• 전산구조공학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 1991

본 논문은 교량구조의 체계신뢰도를 추정하기 위한 효율적인 중요도 표본추출기법의 개발을 목적으로 한다. 기존의 체계신뢰성 해석을 위한 방법은 1차 모멘트법, 2차 모멘트법, AFOSM 근사해법, 그리고 시뮬레이션 방법등이 있다. 중요도 표본추출기법은 아주 적은 경비와 노력으로 정확한 해를 구하는 시뮬레이션 방법이다. 적용 예를 통하여 중요도 표본추출기법은 교량구조의 체계신뢰성해석에 아주 효과적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

Stratified cluster sampling has been widely used for effective parameter estimations due to reductions in time and cost. The probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling method is used when the number of cluster element are significantly different. However, simple random sampling (SRS) is commonly used for simplicity if the number of cluster elements are almost the same. Also it is known that the ratio estimator produces a good performance when the total number of population elements is known. However, the two stage cluster estimator should be used if the total number of elements in population is neither known nor accurate. In this study we suggest a composite estimator by combining the ratio estimator and the two stage cluster estimator to obtain a better estimate under a certain population circumstance. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the superiority of the suggested estimator with two other estimators.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.70-79
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• 1999

Importance Sampling (IS) has been applied to accelerate the occurrence of rare events. However, it has a drawback of effective biasing scheme to make the estimator from IS unbiased. Adaptive Importance Sampling (AIS) employs an estimated sampling distribution of IS to the systems of interest during the course of simulation. We propose Nonparametric Adaptive Importance Sampling (NAIS) technique which is nonparametrically modified version of AIS and test it to estimate a probability of rare event in M/M/1 queueing model. Comparing with classical Monte Carlo simulation, the computational efficiency and variance reductions gained via NAIS are substantial. A possible extension of NAIS regarding with random number generation is also discussed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1116-1123
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• 2006

In this study, the effective method for reliability estimation is proposed using tow-staged kriging metamodel and genetic algorithm. Kriging metamodel can be determined by appropriate sampling range and the number of sampling points. The first kriging metamodel is made based on the proposed sampling points. The advanced f'=rst order reliability method is applied to the first kriging metamodel to determine the reliability and most probable failure point(MPFP) approximately. Then, the second kriging metamodel is constructed using additional sampling points near the MPFP. These points are selected using genetic algorithm that have the maximum mean squared error. The Monte-Carlo simulation is applied to the second kriging metamodel to estimate the reliability. The proposed method is applied to numerical examples and the results are almost equal to the reference reliability.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2021

원자력시설 SPRA 방법으로서 기기 사이 부분 종속 관계를 정확하게 고려하기 위하여 샘플링기반접근법이 개발된 바 있다. 그러나 이는 샘플링 기반 방법이므로 정확한 지진 리스크 산정을 위하여 많은 수의 샘플을 추출해야 하는 단점이 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 기존 방법을 개선하기 위한 효과적인 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법의 주요한 특징은 다음과 같다. 기존 샘플링방법인 몬테카를로샘플링(MCS) 방법을 대신하여 다차원에서 효과적인 샘플링이 가능한 라틴하이퍼큐브샘플링(LHS) 방법을 샘플링기반 SPRA에 도입한다. 또한, 기존 지진세기 세분화 정도를 최종 지진 리스크 결과와 연계하여 결정한다. 제안된 방법이 결합된 샘플링기반 SPRA 접근법을 실제 원전 예제에 적용한 결과, 제안된 방법이 기존의 방법과 비교하여 결과 정확도에 있어서 거의 비슷하나 총 샘플 추출수 기준에서 효율성을 약 2배 가량 높이 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 샘플링 개수가 적은 영역에서 LHS 기반 방법이 MCS 기반 방법보다는 해의 정확도를 높이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.41.1-41.12
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• 2020

Background: The poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is a serious problem in the laying hen industry worldwide. Currently, the foremost control method for D. gallinae is the implementation of integrated pest management, the effective application of which necessitates a precise monitoring method. Objectives: The aim of the study was to propose an accurate monitoring method with a reliable protocol for caged-layer poultry farms, and to suggest an objective classification for assessing D. gallinae infestation on caged-layer poultry farms according to the number of mites collected using the developed monitoring method. Methods: We compared the numbers of mites collected from corrugated cardboard traps, regarding with length of sampling periods, sampling sites on cage, and sampling positions in farm buildings. The study also compared the mean numbers of mites collected by the developed method with the infestation levels using by the conventional monitoring methods in 37 caged-layer farm buildings. Results: The statistical validation provided the suitable monitoring method that the traps were installed for 2 days on feed boxes at 27 sampling points which included three vertical levels across nine equally divided zones of farms. Using this monitoring method, the D. gallinae infestation level can be assessed objectively on caged-layer poultry farms. Moreover, the method is more sensitive than the conventional method in detecting very small populations of mites. Conclusions: This method can be used to identify the initial stages of D. gallinae infestation in the caged-layer poultry farms, and therefore, will contribute to establishment of effective control strategies for this mite.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.313-324
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• 2013

It is widely known that untreated Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) that directly discharged from receiving water have a negative impact. Recent concerns on the CSO problem have produced several large scale constructions of treatment facilities, but the facilities are normally designed under empirical design criteria. In this study, several criteria for defining CSOs (e.g. determination of effective rainfall, sampling time, minimum duration of data used for rainfall-runoff simulation and so on) were investigated. Then this study suggested a standard methodology for the CSO calculation and support formalized standard on the design criteria for CSO facilities. Criteria decided for an effective rainfall was over 0.5 mm of total rainfall depth and at least 4 hours should be exist between two different events. An Antecedent dry weather period prior to storm event to satisfy the effective rainfall criteria was over 3 days. Sampling time for the rainfall-runoff model simulation was suggested as 1 hour. A duration of long-term simulation CSO overflow and frequency calculation should be at least recent 10 year data. A Management plan for the CSOs should be established under a phase-in of the plan. That should reflect site-specific conditions of different catchments, and formalized criteria for defining CSOs should be used to examine the management plans.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.223-236
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• 2016

On-road source emissions are major air pollutants and have been associated with serious health effects in Seoul metropolis. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to have an accurate assessment of vehicle emissions in order to implement an effective air quality management policy. As a result, there is a need to overview vehicle emission characteristics of air pollutants. This article discusses vehicle exhaust sampling and chemical analysis, emission characteristics of air pollutants, and emission regulations from passenger cars. The vehicle exhaust sampling and chemical analysis methods were described in particulate matter and gaseous compounds. In this article, chassis dynamometer, measurement instrumentation for nano-particulate matter and carbon compounds analysis device were described. For the gasoline and diesel vehicles, the effective parameters of emissions were average vehicle speed, vehicle mileage and model year. The particle number emissions for diesel nano-particles were sensitive to the sampling conditions. Also, the particle number emissions with a diesel particle filter (DPF) largely reduced rather than those without it. This article also describes different emission characteristics of air pollutants according to biodiesel or bioethanol mixing ratio. The Korean emission standards for passenger cars were compared with those of the US and EU. Finally, the objective is to give an overview of relevant background information on emission characteristics of air pollutants from passenger cars in Korea.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2008

Benthic macro invertebrate communities were collected at six different sampling sites in the Musucheon stream in Korea from July 2006 to July 2007, and ecological exergy values were calculated based on five different functional feeding groups (collector-gatherer, collector-filterer, predator, scrapper, and shredder) of benthic macro invertebrates. Each sampling site was categorized to three stream types (perennial, intermittent and drought) based on the water flow condition. Exergy values were low at all study sites right after a heavy rain and relatively higher in the perennial stream type than in the intermittent or the drought stream type. Self-Organizing Map (SOM), unsupervised artificial neural network, was implemented to pattern spatial and temporal dynamics of ecological exergy of the study sites. SOM classified samples into four clusters. The classification reflected the effects of floods and droughts on benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and was mainly related with the stream types of the sampling sites. Exergy values of each functional feeding group also responded differently according to the different stream types. Finally, the results showed that exergy is an effective ecological indicator, and patterning changes of exergy using SOM is an effective way to evaluate target ecosystems.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1984

본 논문은 탄성표면파를 이용한 소형 TV중간주파 필터의 설계 및 제작과정을 보고한다. 초기의 원하는 임펄스응답을 얻기 위해 윈도우잉 (windowing) 방법 및 주파수 샘플링 방법이 제안되어 시간축샘플링 방법과 비교 연구되었으며, 트랩부근에서 원하는 특성을 얻기 위해 회절영향이 보상되었다. 다중 반사를 줄이고 비대칭 특성을 얻기 위해 4f0샘플링 기법을 사용하였으며, 효과적인 사진부식 방법을 사용하여 11.2㎛의 폭을 갖는 양호한 핑거가 얻어겼다. 본 연구는 SAW 필터의 국산화라는 차원에서. 요구하는 사양을 만족시킬 수 있고, 양산성이 있는 크기를 가진 제품을 개발하였음을 보고한다.