the significance test and correlation between TMD diagnosis, treatment options, a baseline the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) questionnaire, treatment before and after the clinical examination and subjective progress, and TMJ bone scan value change were completed by using SPSS version 12.0. Result: Although only 14 patients had bony factors that caused TMD, the average pre-treatment bone scan value of the all patients was $4.29{\pm}0.31$, which is higher than the finding for osteoarthritis (3.88), and reduced post-treatment bone scan value was found to be without a statistically significant difference (P=0.056). After the treatments, clinical symptoms in 18 patients disappeared, and six patients did not require additional treatment, although they still displayed subjective symptoms. It was observed that the higher the pre-treatment bone scan value, nonspecific physical symptoms, chronic pain index, characteristic pain intensity, disability score, were, the lower the post-treatment bone scan value was. And this reduced post-treatment bone scan value tendency was not shown with the pre-treatment depression index, but there was not a statistical difference. Conclusion: The post-treatment TMJ bone scan value tended to be insignificantly reduced in the 24 patients whose clinical symptoms were improved (P=0.056). Moreover, the TMJ bone scan value showed no relation to the TMD type or its related symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.307-332
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• 2009

This study is about the development and effectiveness of the 'Empowerment Program' for the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents. The program was developed on the basis of the analysis of focus group interviews for the rehabilitation counselors who work with the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents. Also, it was based on Miley et al's empowerment model and the group social work practice. The goal of the program was to strengthen the level of empowerment and decrease emotional frustration for the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents. The program consisted of two different types: one for the hospitalized person and the other for the discharged person. The program practiced once a week for 6 weeks and 8 weeks by the choice of the rehabilitation counselors. In order to verify the effectiveness of the program, the participants included 11 persons for the experimental group and 10 persons for the control group. The empowerment scores of the two groups were estimated at the point of pre-test and post-test and were analysed through the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. As the results of the analyses showed, there were significant differences in the increases in the areas of total empowerment and self-image as a sub-scale between the two groups. In conclusion, the effectiveness of the program was confirmed. Also, it has been verified that the program can be an important social work practice tool for strengthening the empowerment level of the persons with disabilities caused by industrial accidents.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to develop a cognitive-behavioral group therapy program for social anxiety in Korean adolescents and to examine its efficacy through pre-, post- and 2-year follow-up tests. The program included cognitive restructuring, exposure training and social skills training. KSAS-A and SASC-R were administered to 588 1st grade middle-school female students to assess their social anxiety levels. On the basis of double criteria procedure(top 10% scores on both scales), 59 students were selected initially. Individuals currently receiving clinical treatment were excluded. Finally, 40 students were selected and randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a wait-list control group. The program consisted of 12 weekly sessions, approximately 1.5-2 hours in duration. Whereas pre- and post-tests were administered to both groups, follow-up tests were administered to the treatment group only. The collected data were statistically analyzed through independent t-test and paired t-test. The results of the study were as follows: 1) At post-test students in the treatment group showed a very significant reduction in social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation by others in comparison with those in the wait-list group. 2) At post-test students in the treatment group showed a significant reduction in negative automatic thoughts in comparison with those in the wait-list group. 3) At post-test students in the treatment group showed a significant improvement in overall social skills in comparison with those in the wait-list group. 4) At post-test students in the wait-list group showed a significant increase in both social anxiety and negative automatic thoughts in comparison with those in the treatment group. 5) At 3-month, 1-year and 2-year follow-ups, the program's effectiveness was maintained.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1913-1918
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• 2014

Background: The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Saudi Arabia (KSA), aiming to analyze the effectiveness of an intervention program in improving the knowledge of oral cancer among the youth. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,051 young Saudis (57% males and 43% females with a mean age of $20.4{\pm}1.98$) were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. Knowledge assessment was accomplished using a closed-ended questionnaire which was subjected to reliability tests. Prevalence of risk factors in relation to gender was analyzed using the chi-squared test. Effectiveness was calculated by comparing the pre- and post-intervention means, using the two-tailed paired t-test. Multiple logistic regression was employed in order to determine factors associated with awareness of risk habits, signs/symptoms and prevention of oral cancer. The significance level in this study was set at 0.05. Results: Females were seen to be more into the habit of sheesha smoking (3.3% rather than the use of other forms of risk factors. Prevalence of diverse risk factors such as cigarette smoking (20%), sheesha (15.3%), khat (27%) and shamma (9%) was seen among males. Gender and the use of modifiable risk factors among the study sample were significantly (p<0.001) associated with effectiveness of the intervention. The intervention program was highly effective (p<0.001) in improving the knowledge of oral cancer among the youth in Jazan, KSA. Multivariate analysis revealed that age and gender are the most significant factors affecting knowledge. Conclusions: The study gives a direction for further public health initiatives in this oral cancer prone region.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.79-104
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• 2018

This study was to present a model of cooperative reading practice and verify reading effectiveness on youth. For this purpose, 68 reading clubs were established in 61 districts and 8 high schools. The research groups were classified as the poor reading group, the good reading group, and the mixed-skill reading group. The cooperative reading groups were carried out for four months. We developed a questionnaire on Reading effectiveness conducted it pre- and post-test, and analyzed the results through the SPSS statistical program. We found that there was a positive change in the reading effectiveness of youth and overall-the highest effectiveness was found in the poor reading group. In addition, there was a positive change in the reading behavior of youth. The change of reading effectiveness was found to affect reading behavior.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.197-206
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of positive psychology-based literacy therapy program on elementary school students' happiness by constructing a literature therapy program based on positive psychology. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the program, the experiment group and the control group were subjected to the pre - test. The same test as that carried out in the test was conducted. The pre - and post - scores of experimental group and control group were compared and analyzed by independent sample t-test. The results of this study were as follows. First, literature therapy programs based on positive psychology were found to be effective in improving elementary school students' happiness (t = 10.175, p <.001). Second, the effects of positive psychology - based literacy therapy programs on self - esteem, optimism, friendship, and family environment were found to affect all four factors (t = 5.720, p <.001). Therefore, the children tend to equate themselves with the person in the book, so that the short and concise sentence of the poem can convey emotion and emotion to the child.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.434-443
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The intake of sugar has increased worldwide, and it is well established that childhood experiences and food preferences affect lifelong eating habits. To discourage sugar intake, nutrition education was imparted, and the effectiveness of the nutrition education program was investigated by considering the nutrient density and major dietary sources of sugar intake. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twenty four-hour dietary recall and sugar intake frequency of 96 pre-school children (educated n = 47; non-educated n = 49) were collected on 3 consecutive days (1 weekend day, 2 weekdays) after 11 weeks of imparting nutrition education. Dietary intake of nutrients and total sugar were analyzed, and the intake frequency of sugar source foods were identified. All nutrition education programs were focused on a hands-on education program, and consisted of cooking lab, play, activity, animation, and visual materials. The difference between the two groups was verified by the Chi-square test or t-test. All statistical analysis was performed with significance level at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Compared to the non-educated group, the intakes of protein (P < 0.001), fiber (P < 0.01), potassium (P < 0.05), iron (P < 0.05), zinc (P < 0.05), and iodine (P < 0.001) were significantly higher, and the intakes of carbohydrate (P < 0.01) and total sugar (P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the educated group. The cumulative percent of sugar intake of top 20 sugar source foods in the educated group (82.80%) was lower than that of the non-educated group (85.75%). The contribution of beverages on total sugar intake was lower in the educated group. The average frequency of consuming sugary foods was significantly lower in the educated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that nutrition education on discouraging sugar intake is effective in reducing the amount of total sugar consumed, resulting higher nutrient density in the diets of pre-school children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

This study on filial play therapy training as parent education included 12 experimental group mothers, 11 control group mothers, and their 5-year-old children. Over 5 weeks, experimental group mothers received 2 hours filial therapy training 10 times, twice a week, and 30 minutes home special play 4 times, once a week. Each mother was videotaped playing with her child and completed three self-report instruments : Parental Acceptance Scale(Porter, 1954), Parenting Stress Index(Abidin, 1990), and Child Behavior Checklist(Oh et al., 1997) before and after the training. Pre- and post-test data was analyzed by paired-t test. Filial play therapy training enhanced empathy in adult-child interaction during free play. Significant increases appeared in parental acceptance level of child's feeling and autonomy.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 1996

A pilot parent education program composed of 8 two-hour sessions was developed on the philosophy of a democratic parent-child relationship. The program focused not only on a concept of personal respect toward children but on change in parenting behaviors through a process of problem-solving. Problem-solving was implemented by encouraging active participation of parents in developing an understanding of the causes of problem behavior and searching for their own solutions. 19 mothers aged 29 to 37 were pre- and post-tested. Two months later, 15 of them responded to a questionnaire (follow-up test). Their concepts of children and parenting behaviors changed dramatically shortly after participation in the program. However, results of the follow-up test showed the such gains are not always long lasting. This implies that further investigation is needed for helping mothers retain the effectiveness of the program.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of Thera-Band stretching exercise on flexibility of shoulder joint. Methods: The research deign was a experimental pre-post control group design. Sixteen subject were randomly divided into two groups; experimental group(n=8) and control group(n=8). Experimental group performed Thera-Band PNF stretching for 4 weeks and control group was not performed. To compare with the effectiveness of Thera-Band PNF stretching between two groups, I measured flexibility of shoulder joint with an Apley scratch test. The data were analyzed by Independence T-test. Results: The experimental group was significantly increased the flexibility at the right and left shoulder internal rotation. But the experimental group was not significantly increased the flexibility at the right and left shoulder external rotation. Conclusion: These result suggest that home-based exercise programs with Thera-Band can serve as a practical and effective means of flexibility gains in general people.