• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.475-491
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• 2022

Purpose - This study analyzed the correlation and effect of FTA environmental factors (company internal environmental factors, corporate external environmental factors) between FTA utilization and performance of Shandong companies in China. Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis, SPSS 24.0 statistical packages were used based on the collected data. Findings - First, it was confirmed that internal environmental factors (international marketing orientation, corporate competitiveness, and corporate awareness of FTA) of companies had a positive(+) effect on FTA utilization. Second, The government's support for FTA utilization will have a significant positive (+) effect on companies' FTA utilization.Non-tariff barriers will have a negative (-) effect on companies' use of FTA. Third, A company's FTA utilization will have a significant positive effect on FTA performance. Research implications or Originality - If Shandong companies want to increase the utilization of FTAs, they should strengthen international marketing, such as collecting information on competitors and improving product quality and price competitiveness, and increase corporate competitiveness through active export activities to the global market.In order to increase the awareness of FTA among enterprises in Shandong Province, the government should strengthen the relevant education of enterprises about FTA.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 2018

본고는 2003~2013년 기간 동안 62개 국가의 양자 무역자료를 이용하여 양자 간의 수출과 수입에 FTA와 FTA의 파급효과가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 분석하기 위해 본고에서는 1) FTA더미변수와 2) FTA더미변수를 이용한 가중평균수출입 규모를 FTA의 파급효과 변수로 구축하였으며, GMM, 패널 고정효과 및 확률효과, 그리고 PPML 추정방법을 이용하였다. 분석결과, FTA변수는 양자 간의 수출과 수입에 양(+)의 관계를 보여, 양자 간의 FTA가 무역창출 및 무역전환 효과에 의해 수출입을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. FTA의 파급효과를 나타내는 FTA 가중평균수출입 규모 변수도 모든 분석모형에서 양(+)의 값을 갖는 것으로 분석되어, 주변국 또는 제3국들의 다양한 FTA 체결은 양자 간의 무역규모를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본고는 무역을 증가시키기 위해서는 다양한 FTA를 체결한 국가와의 무역을 하는 것이 바람직하며, 향후 FTA의 분석은 기존의 2개국 모형에서 3개국 모형 분석으로 확대될 필요성이 있다는 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2013

본 연구는 한 ASEAN FTA의 교역효과를 살펴보기 위해 패널분석을 실시하였다. Panel Unit Root Test, Panel Cointegration Test, Pooled OLS, Hausman Test, Fixed Effect, Random Effect를 살펴보았다. 분석자료는 ASEAN회원국 10개국 중 우리나라와 교역규모가 적은 브루나이, 라오스, 미얀마, 캄보디아 4개국은 제외하고, 인도네시아, 말레이시아, 필리핀, 싱가포르, 타이, 베트남 등 6개국의 1997년부터 20011년까지 15년간의 년간 자료를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 시사점은 우리 정부는 세계적인 FTA 확산추세에 대응하고 안정적인 해외시장 확보를 통한 경쟁력을 강화하기 위해서 FTA 체결 효과를 극대화할 필요가 있다. 또한 WTO의 상품과 서비스관련 규정에 일치하는 높은 수준의 FTA 체결을 지향함으로써 다자주의를 보완하고, FTA를 통해 국내제도의 개선 및 선진화까지를 도모할 필요가 있다. 이 모든 노력에도 불구하고 FTA가 성공적으로 추진되기 위해서는 무엇보다도 FTA의 추진에 따른 교역 증진 효과를 분석하여 FTA 추진과정의 투명성을 제고하고, FTA 추진과정에서 전문가의 의견을 최대한 반영할 필요가 있다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.93-112
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• 2017

본 연구는 수출 중소기업의 FTA 정보학습의 역할을 실증분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 이에 중소기업 수출성과 경로에서 FTA 정보학습의 조절효과를 포함한 통합적 모형을 구축했다. 중소기업의 현지화 전략, 제품혁신 역량, FTA 정보학습의 관계를 수출성과에 연계하여 수출 중소기업 195개를 대상으로 실증분석을 시행했다. 구조방정식모형을 사용하여 경로분석을 시행했으며, 조절효과를 포함한 6개 가설을 검정했다. 분석결과 중소기업의 현지화 전략은 제품혁신 역량에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 반면 FTA 정보학습은 유의한 결과를 보여주지 못했다. 수출성과 선행요인으로 제품혁신 역량과 FTA 정보학습은 모두 유의한 결과를 보여주었다. 조절효과의 경우 현지화 전략과 FTA 정보학습은 제품혁신 역량에 유의한 조절효과를 나타내지 못했다. 반면 제품혁신 역량과 FTA 정보학습은 중소기업 수출성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.253-269
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• 2019

This study examines the utilization effect of FTA on the sales and profit of the secondary auto-part suppliers in two aspects: 1) firm-level survey on the utilization of FTA and 2) statistical inference on the FTA effects on their sales and profit. We use the GLS statistical technique, panel and survey data of 130 secondary auto-part suppliers in the Daegu and Kyungpook area in 2007-2016. The evidence shows that the secondary auto-part suppliers struggle to prepare documents for the FTA certificates of origin due to their small firm size, although they utilize the FTA at the relatively high rate of 92 percent. Statistical evidence shows that an increase in the export of the first vender significantly affects the sale of the secondary auto-part vendors, but not their profit. The low profit and high managing cost of utilizing the FTA deteriorate the utilization effect of the FTA of the secondary auto-part vendors, which is a key factor in a global supply chain and for the competitiveness of the automobile industry. Government policies are required for the secondary auto-part suppliers to utilize the FTA more effectively and share the benefits of tariff reduction with first auto-part vendors under FTA transaction.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2019

Purpose - Based on the Korea-China FTA as the starting point, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the main influencing factors of the FTA utilization and performance of SMEs. Design/methodology - Taking into account the relationship between the internal and external environmental factors on FTA activities and performance of Korea's SMEs, with PLS-SEM and data obtained by the questionnaire, Smart PLS was applied for the analysis. Findings - The recognition of FTA in SMEs has a significant positive effect on FTA utilization and performance, the international marketing orientation factor only has a significant positive effect on the performance, while the inadequate improvement of non-tariff barriers has a significant negative impact on FTA utilization. In addition, FTA activity has a significant mediation effect on two paths. Originality/value - This paper is of great practical relevance as a tool to enable SMEs to make effective utilization of Korea-China FTA and improve their imports and exports. The paper helps grasp the main factors affecting the utilization and performance of FTA for SMEs, also to establish FTA Business Model and FTA utilization plans for specific industries in the future regarding tariff and non-tariffs compatibility.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2022

Purpose - The policy implications of free trade agreements have traditionally been a matter of debate among economists. The official signing of the Korea-China Free Trade Agreement provides economists with a quasi-natural experiment to analyze the FTA's policy effects. This article aims to more accurately understand the impact of Korea's FTA accession on the macro economy. Design/methodology - This study adopts the counterfactual method based on panel data to find common factors in the generation process of macro data to fit the counterfactual path, to accurately evaluate the effect of the macro policy. Findings - Our research results show that the signing of the Korea-China FTA has a relatively significant short-term positive effect on Korea's economic growth. On average, Korea's real GDP growth rate has increased by 2.1%. This study finds evidence in support of FTA signing not having a significant impact on Korea's GDP growth in the long run. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of the FTA on Korea's imports and exports and found that it had a significant positive impact in the short term, but the trade effect of the FTA is significantly affected by the external macro-environment. Originality/value - First, this study uses macro panel data at the national level to examine the impact of the Korea-China FTA on Korea, and more accurately describes the policy effect of the FTA. Second, our empirical results show that the Korea-China FTA policy impact is subject to occasional changes in the external environment, such as the geopolitical conflict (crisis) between Korea and China, and the US-China trade war. Finally, the analysis shows that the short-term effect of FTA is significant but the long-term is uncertain, which provides empirical evidence for the debate on whether joining FTA can promote national economic growth.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction, which was launched on January 1, 2015. First, as a groundwork, this study reviewed trade creation and trade diversion by investigating all possible cases of both initial FTA and additional FTA. The review was done by using the simple model of three countries assuming FTA means elimination of tariff. The review suggested that additional FTA doesn't have any negative impact on import country's social welfare contrary to initial FTA. In additional FTA, Trade diversion could happen between FTA partner countries, but it always increases import country's social welfare. In this sense, it can be called favorable trade diversion. Second, this study analyzed the export effects of Korea-Canada FTA using Clausing's product level model based on Canadian government import data from Korea which is not open to the public. It turned out that Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction boosted Canadian import growth rate from Korea. On the other hand, Canadian import growth rate from rest of the world was not negatively affected by Korea-Canada FTA's tariff reduction. Rather, it increased as Canadian import growth rate from Korea was higher. These findings implied trade creation rather than trade diversion of Korea-Canada FTA when it comes to Korea's export to Canada.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.249-274
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• 2006

This study extensively investigated Japan's FTA strategy and plan of FTA policy and analyzed the economic effect caused by it. In the analysis of economic effect using world economical model shows not only positive economic effect in home country but also to the foreign country. Recently, Japan's bilateral relation with Korea and China is getting worse, not in a friendly way. Consequently Japan's future FTA negotiation will be expected to be focused on the East-Asia region. In other words, Japan expressed assistance for the purpose of communication, stability and prosperity in the East-Asia and will seek individual economic cooperation with each East-Asia country trying to reinforce the stand of Japan. This means that Japan is trying to improve the relation with Korea and China in the other way because it cannot change the relation with Korea and China on its own. That is to say, It can be interpreted as Japan is trying to reinforce the economic cooperation with other East-Asia countries for the realization of East Asia community rather than directly negotiating with Korea or China.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.509-535
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• 2010

This paper examines the Spaghetti bowl effect that different tariffs and rules of origin in multiple FTAs have resulted in increasing the significantly additional burden for business when it comes to apply for the use of FTA preference. The wide spread of FTAs in the several years, from 2003 to 2010, has been the most important trade policy development in economically important Korea. Korea presently has 5 FTAs in effect, and made 3 additional agreements which will be expected to take effect in next year. With the study result and expecting a growing number of FTAs in Korea in a next decade, the international trading firms will face rise of transaction costs for enterprises, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) to cope with multiple tariffs and rule of origins in FTAs. To help mitigate negative effects and facilitate a more SEMs to use the FTA preference, providing new computer programs system, increasing the awareness of FTA provisions, improving business participation in FTA consultations, and SME support in light of education, and financial support are needed.