• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2002

In this study, in order to find out relationship of green space distribution and lower air temperature effect, observed air temperature distribution in and out green space in the cloudy. On basis of the result, we are analyzed relationship of air temperature distribution in and out green space, of green space distribution and air temperature of, lower air temperature effect and the urban in between the green space by using regression analysis. According to the result, the higher temperature zone formed around urban, and the lower temperature zone was similar to shape of green space. In case of the green space, higher temperature zone is formed around paved surface and barren ground, lower temperature zone is done forest and water area. To compare air temperature of windward and leeward around green space, the windward formed the lower temperature zone and although the wind direction is not the leeward to the green space, air temperature formed lower temperature zone to the urban in between the green space.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2017

With rapid urbanization and reckless urban development in the 21st century, the urban environment has gradually gotten worse, and urban heat island effect has been dramatically intensified. Thus, the importance of street greenery that can mitigate the urban heat island effect has further been highlighted. In this regard, this study was aimed at selecting suitable plant species for street greenery to reduce the urban heat island effect. Towards this end, five roads located in Seocho-gu, Seoul were selected as study sites, and plant species composition and difference of surface temperature were compared and analyzed in relation to the light transmittance. The street with the greatest temperature difference is Bangbae-ro(Platanus occidentalis). On the other hand, the road with the lowest temperature difference is Nambusunhwan-doro(Metasequoia Glyptostroboides). The effect of temperature reduction was found to be associated with light transmittance.Bangbae-ro(Platanus occidentalis) with the lowest light transmittance showed the highest temperature difference and Nambusunhwan-doro(Metasequoia Glyptostroboides) with the highest light transmittance showed the lowest temperature difference. It is analyzed that there are most differences in temperature when the amount of lights coming in between the crown is small. The temperature reduction effect can be obtained by planting deciduous broad-leaved trees. Also species with dense crown and broad width of crown will be able to maximize the effect of temperature reduction. In future studies, it will be necessary to expand the other species of trees in the street, and analyze the germicidal trees and shrubs as well as the differences in the packaging materials.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1159-1175
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• 2015

In this study, the effect of temperature variation on the wireless impedance monitoring is analyzed for the tendon-anchorage connection of the prestressed concrete girder. Firstly, three impedance features, which are peak frequency, root mean square deviation (RMSD) index, and correlation coefficient (CC) index, are selected to estimate the effects of temperature variation and prestress-loss on impedance signatures. Secondly, wireless impedance tests are performed on the tendon-anchorage connection for which a series of temperature variation and prestress-loss events are simulated. Thirdly, the effect of temperature variation on impedance signatures measured from the tendon-anchorage connection is estimated by the three impedance features. Finally, the effect of prestress-loss on impedance signatures is also estimated by the three impedance features. The relative effects of temperature variation and prestress-loss are comparatively examined.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.187-199
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• 2007

Objectives : The present study purposed to compare the antioxidant effect, anti inflammatory effect and cancer cell multiplication inhibition effect of Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui aqueous extract according to extraction temperature. Methods : We medicated animal models, which had experimental oxidation, with Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and $50^{\circ}C$ low temperature leachate, and performed hematological analysis and blood chemical analysis with measuring SOD, GSH, catalase, NO and MDA content in the liver. In addition, we made comparative observation of anti inflammatory effect and anti-cancer effect. Results : Compared to the control group, both the group medicated with Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and with $50^{\circ}C$ low-temperature leachate were found to decrease the number of thrombocytes in blood plasma and NO content while to increase SOD activity and catalase activity significantly. Both groups also showed anti-inflammatory effect against THP-1 cells and a multiplication inhibition effect against liver cancer cells and stomach cancer cells significantly. Conclusions : Both Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui total extract and Fructificatio Inonoti Obliqui $50^{\circ}C$ low-temperature leachate have significant antioxidant effect, anti inflammatory effect and anti cancer effect.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2005

In this the study, the effects of the manufacturing process conditions on the properties Thick and Thin Diameter yarns(TTD yarns) prepared with hot plate device in the draw winder were determined. Physical properties including wet shrinkage, tenacity and elongation of the samples were measured and thick and thin effect was analysed with the evenness tester. The results were as the follows: There was little change the wet shrinkage of the TTD yarns in the range of $70^{\circ}C{\sim}80^{\circ}C$ of $R_1$ temperature(lower hot cylinder) with the same Hot Plate(H/P) temperature, but the wet shrinkage of the TTD yarns decreased 5-10% when $R_1$ temperature was $90^{\circ}C$. The wet shrinkage of the TTD yarns decreased with the H/P temperature at the same temperature of $R_1$. There was little effect of $R_1$ and H/P temperature on the tenacity of TTD yarns. The elongation of TTD yarns increased with $R_1$ temperature at the same H/P temperature. The elongation of TTD yarns increased little bit for the first time and then decreased above that temperature with increasing H/P temperature at the same $R_1$ temperature. The thick and thin effect on the TTD yarns was obvious in $110^{\circ}C$ of H/P temperature regardless of $R_1$ temperature, while there was no thick and thin effect on the TTD yarns in $140^{\circ}C$ of H/P temperature.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.65-78
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• 1996

To study the temperature mitigation effects from urban green, several arrangements of green spaces were selected and air/ground temperatures were measured in Chongju city area. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. It was found that the natural ground materials effect more affirmatively on the air and ground temperature than artificial ones do. The best results were recorded from the grass surface presenting highest mitigation effect and lowest daily temperature deviation. 2. Temperature mitigation effects of Tree-Shade on ground are different from season, ground material, and crown-size. Them most effects were found in interlocking block, the least in grass surface among recorded 2 seasons and 3 materials. In case of air temperature, the effects were more or less decreased in most cases. 3. From the survey, it was confirmed that the smaller urban greens can do its role of temperature mitigation as larger ones does. In case of this study, the effect was recorded about 2.3$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1999

Since ultrasonic stress wave velocity varies with wood temperature and moisture content, ultrasonic stress wave could be a tool to predict wood moisture content if temperature effect could be eliminated. This temperature effect was investigated by measuring the velocities of ultrasonic stress waves transmitting through air, a metal bar and a dimension lumber at various temperatures. For air the velocity and amplitude of the ultrasonic stress wave increase with temperature, while for a metal bar and a dimension lumber those decrease as temperature increases. However all three materials showed velocity hystereses with a temperature cycle. The effect of temperature and moisture content on stress wave velocity of a dimension lumber was depicted in the form of a three dimensional graph. The plot of stress wave velocity vs. wood moisture content was well fitted by two regression equations: a exponential equation below 46% and a linear equation above 46%.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제23권4E호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2004

A laboratory study was carried out to investigate the change of ultrasonic velocity as a function of temperature for fluid mud (i.e., suspension). Pulse transmission technique with ultrasonic wave was used for ultrasonic velocity measurement. The five samples for fluid mud were prepared for concentration range of $30.6{\%}\;(1.24\;g/cm^{3}\;in\;density),\;23.3{\%}\;(1.19\;g/cm^{3}),\;11.5{\%}(1.10\;g/cm^{3}),\;7.8{\%}\;(1.08\;g/cm^{3}),\;and\;3.8{\%}\;(1.05\;g/cm^{3})$ by weight. The ultrasonic velocity in fluid mud was investigated to increase $(approximately\;2.83\;to\;4.95\;m/s/^{\circ}C)$ with increasing temperature, due to the effect of viscosity and compressibility of water with changing temperature. But the increasing rate tends to decrease at temperature higher than $30^{\circ}C,$ caused by the effect of viscosity. The concentration of fluid mud more affect to the ultrasonic velocity at higher temperature range than that at lower temperature. Overall the temperature effect on the ultrasonic velocity in fluid mud was a similar rate as for distilled water and seawater, suggesting fluid mud significantly depends on the behavior of water.

• 센서학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.338-341
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• 2017

We have investigated a temperature sensor on a thermal expansion effect of a fused optical fiber coupler. Both side of the fused tapered region of the coupler were fixed on a metal support to induce the high thermal expansion effect. The sensor showed that the peak coupling wavelengths were shifted to shorted wavelength region with increased of environmental temperature. The sensitivity of the sensor was $0.12nm/^{\circ}C$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1994

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of ambient temperature and nicarbazin on SCWL adult roosters. In Experiment 1, the effects of nicarbazin supplementation (125 ppm) on the water metabolism, blood acid-base balance; and rectal temperature of 16 birds in normal ($21^{\circ}C$) and hot ($35-36^{\circ}C$) temperature were investigated. In Experiment 2, the evaporative water loss and $CO_2$ exhalation from 8 birds were measured individually with an open-circuit gravimetric respiration apparatus in normal ($21^{\circ}C$) and hot ($33.5-34^{\circ}C$) temperature. The amount of water intake and evaporative water loss increased in birds under heat stress (HS). Nicarbazin exacerbated these effect in hot temperature. Also, nicarbazin decreased the blood $pCO_2$ and increased pH of HS birds. The rectal temperature of birds increased in hot temperature, and nicarbazin worsened this effect. The evaporative water loss, measured directly with respiration apparatus (Experiment 2), was increased in hot temperature. HS decreased the amount of $CO_2$ exhalation. Nicarbazin did not exert ant effect on either of these measurements, probably due to the limited duration (2 h) of the trial. The decrease in $CO_2$ exhalation by HS birds could be explained by reduced metabolic rate, which helps homeothermy of birds in hot temperature.