• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.776-781
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• 2007

Optimized capacity of equipments are essential for energy saving and low cost construction and operation. So we must use proper design data for HVAC system design. We investigated for architectural data, equipment capacity, cooling and heating load design criteria of 52 office buildings. Following research results were obtained by carrying out each task. Office building effective area rate is 63%. The average building cooling load of South Korea is $140W/m^2$ and average heating loads in Seoul and Pusan area are $120{\sim}130W/m^2$ and $70{\sim}80W/m^2$. We also analysised HVAC design criteria. Person ratio in effective building area is $0.2person/m^2$, sensitive and latent heat loads of a person are 60W and 65W, light and equipment loads of office buildings are $25W/m^2$ and $20W/m^2$.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2015

A circularly rotated array for a dual polarized applicator in a superficial hyperthermia system is proposed. The applicator has a wider effective treatment area due to the $180^{\circ}$ phase shift. The dual polarized circularly rotated array (DPCRA) suppresses overheating at the center of the array and helps evenly distribute the heat. This array provides a more effective treatment area than a lattice array when a $2{\times}2$ dual polarized array is fitted to the treatment area. The treatment area is 71.5% of the aperture, whereas the effective treatment areas of the $2{\times}2$ dual polarized lattice array (DPLA) and the single polarized array (SPA) are 57.2% and 38.6% of the same aperture, respectively. The measurement matches the simulation results without blood circulation effects. In a $2{\times}2$ array applicator, the proposed DPCRA has more heat uniformity than the DLA and the SPA.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate visual preferences of the methods for river embankment based on seasonal changes and to reveal the relationship between visual preference and effective factors, which are the physical and esthetic elements inside the river. For this research seven river embankment methods including concrete block, concrete wall, gabion, and vegetated concrete block were selected in Dongchon of Gwangyang. Twenty-eight pictures by the four pictures of each embankment method based on seasonal changes, the winter and summer of the first and second years after construction were used for a photo-questionnaire by 49 participants. In the analysis of the relationship between visual preference and effective factors, the independent variables included eight factors: form of the material, harmony with the surroundings, the cleanness of river floor, the green area of embankment methods, the water area in river floor, the stone and sand area in river floor, the planting area in river floor, and the area of embankment itself. The result of this study are as follows. First, visual preference in summer was higher than in winter, and the summer landscape of the second you scored the highest value for visual preference. Second, similarly to the way the vegetated concrete block produced a green effect, cobblestone and gabion embankments made of natural materials scored higher than others, whereas the concrete retaining wall scored the lowest of all methods because of it's artificiality. Third, the seven independent variables, except form of the material, are proved statistically significant at the 5% level. The water area in river floor, harmony with the surroundings, the planting area in river floor, and the cleanness of the river floor were revealed as more effective factors influencing visual preference. The research results suggest that the riverscape has to be controlled in terms of seasonal change and embankment methods. Natural materials and green effects in embankment methods are more important for increasing landscape preference, and the landscape factors inside a river should also be considered important variables. It is recommended that advanced study on other factors affecting visual preference of the riverscape be carried out to support this research.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2022

Background: The use of dental floss is associated with a reduction in dental caries and periodontal disease. According to personal preference, not only thread type but also C type and Y type floss are used. Although the effectiveness of dental floss for removing dental plaque has been proven, plaque removal effect of C type and Y type floss has not been well reported. In this study, the plaque removal effect of C type and Y type floss compared to thread type floss was experimentally verified. Methods: Thread type, C type and Y type floss were used to remove dental plaque. Ten people in each flossing group participated, and by applying dental floss to the 6 incisors of the maxilla and mandible, the degree of dental plaque was analyzed by QLF-D. To evaluate the removal degree of dental plaque before and after flossing, Simple Plaque Score (SPS), Area R30, Area R70, and Area R120 score were measured. Results: In the analysis using the Area R30 fluorescence score of the QLF-D system, the degree of plaque removal according to the application of dental floss was effective in all the thread type (p=0.018), C-type (p=0.012), and Y-type (p=0.012) floss groups compared to before the application of the floss. Among them, C type floss was more effective in removing plaque than thread type and Y type floss. However, the plaque removal effect between the three floss types was not significantly different in ∆SPS (p=0.674), ∆Area R30 (p=0.726), ∆Area R70 (p=0.504), and ∆Area R120 scores (p=0.423). Conclusion: Thread type, C type, and Y type floss were all effective in removing dental plaque, but there was no significant difference in dental plaque removal effect according to the type of floss.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.863-877
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dot pattern size(0.8, 1.8, 2.5, 5, 8), color combination (BG/R, Y/B), value tone(lt/dk, p/g), area-ratio on image information. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with the combination of dot pattern size, color combination, value tone and area-ratio using computer simulation. The subjects were 240 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, visibility, chastity.feminity, cuteness and attractiveness. In the visibility, color combination, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. In the chastity feminity, color combination, value tone, showed independent effect. In the cuteness, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of color and area-ratio combination on visibility and cuteness were found. Interaction efforts of color and value tone combination, value tone and area-ratio was significant on cuteness. For visibility image, BG/R combination of color and yellow background/blue dots were effective. For cuteness image, pale/grayish tone and background/dots area-ratio were effective.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-123
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• 1992

A study was made on the feature extraction for non-metallic one deposits and their related geology using the Remote Sensing and Airborne Radiometric data. The area chosen is around the Haenam area, where dickite and Quarzite mines are distributed in. The geology of the area consists mainly of Cretaceous volcanics and PreCambrian metamorphic. The methods applied are study on the reflectance characteristics of minerals and rocks sampled in the study area, and the feature extraction extraction of histogram normalized images for Landsat TM and Airborne Radiometric data, and finally evaluation of applicability of some useful pattern recognition techniques for regional lithological mapping. As a result, reflectances of non-metallic minerals are much higher than rock samples in the area. However, low grade dickites are slightly higher than rock samples, probably due to their greyish colour and also their textural features which may scatter the reflectance and may be capable of capturing much hychoryl ions. The reflectances of rock samples may depend on the degree of whiteness of samples. The outcrops or mine dumps in the study area were most effectively extracted on the histogram normalized image of TM Band 1, 2 and 3, due to their high reflectivity. The Masking technique using the above bands may be the most effective and the natural colour composite may provide some success as well. The colour composite image of PCA may also be effective in extracting geological features, and airborne radiometric data may be useful to some degree as an complementary tool.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2014

Recently, new methods have been developed for estimating the current and recent changes in effective population sizes. Based on the methods, the effective population sizes of Korean populations were estimated using data from the Korean Association Resource (KARE) project. The overall changes in the population sizes of the total populations were similar to CHB (Han Chinese in Beijing, China) and JPT (Japanese in Tokyo, Japan) of the HapMap project. There were no differences in past changes in population sizes with a comparison between an urban area and a rural area. Age-dependent current and recent effective population sizes represent the modern history of Korean populations, including the effects of World War II, the Korean War, and urbanization. The oldest age group showed that the population growth of Koreans had already been substantial at least since the end of the 19th century.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.215-226
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 정량적 위험도 평가를 위한 시나리오 구축시 제반인자가 화재안전성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 대피로 폭에 따른 하차시간을 분석하고 단면적별로 제연풍속, 제연방향, 대피방향의 상관관계에 따른 화재특성 및 대피특성을 분석하였다. 적용 단면적은 복선고속철도는 $97m^2$, 단선고속철도는 $58m^2$, 단선일반철도는 $38m^2$로 하였으며, 터널풍속은 0.5~3.5 m/s 조건으로 하였다. 본 연구 결과, 터널의 단면적이 작아지면 터널내 유해가스의 농도가 단면적 감소비 이상으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 단면적이 작은 경우에는 화재초기에서부터 열차주변의 환경이 성능위주설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 한계기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 대피특성파악을 위한 유효대피시간을 분석에서는 가시도에 의해서 유효대피시간을 평가하는 경우가 가장 짧게 나타났다. 또한 유해가스에 대한 유효호흡분량(FED)을 해석하여 등가사망자가 발생하는 시점을 기준으로 하여 구한 유효대피시간과는 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.117-121
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• 2001

For the effective development or preservation of Tokdo, the natural environments in the ambient sea area should be well investigated. The wave deformations and wave breaking in the vicinity have much affected the bottom morphology of Tokdo as well as its ecological environment. The present study investigates the wave deformations and wave breaking through a numerical model. The final goal is to provide the fundamental wave data for the effective development or preservation of Tokdo in future. The extended mild slope equation was applied to Tokdo sea area for three different deep water wave conditions (S, SSE, NNE directions). The results showed that for the S and SSE directions the wave heights in the area between the east island and the west island were very low with the level of 1~2m, but for the NNE direction they appeared pretty high with 3~4m, In the sea area near the northwest of west island, the wave heights were low to be 1~3m for all three directions of deep water wave.

• 교육시설
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.5-13
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• 1996

In the course of modernization and industrialization in Korea, the population in rural area has been substantially decreased, as a greate number of people have moved to urban area. Many elementary schools in rural area were destined to be closed as the number of students for each school have been decreased below proper level. And this tendency seems to be continued for the time being. The purpose of this study is to suggest a policy for the effective utilization of closed elementary schools in rural area. Especially this study is focused on the cases of utilization of closed school as art studio. By analysing the actual cases of utilization of closed school facilities as artists' studios and surveying the responses and opinions of local inhabitants as well as the artists, we hereby suggest and propose a related policy as one of effective means to revitalize distressed rural community.