• Title/Summary/Keyword: Effective Photon Energy

검색결과 78건 처리시간 0.017초

유방촬영의 kV X-선 빔에서 유효광자에너지에 대한 계산식 (Calculation Formula for Effective Photon Energy in kV X-ray Beam of Mammography)

  • 박영온;이상훈;김종언
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.507-514
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    • 2023
  • 이 연구의 목적은 유방촬영의 X-선 빔에서 유효광자에너지를 쉽게 계산할 수 있는 계산식을 구하는데 있다. X2 MAM Sensor를 사용하여 각각의 설정관전압에 대하여 측정관전압을 얻었다. 알루미늄 여과체의 알루미늄에 대한 질량감쇠계수는 각각의 측정관전압 X-선 빔에서 반가층 측정으로부터 구하였다. 각각의 측정관전압 X-선 빔으로부터 구하여진 알루미늄의 질량감쇠계수는 NIST로부터 얻어진 광자에너지별 알루미늄의 질량감쇠계수에 대응시켰다. 일치하는 질량감쇠계수에 대응하는 광자에너지가 유효광자에너지로 결정되었다. 결정된 유효광자에너지의 계산식은 Origin pro 2019b 통계프로그램에서 각각의 측정관전압에 대한 유효광자에너지를 다항식으로 정합하여 y=28.98968-1.91738x+0.07786x2-0.000946717x3으로 얻었다. 여기서 x는 측정관전압이고, y는 유효광자에너지이다. 이 연구에서 얻어진 유방촬영 X-선 빔의 유효광자에너지의 계산식은 임상에서 X-선 빔과 어떤 물질과의 상호작용 계수를 구하는데 아주 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

전산화단층촬영장치에서 대조도 척도를 이용한 품질관리 (Quality Control Using Contrast Scale in Computed Tomography Equipment)

  • 김종언
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.707-713
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    • 2024
  • CT장치들에서 대조도 척도는 장치의 노후화로 변화된다. 임상에서 일정한 대조도 척도를 유지하기 위하여, 사용자들은 주기적인 품질관리를 하여야 한다. 본 연구에서, 유효광자에너지별 대조도 척도는 AAPM CT 성능 팬텀에서 CT number 교정 블록의 CT 슬라이스 영상들 기반으로 결정과 분석을 하였다. CT number 교정 블록의 CT 슬라이스 영상들은 80, 100, 120, 140 kVp X-선 빔들에서 각각 5번 스캔으로 얻었다. 관전압별 얻어진 5개 CT 슬라이스 영상들에서, 물과 5개 핀에 관심영역을 설정하여 측정된 평균 CT number들로부터 평균들의 평균 CT number는 산출되었다. 물과 5개 핀에 대하여, 관전압별 산출된 평균들의 평균 CT number 대 광자에너지별 선감쇠계수를 선형회귀분석하여 가장 큰 상관계수를 나타낸 광자에너지 58.5, 65, 71, 77 keV는 유효광자에너지로 결정하였다. 이 유효광자에너지를 결정할 때 사용한 선감쇠계수는 자동적으로 유효선감쇠계수로 결정되었다. 유효광자에너지에 대하여, 물과 5개 핀에서 평균들의 평균 CT number 대 5개 핀과 물 사이의 유효선감쇠계수 차이를 선형회귀분석하여 선형방정식은 얻었다. 얻어진 선형방정식의 기울기를 역수로 취하여 대조도 척도는 결정되었다. 결정된 대조도 척도는 유효광자에너지 58.5~77 keV 범위에서 0.000198~0.000177 cm-1 HU-1이다. 대조도 척도는 유효광자에너지가 높을수록 감소하는 양상을 나타내었다.

Extensive investigations of photon interaction properties for ZnxTe100- x alloys

  • Singh, Harinder;Sharma, Jeewan;Singh, Tejbir
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제50권8호
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    • pp.1364-1371
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    • 2018
  • An extensive investigation of photon interaction properties has been made for $Zn_xTe_{100-x}$ alloys (where x = 5, 20, 30, 40, 50) to explore its possible use in sensing and shielding gamma radiations. The results show better and stable response of ZnTe alloys for various photon interaction properties over the wide energy range, with an additional benefit of ease in fabrication due to lower melting points of Zn and Te. Mass attenuation coefficient values show strong dependence on photon energy as well as composition. Effective atomic number has maximum value for $Zn_5Te_{95}$ and lowest for $Zn_{50}Te_{50}$ in the entire energy region. The alloy sample with maximum $Z_{eff}$ shows minimal value of $N_e$ and vice versa. Mean free path follows inverse trend as observed for mass attenuation coefficient. The exposure and energy absorption buildup factors depend upon photon energy, penetration thickness and composition (effective atomic number) of $Zn_xTe_{100-x}$ alloys. It finds its application for sensing and shielding from highly energetic and highly penetrating photons at sites where radioactive materials were used and visibility of material is not a big constraint. Further, energy down conversion property of ZnTe alloys with subsequent emission in green band suggests its potential use in sensing gamma photons.

Investigation of gamma radiation shielding properties of polyethylene glycol in the energy range from 8.67 to 23.19 keV

  • Akhdar, H.;Marashdeh, M.W.;AlAqeel, M.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권2호
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    • pp.701-708
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    • 2022
  • The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights (1000-200,000) were measured using single-beam photon transmission. The X-ray fluorescent (XRF) photons from Zinc (Zn), Zirconium (Zr), Molybdenum (Mo), Silver (Ag) and Cadmium (Cd) targets were used to determine the attenuation of gamma radiation of energy range between 8.67 and 23.19 keV in PEG samples. The results were compared to theoretical values using XCOM and Monte Carlo simulation using Geant4 toolkit which was developed to validate the experiment at those certain energies. The mass attenuation coefficients were then used to compute the effective atomic numbers, electron density and half value layers for the studied samples. The outcomes showed good agreement between experimental and simulated results with those calculated theoretically by XCOM within 5% deviation. The PEG 1000 sample showed slightly higher μm value compared with the other samples. The dependence of the photon energy and PEG composition on the values of μm and HVL were investigated and discussed. In addition, the values of Zeff and Neff for all PEG samples behaved similarly in the given photon energy range, and they decreased as the photon energy increased.

Ir192 선원을 이용한 근접치료에서 물 흡수선량 1 Gy에 대한 광자에너지 플루언스와 질량에너지흡수계수 유도 (Derivation of Photon Energy Fluence and Mass Energy Absorption Coefficient for 1 Gy Absorbed Dose of Water in Brachytherapy using Ir192 Source)

  • 김종언;안일훈
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 2022
  • 이 연구의 목적은 Ir192 선원을 이용한 근접치료에서 물 흡수선량 1 Gy에 대한 광자 에너지플루언스와 질량에너지흡수계수를 유도하는데 있다. Khan이 저술한 방사선치료물리학으로부터 Ir192 선원의 감마선 선속에 대한 납의 반가층을 얻었다. 얻어진 납의 반가층으로부터 선감쇠계수와 질량감쇠계수를 산출하였다. 산출된 납의 질량감쇠계수를 NIST의 납의 질량감쇠계수 자료에 대응시켜 일치하는 질량감쇠계수의 광자에너지를 유효에너지로 결정하였다. 결정된 유효에너지를 NIST의 물의 질량에너지흡수계수 자료의 광자에너지에 대응시켜서, 물의 질량에너지흡수계수는 0.03273 cm2/g(32.73 cm2/kg)으로 얻었다. 얻어진 물의 질량에너지흡수계수(32.73 cm2/kg)를 물 흡수선량 1 Gy에 나누어 광자에너지플루언스는 0.03055 J/cm2으로 산출하였다.

Investigation on radiation shielding parameters of cerrobend alloys

  • Tellili, Borhan;Elmahroug, Youssef;Souga, Chedly
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제49권8호
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    • pp.1758-1771
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    • 2017
  • In this study, to determine the most effective alloy for shielding against gamma-rays, the gamma-ray shielding parameters of six types of cerrobend alloys have been investigated. Gamma-ray interaction with the cerrobend alloys has been discussed mainly in terms of total mass attenuation coefficient (${\mu}_t$), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), effective atomic number ($Z_{eff}$), and effective electron density ($N_{eff}$). These parameters have been calculated by theoretical approach using the ParShield program in a photon energy range between 0.1 MeV and 100 GeV. The dependence of these parameters on the incident photon energy and chemical composition of the cerrobend alloys has been studied.

CT 모의치료장치에서 발생된 X-선 빔의 유효에너지 계산식 유도 (Derivation of the Effective Energy Calculation Formula of the X-ray Beam Generated by the CT Simulator)

  • 김종언;이상훈
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제15권6호
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    • pp.869-875
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    • 2021
  • 이 연구의 목적은 CT 모의치료장치에서 발생된 X-선 빔의 유효에너지 계산식을 유도하는데 있다. 90, 120, 140 kVp X-선 빔 하에서, AAPM CT 성능 팬텀의 CT수 교정 삽입부는 CT 모의치료장치로 5번 스캔하였다. 폴리에틸렌, 폴리스틸렌, 물, 나일론, 폴리카보네이트, 그리고 아크릴의 CT수는 각각의 CT 슬라이스 영상에 대하여 측정하였다. 단일 관전압 하에서 측정된 CT수 평균값과 미국표준기술연구소의 자료로부터 계산된 각각의 광자에너지에 대응하는 선감쇠계수들을 선형정합하였다. 얻어진 상관계수들 중 최대값을 갖는 광자에너지를 유효에너지를 결정하였다. 이와 같은 방법으로, 각각의 관전압에서 생성된 X-선 빔의 유효에너지를 결정하였다. 결정된 유효에너지(y)들와 관전압(x)들을 선형정합하여 유효에너지 계산식으로서 y=0.33026x+30.80263을 유도하였다.

Gamma radiation attenuation properties of tellurite glasses: A comparative study

  • Al-Hadeethi, Y.;Sayyed, M.I.;Tijani, S.A.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제51권8호
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    • pp.2005-2012
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    • 2019
  • This work investigated the radiation attenuation characteristics of three series of tellurite glass systems with the following compositions: 30PbO-10ZnO-xTeO2-(60-x)B2O3 where x = 10, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mol%, xBaO-xB2O3-(100-2x)TeO2 with x = 15-40 mol% and 50ZnO-(50-x)P2O5-xTeO2, where x = 0, 10, .40 mol%. The results revealed that the attenuation parameters in all the samples decrease with increase in the energy, which implied that all the samples have better interaction with gamma photons at low energies and thus higher photon attenuating efficiency. From the three systems, the samples coded as PbZnBTe60, BaBTe70 and ZnPTe40 have the lowest half value layer values and accordingly have superior photon attenuation efficacy. The maximum effective atomic number values were found for energy less than 0.1 MeV particularly near the K-edges absorption of the heavy atomic number elements such as Te, Ba and Pb. At the lowest energy, the Zeff values are found in the range of 62.33-66.25, 49.43-50.81 and 24.99-35.83 for series 1-3 respectively. Also, we found that the density of the glass remarkably affects the photon attenuation ability of the selected glasses. The mean free path results showed that the PbO-ZnO-TeO2-B2O3 glass system has better radiation shielding efficiency than the glass samples in series 2 and 3.

Determination of X-ray and gamma-ray shielding capabilities of recycled glass derived from deteriorated silica gel

  • P. Sopapan;O. Jaiboon;R. Laopaiboon;C. Yenchai;C. Sriwunkum;S. Issarapanacheewin;T. Akharawutchayanon;K. Yubonmhat
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제55권9호
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    • pp.3441-3449
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    • 2023
  • We determined the radiation shielding properties for 10CaO-xPbO-(90-x) deteriorated silica gel (DSG) glass system (x = 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45 mol.%). The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) has been estimated at photon energies of 74.23, 97.12, 122, 662, 1173, and 1332 keV using a narrow beam X-ray attenuation and transmission experiment, the XCOM program, and a PHITS simulation. The obtained MAC values were applied to estimate the half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number, and effective electron density. Results show that the MAC value of the studied glasses ranges between 0.0549 and 1.4415 cm2/g, increases with the amount of PbO, and decreases with increasing photon energy. The HVL and MFP values decrease with increasing PbO content and increase with increasing photon energy. The recycled glass, with the addition of PbO content (20-45 mol.%), exhibited excellent radiation shielding capabilities compared to standard barite and ferrite concretes and some glass systems. Moreover, the experimental radiation shielding parameters agree with the XCOM and PHITS values. This study suggests that this new waste-recycled glass is an effective and cost-saving candidate for X-ray and gamma-ray shielding applications.

Application of a deep learning algorithm to Compton imaging of radioactive point sources with a single planar CdTe pixelated detector

  • Daniel, G.;Gutierrez, Y.;Limousin, O.
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권5호
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    • pp.1747-1753
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    • 2022
  • Compton imaging is the main method for locating radioactive hot spots emitting high-energy gamma-ray photons. In particular, this imaging method is crucial when the photon energy is too high for coded-mask aperture imaging methods to be effective or when a large field of view is required. Reconstruction of the photon source requires advanced Compton event processing algorithms to determine the exact position of the source. In this study, we introduce a novel method based on a Deep Learning algorithm with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform Compton imaging. This algorithm is trained on simulated data and tested on real data acquired with Caliste, a single planar CdTe pixelated detector. We show that performance in terms of source location accuracy is equivalent to state-of-the-art algorithms, while computation time is significantly reduced and sensitivity is improved by a factor of ~5 in the Caliste configuration.