• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.194-195
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• 2014

In modern building, it is constructed with non-uniform complex design. These buildings can't be expressed in 2-D drawings, and it requires shown in 3-D. So, BIM is necessary to communicate between a designer and constructor, and it prevents misunderstanding of drawings. Especially, to design and construct these non-uniformed buildings, BIM needs knowledge and know-how of structure engineer. BIM should fully include construction process information which satisfy constructors so it leads to success in construction market. In this Thesis, I show some example of BIM efficiency to construct non-uniformed large scale building.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.211-238
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• 2016

The Maximum seismic responses of steel buildings with perimeter moment resisting frames (MRF), modeled as complex MDOF systems, are estimated for several incidence angles of the horizontal components and the critical one is identified. The accuracy of the existing rules to combine the effects of the individual components is also studied. Two and three components are considered. The critical response does not occur for principal components and the corresponding incidence angle varies from one earthquake to another. The critical response can be estimated as 1.40 and 1.10 times that of the principal components, for axial load and interstory shears, respectively. The rules underestimate the axial load but reasonably overestimate the shears. The rules are not always inaccurate in the estimation of the combined response for correlated components. On the other hand, totally uncorrelated (principal) components are not always related to an accurate estimation. The correlation of the individual effects (${\rho}$) may be significant, even for principal components. The rules are not always associated to an inaccurate estimation for large values of ${\rho}$, and small values of ${\rho}$ are not always related to an accurate estimation. Only for perfectly uncorrelated harmonic excitations and elastic analysis of SDOF systems, the individual effects of the components are uncorrelated and the rules accurately estimate the combined response. The degree of correlation of the components, the type of structural system, the response parameter under consideration, the location of the structural member and the level of structural deformation must be considered while estimating the level of underestimation or overestimation.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.291-300
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• 2002

An efficient large eddy simulation algorithm is used to compute surface pressure distributions on an eleven story (target) building on the NIST campus. Local meteorology, neighboring buildings, topography and large vegetation (trees) all play an important part in determining the flows and therefore the pressures experienced by the target. The wind profile imposed at the upstream surface of the computational domain follows a power law with an exponent representing a suburban terrain. This profile accounts for the flow retardation due to friction from the surface of the earth, but does not include fluctuations that would naturally occur in this flow. The effect of neighboring buildings on the time dependent surface pressures experienced by the target is examined. Comparison of the pressure fluctuations on the single target building alone with those on the target building in situ show that, owing to vortices shed by the upstream buildings, fluctuations are larger when such buildings are present. Even when buildings are lateral to or behind the target, the pressure disturbances generate significantly different flows around this building. A simple grid-free mathematical model of a tree is presented in which the trunk and the branches are each represented by a collection of spherical particles strung together like beads on a string. The drag from the tree, determined as the sum of the drags of the component particles, produces an oscillatory, spreading wake of slower fluid, suggesting that the behavior of trees as wind breakers can be modeled usefully.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2018

Recently, concentration of fine and ultra-fine particulate matter(PM) has been increased in KOREA. The increase of PM in KOREA is due to increase of domestic industries and yellow dust from china. PM is known to cause diseases such as dyspnoea, asthma, arrhythmia. Since PM is harmful to human, KOREA Ministry of Environment(ME) warns people to stay indoors when the outdoor PM concentration is high. However, prior studies has shown that indoor PM concentration can be relatively high when outdoor PM concentration is high due to infiltration of PM into buildings though leakage areas. In this study, airtightness, indoor and outdoor pressure difference and PM 2.5 & 10 concentration were measured in an apartment complex to observe PM infiltrating into building. Field measurement was conducted in newly-built apartment buildings to avoid the influence of indoor PM which can be generated by residents. The airtightness test was conducted to identify the leakage areas of the apartment, such as electric outlets and supply/exhaust diffusers. The airtightness test result showed that the air leakage area of the building was dominant in buildings envelop. According to indoor and outdoor pressure difference measurement result and PM concentration measurement result, it can be concluded that outdoor PM can infiltrate into indoor by leakage areas when wind is blown toward the apartment. As a result, pressure difference formed by the external weather condition and architectural characteristics such as the airtightness in building can influence PM to infiltrate into buildings. In further studies, I/O ratio, stack-effect, infiltration and penetration factor will be considered.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2002

Wind tunnel aeroelastic model tests of the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council (CAARC) standard tall building were conducted using a three-degree-of-freedom base hinged aeroelastic(BHA) model. Experimental investigation into the effects of coupled translational-torsional motion, cross-wind/torsional frequency ratio and eccentricity between centre of mass and centre of stiffness on the wind-induced response characteristics and wind excitation mechanisms was carried out. The wind tunnel test results highlight the significant effects of coupled translational-torsional motion, and eccentricity between centre of mass and centre of stiffness, on both the normalised along-wind and cross-wind acceleration responses for reduced wind velocities ranging from 4 to 20. Coupled translational-torsional motion and eccentricity between centre of mass and centre of stiffness also have significant impacts on the amplitude-dependent effect caused by the vortex resonant process, and the transfer of vibrational energy between the along-wind and cross-wind directions. These resulted in either an increase or decrease of each response component, in particular at reduced wind velocities close to a critical value of 10. In addition, the contribution of vibrational energy from the torsional motion to the cross-wind response of the building model can be greatly amplified by the effect of resonance between the vortex shedding frequency and the torsional natural frequency of the building model.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to provide basic objective data which can be utilized as an adjustment criterion for the alleviation of the limit on the number of floors of buildings by quantitatively evaluates the effect of the alleviation of the limit on the number of floors of buildings in apartment complexes on thermal environment of apartment complexes using data obtained from apartments in a class 2 general residential area. In this study, we carried out a thermal environment analysis utilizing the simulation of a virtual object area. The result is summarized as follows: The result of analyzing the entire surface temperature showed an equal decrease of surface temperature due to shadow in all scenarios and high floors showed a tendency of low surface temperature during daytime as the rate of shadow the high floors increase. This influences not only the surface temperature but also HIP and is judged to greatly contribute to the alleviation of the heat island effect. Also, the reason why HIP at high floors shows high values before sunrise and after sunset is thought to be because the concrete wall of the building maintains a high temperature during nighttime by absorbing and storing sunlight during daytime instead of reflecting it since it has low reflectance.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2015

As the predominant mode of vertical urban development in China, mixed-use complexes provide the optimal case for the research of sustainable and vertical urbanism. This paper reviews three typical mixed-use complexes with various vertical space systems in Shanghai via the combination of field observation, questionnaires and software analysis. It then proceeds to determine which vertical space system is most effective for encouraging sustainable vertical urban development from the perspective of spatial efficiency. Finally, it concludes with an evaluation of the relative capabilities of the design features of a mixed-use complex: to create external dimensional-connections, to create multiple internal connections, and to organize overall composite functions.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.454-457
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• 2004

Due to social problems such as the increasing of land price and the expanding of city, buildings require more complex and bigger components and structure. However, the complex and massive building projects need new technology to solve effect of local buckling and the needs for more space. Hence, Concrete Filled Tube Steel (CFT), the tube steel to hold concrete during pouring and curing of concrete procedure, which helps to reduce local buckling and space, was developed. Most researches on CFT might not be focused on the characteristic of concrete 'filled in tube but structural analysis. However, it is the essential factor to increase the strength of concrete on CFT for having efficient results. Therefore, this paper will describe how to apply CFT into the construction site through examining High Strength Concrete $(800kg/cm^2)$, the strength of core, and bleeding during pouring strategy.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2012

Pressure distribution in the water supply system of an apartment complex consisting of 12 buildings and 635 units in total have been investigated numerically. The complex incorporates two zone booster pump system, and around a half of units have pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in them. Calculated hydrostatic pressure without the water flow were compared with their designed and measured counterparts, and they agreed quite well with each other. Then, the pressure and volumetric water flow rate at all units were analyzed, indicating that there are noticeable differences in pressure and flow rate in one unit to another, although the aforementioned minimization technologies of pressure deviation were employed. In order to further reduce the difference in the water flow rate, it is suggested that all the units in the complex have PRVs installed in their water supply system. The effect of setting pressure of the PRVs on the non-uniformity of the flow in each unit and on the reduction of total water supply for the apartment complex have been studied. With the same PRV setting pressure of 3.952 bar (or the gauge pressure of $3.0kg_f/cm^2$), it has been estimated that the suggested system improves the non-uniformity (the coefficient of variation) of the flow rate of apartment complex over the current system, from 8.02% to 6.66%, and reduces the total water supply, from $0.02804m^3/s$ to $0.02766m^3/s$.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

In Alvar Aalto's designs, important factors of complex building designs including Wolfsburg cultural center are that they insinuate how to develop each architectural type and how to combine them in a building. The humane and physical background studies, and wholistic and systematic approaches are adopted to fulfill research purposes. Comparison with other buildings are necessary to reveal true meaning of this building. The result of analysis show characteristics of Wolfsburg cultural center as follows; hybrid composition of mass and elevation, spatial effect using level difference and light, massing variation of roof, and creating space for various activities. Wolfsburg cultural center designed in late 1950s has greatly affected Aalto's later works through various architectural experiments because it is the first cultural complex project that combined various architectural types. Especially library in the cultural center has shown transitional characteristics to famous fan-type libraries of 1960s while maintained features about Viipuri library. Wolfsburg cultural center act as an another type which present new principles of clustering, massing and exterior design. Its true meaning lies in forming a humanizing place beyond spatial configuration.