• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.67-75
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• 2009

While the trend of all industries recently lies in combination, construction industry is much interested in enhancing efficiency and competitiveness in the aspect of site control by adopting RFID. Though RFID has been applied to diverse areas thus far, it cannot be easily applied to construction industry due to diverse physical, chemical and use-environmental properties of construction materials. Furthermore, it is rarely applied to the site because of many problems in its application. It is required to prepare RFID code issuance and system that can systematically control the code as well as to research the standardization of frequency, specification, protocol, package method, recognition method, etc in order to apply RFID to construction industry. In this research, RFID code issuance and management program are proposed as a part of program research to apply RFID. Furthermore, the restricted matters of existing RFID tag are drawn to produce pilot product of RFID tag that can solve it so as to perform site application test. According to the experiment, effective recognition distance varies depending on material/environmental property and control efficiency changes depending on attachment method and application method. Thus, preparing diverse restrictive factors and solutions by systematically analyzing control method(medium, process) of current architecture materials and applying it to construction site can be the way to successfully apply RFID.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.113-127
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• 2005

This study was aimed at developing an application method of biotope evaluation indexes to secure bird diversity on urban biotope that has high intensity of land use. The main purpose of the study was to plan the effective restoration method of sound urban biotope from the ecological aspects after evaluating the relationship between the biotope evaluation indexes. The biotope area, number of insect species, distance from adjacent road, biotope area index were surveyed on each designated site in order to analyze the evaluation indexes that influenced bird diversity in urban biotope. The analysis of the relationship between biotope evaluation. indexes showed the following results number of bird species and number of insect species > number of bird species and biotope area index > number of insect species and biotope area index, that is, the number of insect species and biotope area index had a specific effect on the bird diversity. The equation derived from the above result is 'number of bird species = 6.124 $\times$ biotope area index + 0.095 $\times$ number. of insect species - 1.197' ($R^2=0.716$, F=27.743, P<0.001). Therefore, even a small area can be helpful for promoting bird diversity in the urban area if the biotope area index and diversity of vertical landscape for insects are maintained.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and genetic structures were estimated in seven natural populations of Phellodendron amurense Rupr in South Korea using ISSR markers. The average of polymorphic loci per primer and the proportion of polymorphic loci per population were 4.5 and 78.8% respectively with total 27 polymorphic loci from 6 ISSR primers. The Shannon's diversity index(I) was 0.421 and the expected heterozygosity($H_e$) was 0.285, which was similar to the heterozygosity (hs =0.287) inferred by Bayesian method. In AMOVA, 7.6% of total genetic variation in the populations was resulted from the genetic difference among populations and the other 92.4% was resulted from the difference among individuals within populations. Genetic differentiation(${\theta}^{II}$) and inbreeding coefficient(f) for total population were estimated to be 0.066 and 0.479 by Bayesian method respectively. In Bayesian clustering analysis, seven populations were assigned into three groups. This result was similar to the results of genetic relationships by UPGMA and PCA. The first group included Hwachoen, Gapyeong, Bongpyeong and Yongpyeong population, and the second included two populations in Sancheong region. Muju population was discretely assigned into the third group in spite of the geographically short distance from the Sancheong region. There was no significant correlation between genetic relationship and geographic distribution among populations in Mantel's test. For conservation of the phellodendron trees, it would be effective to consider the findings resulted from this study with ecological traits and life histories of this species.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.921-933
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• 2007

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on Alzheimer's Disease Model Induced by ${\beta}A$. The effects of the KBCMT hot water extract on expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NOS-II, COX-2 mRNA and production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated by lipopolysacchaide(LPS). The effects of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder on (1) the behavior (2) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, MDA, CD68 and CD11b; (3) AChE in serum (4) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with ${\beta}A$ were investigated. The KBCMT hot water extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in BV2 microglia cell line treated with LPS. The KBCMT hot water extract suppressed the production of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, NO in BV2 microglial cell line treated with LPS. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit was shown for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$ in the Morris water maze experiment, which measured stop-through latency and distance movemet-through latency The KBCMT ultra-fine powder suppressed the expression of TNF-a protein significantly in the microglial cell of mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the MDA and suppressed the over-expression of CD68, CD11b in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. The KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder reduced the tau protein, GFAP, and presenilin1, 2 of hippocampus in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by ${\beta}A$. These results suggest that the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Investigation into the clinical use of the KBCMT hot water extract & ultra-fine powder for Alzheimer's disease is suggested for future research.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.533-546
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• 2006

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: thirty six patients, with clinically stable COPD were randomly assigned: 18 to a rehabilitation group and another 18 as a control group, The subjects participated in a the self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program for 8 weeks. This program consisted of education, breathing retraining, exercise training, relaxation and counseling. The control group received education only. The outcome variables were self-efficacy, dyspnea, exercise endurance, pulmonary function, and quality of life. Dyspnea was measured using the modified Borg scale. Exercise endurance was measured by the six minute walking distance. The quality of life was measured by the quality of life index for pulmonary disease patients. Results: In the rehabilitation group after performing the self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program, the self-efficacy score, exercise endurance, and quality of life score were higher than the control group (p=0.007, p=0.038, and p=0.039, respectively). and the exertional dyspnea score was significantly lower than controls(p=0.045). However, the dyspnea score and FEV1 were similar after performing the self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program. Conclusion: The self-efficacy promoting pulmonary rehabilitation program is effective to in improve self-efficacy, exertional dyspnea, exercise endurance and quality of life in patients with COPD.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.445-450
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• 2017

It is necessary to set a route to reflect the traffic flow for the safety of the traffic vessels. This ongoing analysis is needed to ensure that the vessels comply with a route. The purpose of this study is to discover the problems of the recommended route vicinity for Wando Harbor and suggest an improvement plan. We used a support vector machine based on the ship's trajectory to establish an efficient route center line. Since the vessels should navigate to the starboard side, with reference to the center line of the recommended route, the trajectories of the vessels were divided into two clusters. The support vector machine is being used in many fields such as pattern recognition, and it is effective for this binary classification. As a result of this study, about 79.5 % of the merchant eastbound ships in a 2.4 NM distance to Jangjuk Sudo did not observe the recommended route, so the risk of collision always existed. The contraflow traffic rate of the route of the eastbound ships decreased from 79.5 % to 30.9 % when the recommended route was reset about 300 meters to the north, from its present position. The support vector machine applied in this study is expected to be applicable, to effectively set the route center line because the ship trajectories can be classified into two clusters.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.166-174
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• 2011

The object of this study is to evaluate the structural shear capacity of the PC girder-PC beam joint. The dapped end of PC beam and the ledger of PC girder are usually designed to design load. If the end of PC beam can be designed with continuous end, the dapped end of PC beam and the ledger of PC girder do not need to resist to all loads except dead load and construction load. The experimental program was carried out with 7 specimens containing the variable factors as the anchored method of the hanger bar, design load, be or not exist of ledger bars. As a result, the continuity of the dapped end and the ledger were ensured their safety although the design load was only the dead load and the construction load. The shear critical section was expanded toward the effective depth d, the distance from the supported position of the beam. If the ledger is designed according to PCI Design Handbook, the structural system of the ledger is as to the cantilever slab system. But the ledger of this study is as to the 3 side fixed slab system. Therefore the design of the ledger by PCI Design Handbook will lead to highly conservative results.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2016

Electrospinning is a simple and effective process for producing nanofiber with diameter range from nanometers to micrometers which have high specific surface area. Hence, medicated nanofibers can be readily fabricated using a solution containing a mixture of a plant-extracts and a polymer. It has proved that Juniperus Chinensis can be effectively used for the prevention of UV and SLS-induced advers skin reaction such as radical production, inflammation and skin cell damage. It also found that Juniperus Chinensis has efficient ingredient of antifungal activity and house dust mite repellent effect. The fabrication of PVA nanofibers containing Juniperus Chinensis extracts by electrospinning has been studied. PVA/Juniperus Chinensis extracts composite nanofibers were produced at different Juniperus Chinensis concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.5 wt. %). The parameters of electrospinning including polymer contents, voltage and tip-to-collector distance (TCD) were optimized for fabrication process. The study show that 12 wt. % PVA, 10kV applied voltage and TCD 10~20 cm are the best condition to obtain uniform PVA/Juniperus Chinensis extracts composite nanofibers. Morphologies of the electrospun composite nanofiber were observed by using a field emission scanning electron microscope. It has been found that the average diameters of fibers increased by the adding of Juniperus Chinensis extracts. As the results, PVA/Juniperus Chinensis extracts composite nanofibers having a diameter in the range from 310~360 nm were successfully prepared via an electrospinning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

In this paper, the laboratory test results with middle-sired ,soil box test in modeling the in-situ installing of horizontal drains are discussed the estimation of the optimum negative pressure. The test was carried out in the different vacuum pressure conditions together with the measurement for the settlement and volume change of drained water by the installed drains during the consolidation process. After the test, the water content was measured to both directions of lateral distance from the drain and depth of the soil, to find out the distribution of ground improvement and strength enhancement. From the analysis on the distribution of water content, the gradual application of vacuum pressure to higher level by pre-determined stages starting from low vacuum pressure is found to be effective and desirable. In the comparison of the degrees of consolidation with elapsed time, the calculated value by the prediction method based on the Barren's conventional theory showed a good agreement with the measured value. With this, It is positively considered that the applicability of the prediction method based on Barren's theory to the practical design of horizontal drains can be justified such as in the calculation of drain spacing and consolidation period.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.615-623
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• 2010

Seismic refraction survey is a geophysical method that delineates subsurface velocity structure using direct wave and critically refracted wave. The generalized reciprocal method(GRM) is an inversion technique which uses travel-time data from several forward and reverse shots and which can provide the geometry of irregular inclined refractors and structures underlain by hidden layer such as low velocity zone and thin layer. In this study, a simple Excel-GRM routine was tested for fast mapping of the interface between weathering layer and bedrock during the survey, with employing a pair of forward and reverse shots. This routine was proved to control the maximum dip of approximately $30^{\circ}C$ and maximum velocity contrast of 0.6, based on the panel tests in terms of dipping angle and velocity contrast for the two-layer inclined models. In contrast with conventional operation of five to seven shots with sufficient offset distance and indoor data analysis thereafter, this routine was performed in the field shortly after data acquisition. Depth to the bedrock provided by Excel-GRM, during the field survey for Cheongju granite area, correlates well with the elevation of the surface of soft rock from the drill core and SPS logging data. This cost-effective routine developed for quickly delineating the bedrock surface in the field survey will be readily applicable to mapping of weathering zone in narrow zone with small variation of elevation of bedrock.