• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.615-627
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the physical and psycho-social effects of self-foot reflexology on female college students wearing high heels. The research design used was the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of sixty-eight participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=35) or control group (n=33). Data were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks and 10 weeks. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA with the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. In the analysis of the physical effects of self-foot reflexology, there were significant interactions of group by time in terms of the lower extremity edema and fatigue (p<.05). In the analysis of the psycho-social effects of self-foot reflexology, there were significant interactions of group by time in terms of the perceived health status and self-efficacy (p<.05), except for health promoting behavior. Self-foot reflexology was effective in reducing lower extremity edema and fatigue and in improving the perceived health status and self-efficacy. Consequently, self-foot reflexology as a nursing intervention was found to be a method of providing female college students wearing high heels with physical and psycho-social relief.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.271-284
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of CBT for perinatal depression through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. The following databases were used to search the literature: CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Koreamed, Library of Korean Congress, KISS, and Korean Academic Publication Database. Keywords included 'perinatal depression,' 'pregnant women,' and 'cognitive behavioral therapy,' and the evaluated articles were published up to May 2016. Using the R program, the effect size of perinatal depression and anxiety were calculated by random-effects model. The heterogeneity of the effect size was analyzed by data moderator analysis using the meta-ANOVA. Furthermore, the funnel plot, Egger's regression test, fail-safe N, trim-and-fill test, and publication bias analysis were conducted and used to verify the results. Out of the 180 selected articles, 16 clinical trial studies were meta-analyzed. Each articles were evaluated for the risk of bias by the checklist of SIGN; the overall risk of bias was low. The effect size of CBT for perinatal depression was Hedges' g=-0.55 (95% CI: -0.76~-0.33), which was a moderate level, while for anxiety reduction, Hedges' g=-0.20 (95% CI: -0.48~-0.08) and it was not statistically significant. Heterogeneity or risk of publication bias were low. This meta-analytic study found that CBT is moderately effective in reducing perinatal depression in pregnant women.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.449-453
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• 2017

A 3-year-old castrated male Maltese dog, weighing 4.8 kg was referred with hindlimb ataxia and right forelimb proprioceptive deficits were shown for 20 months. Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia diagnosed through MRI at a local animal hospital and Knuckling of right forelimb and reluctance to walk were managed with steroid. The medical management was getting ineffective to manage for the symptoms one month before referred. Physical and neurological examinations, radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed and diagnoses of caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS) and subsequent syringomyelia (SM) were made. Given that pharmacological treatment was previously ineffective, surgical intervention was recommended. Foramen magnum decompression with duraplasty using $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ was performed. Three days post-surgery, the dog showed improved gait and activity. After 2 months, the dog received no additional prescription medications. At the 12-month follow-up after surgery, the dog showed no clinical problems or recurrences, despite complete cessation of pharmacological treatment. In present report, we applied $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ as a dural graft has been carried out in a dog with COMS. Surgical decompression with $Lyoplant^{(R)}$ was an effective long-term (12-month) treatment for COMS without the need for any pharmacological treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.65-80
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• 2008

Objectives: To identify the relationship between the internet addition of elementary school students, and their health behavior and VDT syndrome, and thereby to detect the impact of internet addiction on the health behavior of elementary school students, to get the basic information necessary to develop a prevention program for internet addiction and to plan for VDT syndrome prevention program. Methods: We conducted this study during the period from jun 27, 2007 through July 8, 2007. The subjects of this study were 416 children whose grades were in 4th through 6th grades of elementary schools located in the city A in Kyung Pook Providence. Data were obtained from self-rating questionnaires. The questionnaires were composed of Korean Internet Addiction Self-examination on Internet Use Patterns (K-scale), Health Behavior Profile, VDT Syndrome, and general characteristics. We used t-test, AVOVA with Ducan method for Post-hoc comparison in means comparison between groups, $X^2$-test for frequency analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. We used SPSS/PC(12.0 ver) program and the LISREL 8.53 Win program for covariance structural analysis. Results: Major results were as follows. 1. The internet addiction propensity distribution based on the distribution of scores were investigated according to the self diagnosis scale on internet addiction. 6.5% of them were high risk user group, 14.4% were potential risk users and 79.1% of them were common user groups. 2. Internet addictions by sex, internet use duration, frequency (days/week), time(hours/day), purpose, position, brightness of internet, attitude of parents and frequency of conversation of family members were statistically significant(p<0.01). 3. There was a statistically significant difference in VDT syndrome according to internet addiction groups(p<0.001) besides ocular symptoms, dry mouth and GI troubles. 4. The health behavior score was the lowest in high risk user group(p<0.001). There were significant differences between internet addiction groups in personal hygiene and habits of daily living(p<.002), the prevention of accidents(p<.002), the practice concerned with the prevention of infectious disease(p=.002), and mental health(p<.001). 5. There was also a significant negative correlation between internal addiction and health profile(r=-0.365, p<0.01) and a significant positive correlation between internal addiction and VDT syndrome(r=0.331, p<0.01). 6. As the result of structural model analysis, internet use time(/day), days of internet use(/1week), conversation frequency among family members, degree of brightness of internet use had significant direct effects on internet addiction. Conclusions: The results will help the development of an effective intervention program for the prevention and treatment of internal addiction by clarifying the effect of the internal addiction upon elementary school students' VDT syndrome and health behavior.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2011

Objective : Pyogenic spondylitis often results in acute neurological deterioration requiring adequate surgical intervention and appropriate antibiotic treatment. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the clinical effect of continuous irrigation via laminotomy in a series of patients with pyogenic spondylitis in thoracic and lumbar spine. Methods : The authors conducted a retrospective investigation of 31 consecutive patients with pyogenic thoracic and lumbar spondylitis who underwent continuous irrigation through laminotomy from 2004 to 2008. The study included 22 men and 9 women, ranging in age from 38 to 78 years (mean 58.1 years). The average follow-up duration was 13.4 months (range, 8-34 months). We performed debridement and abscess removal after simple laminotomy, and then washed out epidural and disc space using a continuous irrigation system. Broad spectrum antibiotics were administered empirically and changed according to the subsequent culture result. Clinical outcomes were based on the low back outcome scale (LBOS), visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and Frankel grade at the last follow-up. Radiological assessment involved plain radiographs, including functional views. Results : Common predisposing factors included local injection for pain therapy, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and liver cirrhosis. Causative microorganisms were identified in 22 cases (70.9%) : Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. were the main organisms. After surgery, LBOS, VAS score, and Frankel grade showed significant improvement in most patients. Spinal stability was maintained during the follow-up period, making secondary reconstructive surgery unnecessary for all patients, except one. Conclusion : Simple laminotomy with continuous irrigation by insertion of a catheter into intervertebral disc space or epidural space was minimally invasive and effective in the treatment of pyogenic spondylitis. This procedure could be a beneficial treatment option in patients with thoracolumbar spondylitis combined with minimal or moderate destructive change of vertebrae.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.148-164
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• 1996

The effect of circumvaginal muscle(CVM) exercises to improve sexual function in married women has not been investigated by currently acceptable research methods, nor have appropriate instruments and techniques to carry out such investigation been available. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of CVM exercise on sexual function, and of measuring CVM function after CVM exercises. The research tools used were a modified Derogates Sexual Function Inventory questionnaire and a pressure sensitive intravaginal balloon device. This research was conducted in Kwangju-city and Chonnam province, Korea from July, 1994 to July, 1995. The research used a non-equivalent control pre-post test quasi-experimental design. Forty-five healthy married female volunteers, aged 30-58, and were randomly assigned by age using the matching fixed-length blocks to two groups. The experimental group consisted of 21 women who were assigned a 25-minute per day CVM home exercise program for six weeks. The control group of 24 women did not do the CVM home exercises. The CVM home exercise was developed by Dougherty(1989a) and adopted to Korea by Lee (1993). Data were analyzed by $x^{2-}$test, Paired t-test, Spearman product-moment correlation using SAS /P $C^+. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the subjects between the experimental and control groups before the CVM home exercises. 2. Hypothesis 1 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher mean scores on the sexual function(SF) than in those who did not participate in home exercise was supported. 3. Hypothesis 2 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher vaginal pressure on SF than in those who did not participate in home exercises was supported (mean maximum pressure, t＝－7.338, P＜.0001, peak maximum pressure, t＝－11.164, P＜.0001). 4. Hypothesis 3 that the more often(number of days) and the more frequent (numbers of time per day) that married women do CVM home exercise, the higher their mean scores on SF and vaginal pressures was supported（r＝0.233, P＜.01 ; r＝0.352, P＜.05）. A six week CVM home exercise program using a tape recording showed that SF can be improved. Results of this study showed that married women who exercise on a regular basis for six weeks improve their sexual function and increase the mean vaginal pressure and peak maximum pressure (tested by electronic monitor). In conclusion, CVM exercise is effective in increasing SF.SF.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.33-53
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• 2017

Objectives This study was designed to review animal studies about the efficacy of herbal medicine for Rheumatoid arthritis animal model which was published in Korea after 2008. We also systematically investigated the reporting quality of the animal studies. Methods We systematically searched original articles in 8 databases since 2008. And manual searching was conducted through 10 Korean medicine journals from 2008. Studies were included if they used animal experimental model(s) with orally administered herbal medicine. Data were extracted regarding animal model, rheumatoid arthritis indicator and detail of intervention. Reporting quality of each study was also assessed by the STARA and ARRIVE guidelines. Results Nine hundred two articles were screened. Finally, 35 articles were included. 35 studies all showed that the herbal medicine used in the studies has significant effect on alleviating the macroscopic indicators, hematological indicators, histological indicators, genetic indicators, osteological indicator of Rheumatoid Arthritis and others. Species of animals was reported in 100% while ventilation and noise were reported in 0% in STRASA guidelines. Ethical statement was reported in 42.9%, experimental animals and sample size were reported in 24%, 29% and there was no study reporting funding. Conclusions These results suggest that herbal medicine might be effective treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis. It should be improved by clinical studies. And there is a need for studying about efficacy and safety of each specific herbal medicine. And we should improve the Reporting quality of the animal studies published in Korea.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-40
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the sleep/activity patterns of neonates and to provide a baseline data in developing an effective maternal-child nursing intervention strategies. The subjects of this study were 57 normal newborn babies from birth to 4 weeks of age, who visited the Postpartum Care Center and two General Hospitals and One Local clinic in Taejon. The data were collected from October 28th, 1999 to April 28th, 2000. The instrument used in this study was NCASA developed by Barnard and validated by the Academic Society of Parent-Child Health. The data were analyzed with the SPSS PC+ 7.5 for window program using means, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean amount of daytime sleep was 7.45 hours, nighttime sleep was 4.27 hours, and the total daily sleep was 11.72 hours. The mean amount of longest sleep period was 4.32 hours. The mean regularity of daytime sleep was 35.55%, the nighttime sleep was 44.82%, and the total daily sleep was 39.02%. The mean frequency of nighttime awakenings was 2.44 times. 2. The mean amount of daytime awake periods was 8.54 hours, the nighttime awake periods was 3.72 hours, and the daily total awake periods was 12.27 hours. The mean amount of the longest awake period was 3.98 hours. 3. The mean frequency of daytime feeding was 5.18 times, the nighttime feeding was 2.50 times, and the total daily feeding was 7.49. The mean of regularity of total daily feeding was 61.34%. 4. According to an analysis of sleep patterns based on newborn's age, there were some statistically significant differences noted in the following factors ; amount of nighttime sleep (F=7.65, p=.002), longest sleep period(F=5.84, P=.006). 5. According to an analysis of activity patterns based on newborn's age, there were some statistically significant differences noted in the following factors ; amount of nighttime activity (F=7.64, P=.002), longest activity period (F=4.34, P=.020), frequency of nighttime feeding(F=3.89, p=.029), frequency of total daily feeding(F=3.76, P=.033), and regularity of daily feeding(F=4.66, P=.016). In conclusion, the newborn baby slept more during the daytime than nighttime and more active during the daytime. And there were some irregular sleep/activity pattern noted during 1 to 2 weeks of newborn baby. The results of this study will contribute to maternal-child health nursing practice and nursing research, and provide an information to parents about what to expect their newborn baby.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.100-109
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• 2000

Objective：This was conduced to evaluate the effect of early intervention to promote the development of children with developmental disorders. Methods：49 children(31 in PDD group and 18 in DLD group) participated in a one year day treatment program conduced from 1996 to 1999. They were performed PEP, CARS, and SMS. They were grouped by diagnosis, comorbidity, chronological age and CARS score at the beginning of the program and the treatment effect was compared. Results：The children who participated in the day treatment program showed significant increase in their PEP, SMS score, and decrease trend in their CARS score. When children were grouped by diagnosis, comorbidity, chronological age, and severity in CARS score we did not find out significant difference between groups. Conclusion：Our data suggest that the day treatment program which emphasis on development is effective in treating children with developmental disorders.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.357-364
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• 2014

The aim of the study was to identify the effects of a social-support-based walking program for residents in rural areas. Data were collected from 120 residents who are residential in Chungcheongnam-do and participated in walking program at community health centers from March and September 2013. Collected data included body mass index, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass and physical Activity. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test with SPSS19.0. This study showed that a 7-month walking program had positive effects on the physical health index, representing reductions in the body mass index(t=-12.418, p<.001), body fat mass indes(t=13.031, p<.001) and an improvement in the skeletal muscle mass(t=-12.642, p<.001). Health behavior index; dietary practice guideline score(t= -4.324, p<.001), physical activity day(t=-8.715, p<.001), high risk drinking day(t=6.298, p<.001) were improved through walking program. These results indicated that the walking program for the community was effective in improving the health status of the participants. Therefore, I suggest that the development and running of various social-support-based walking program be required by applying the results.