• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2010

Line source method of borehole system assumes the entire surrounding medium is uniform. However, thermal properties of grouting region are considerably different from those of surrounding soil. In this study we investigate the effect of grouting materials on the solution of line source method with the aid of numerical analysis. This numerical model generates the temperature of borehole fluid with which line source solution can be obtained. Then this solution can be compared with input condition of numerical model. The results of this comparison show that thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance of line source solution are approximately 86% and 91% of the input condition of numerical model. Chart method is developed in this study to find the numerical input conditions (thermal conductivity and borehole thermal resistance) from the line source solution. Thermal response test of test borehole is conducted, the results of which are approximately consistent with the Chart method. Thermal property changes of grouting materials on the line source solution are also examined.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.2195-2201
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• 2009

This paper considers the influence of suction-line heat exchangers on the efficiency of a refrigeration cycle using hydrocarbon refrigerants such as R290, R600a and R1270. These suction-line heat exchangers can, in some cases, yield improved system performance while in other cases they degrade system performance. A steady state mathematical model is used to analyze the performance characteristics of refrigeration cycle with suction-line heat exchanger. The influence of operating conditions, such as the mass flowrate of hydrocarbon refrigerants, inner diameter tube and length of suction-line heat exchanger, to the performance of the cycle is also analyzed in the paper. Results showed that the mass flowrate of hydrocarbon refrigerants, inner diameter tube and length of suction-line heat exchanger, and effectiveness have an effect on the cooling capacity, compressor work and RCI(Relative Capacity Index) of this system. With a thorough grasp of these effect, it is necessary to design the compression refrigeration cycle of hydrocarbon refrigerants using suction-line heat exchanger.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.302-307
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• 2010

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal factors on body weight at hatching (day-old) and at six weeks of age in a commercial broiler line. A total of 6,765 records on body weight at day-old (BWTDO) and 115,421 records on body weight at six weeks of age (BWT6W), originated from a commercial broiler line during 14 generations, were used to estimate genetic parameters related to the effects of maternal traits on body weight of chicks immediately after hatch or six weeks thereafter. The data were analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood procedure (REML) and an animal model with DFREML software. Direct heritability ($h^{2}{_a}$), maternal heritability ($h^{2}{_m}$), and maternal environmental variance as the proportions of phenotypic variance ($c^{2}$) for body weight at day-old were estimated to be 0.050, 0.351, and 0.173, respectively. The respective estimated values for body weight at six weeks of age were 0.340, 0.022, and 0.030. The correlation coefficient between direct and maternal genetic effects for six-week-old body weight was found to be -0.335. Covariance components and genetic correlations were estimated using a bivariate analysis based on the best model determined by a univariate analysis. Between weights at hatching and at six week-old, the values of -0.07, 0.53 and 0.47 were found for the direct additive genetic variance, maternal additive genetic variance and permanent maternal environmental variance, respectively. The estimated correlation between direct additive genetic effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive maternal effect affecting weight at six weeks of age was -0.21, whereas the correlation value of 0.15 was estimated between direct additive maternal effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive genetic effect affecting weight at six-week-old. From the present findings, it can be concluded that the maternal additive genetic effect observed for weight at six weeks of age might be a factor transferred from genes influencing weight at hatch to weight at six-week-old.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.431-436
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• 2009

As the telecommunication lines bring into widespread use, one of the most important aspects related to power distribution systems is effectively to evaluate the effect on the telecommunication lines from power lines. One of the efficient methods to evaluate the effect is to measure the induced voltage of a telecommunication line as a result of a ground-loop. If the power lines cause high induced voltage, the ground reference in the telecommunication lines is no longer a stable potential, so signals may ride on the noise. A ground loop is common wiring conditions where a ground current may take more than one path to return to the grounding electrode at the arrangement between the power lines and telecommunication lines. When a multi-path connection between the power lines and telecommunication line circuits exists, the resulting arrangement is known as a ground loop. Whenever a ground loop exists, there are potential for damages or abnormal operations of the telecommunication lines. The power lines can induce the voltage on the communication line. The effects can be calculated by considering the inductances and capacitances. However, if we assume that there are only power lines, it doesn't have a practical meaning because there are conductors with other purpose in the neighborhood of the lines. If we consider that case, we need more complex system. Therefore we suggest more complex system considering the conductors with other purpose in the neighborhood of the lines. The neutral wires and the overhead ground wires are considered for calculating the induced voltage. We assume that there are the messenger wires beside the power line as a result of increased use of them. The main purpose of this paper is a study on a shielding effect of messenger wires in the distribution lines. EMTP(Electro-Magnetic Transients Program) program is used for the induced voltage calculation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.530-541
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• 2011

Objectives : Categorized as 'cheongyeol' herbs, Herba Prunellae, Flos Lonicerae and Radix Scutellaria have been proven to have effect on degenerative brain disease, cerebrovascular disease and brain tumor because of their anti inflammation, antioxidant, or anticancer effects. In this study, we studied activity against reactive oxygen species and anti inflammation effect of these three 'Cheongyeol' herbs. Methods : We measured each herb's yield of ethanol extracts, phenolic contents and activities against DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion. Also through 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, we measured antioxidant effect and NO activity of the three herbs. From the three herbs, we chose Prunella Herba, which showed the highest antioxidant effect, and studied its cell survival rate and anti inflammation effect through COX-2 and iNOS. Results : All three herbs showed significant results, and especially Prunella Herba showed significant effect on phenol contents, antioxidant effect on various active oxygen and antioxidant, and anti inflammation effect through cell line. Conclusions : Further study of the origin concept of 'cheongyeol' and research into specific mechanisms and role in treatment of cranial nerve disease, seems warranted.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.600-616
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of power blog self-presentation and on-line shopping mall reviews on the word of mouth (WOM) effect and apparel purchasing behavior. Consumers living in Seoul and Gyeonggi received questionnaires. There were 303 usable forms that could be analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and regression analysis. The results were as follows: There was a significant effect of power blog self-presentation such as interactivity, media effect, and business intention on information acceptance through WOM. Power blog self-presentation, such as interactivity and business intention, affect information delivery by WOM significantly. There was a significant effect of review consideration, such as agreement, usefulness, enjoyment, and purity, on information acceptance of WOM. Reviews describing enjoyment, purity, and usefulness affect information delivery of WOM significantly. Business intention, media effect, and purity directly affect apparel-purchasing behavior, and affect the WOM effect as a mediator variable and then purchasing behavior. Whereas, interactivity, overstatement, and enjoyment affect the WOM effect as a mediator variable, and then affect overall purchasing behavior. Therefore, fashion firms consider active interaction with power blog visitors and promote the way of enjoying with fun through review of apparel on-line shopping mall when they try to implement viral marketing with WOM effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.396-402
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of cotton fabric texture perceived between on-line(screening fabric) and off-line(real fabric), and to analyze fabric characteristics having an effect on the difference. The similarity of 55 various cotton fabrics perceived between on-line and on-line were measured showing simultaneously real fabrics and screening fabrics by 7-scale questionnaire. And the characteristics of cotton fabrics such as weave structure, thickness, weight, fabric density, stiffness, Hunter's L, a, b, and hue were measured. Cotton fabrics were classified into 3 groups by extent of similarity. There were no significant differences in weft density, stiffness, Hunter's L, a, b, and hue among 3 groups. But there were significant differences in weave structure, thickness, weight, warp density, and difference of warp ＆ weft density. The fabrics having large similarity were thick and heavy, had small warp density and difference of warp ＆ weft density, and distinct surface texture. The group having medium similarity included fabrics of medium thickness and weight, having weak surface texture, large warp density and difference of warp ＆ weft density. The group having small similarity, which the differences between on-line and off-line were large, included thin and light fabrics having smooth surface and large warp density and difference of warp ＆ weft density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.3 s.35
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• pp.183-195
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• 1990

The author has studied the effect of clothes design to mask the dorsal curvature that is one of the commonest changes in elderly women. Body measurements including the body type and the status of dorsal curvature were perfor-med on 153 women of over 60 years of age, and then a body form to fit to the mean measure-ments was made to evaluate the effects of various designs to it. With 31 pattern designs modified by changing in their slash lines and gathers using darts, the diminishing effect of the rounded back were evaluated by means of sensory test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: I . Results from the body measurements 1) The mean body type in elderly women was that of obesity. 2) With the advancement of age, the angle to indicate the degree of dorsal curvature as well as the angle to indicate the posture are increased. II . Concerning to the clothes design to diminish the shape of dorsal curvature 1) Among the designs by the position of darts, the basic pattern (Fig. 5-1-(1)) showed the best effect to mask the shape of dorsal curvature. 2) Out of the applied designs of princess lines, that in which the slash line is pointing toward the shoulder point (Fig. 5-2-(1)) seemed to be most effective. 3) What has angled princess line (Fig. 5-3-(1)) had the most diminishing effect among the waist darts and armhole princess lines. 4) Among the V-shaped designs, the slashed at the shoulder point (Fig. 5-4-(1)) had the best effect to lessen the shape of the dorsal cuuature. 5) Wider angle yoke had better effect to the narrow angle one among the designs with straight yoke, and that with downward direction (Fig. 5-5-(1)) showed the best effect. 6) Between straight wide angle yoke and curved yoke, that of curved one with downward direction (Fig. 5-6-(1)) had better effect as far as the masking effect of dorsal curvature is concerned. 7) Gathers around the neck showed better effect to those around the shoulder, and the more amount of gathers (Fig. 5-7-(1)), there was better effect. 8) The design with midline gathers at the level of horizontal slash line of armhole (Fig. 5-8-(1)) showed better effect to that with seperated gathers. 9) In case of design with gathers at the horizontal line of armhole, it showed the better effect with less amount of gathers in midline ones, but with more amount in the side ones. 10) Considering all 7 different designs with better effect in covering the shape of dorsal curvature, it was evident that the design with gathers was far better than the design with application of slash lines.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.960-966
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• 2002

Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae (JGD) has sweet in flavour and slightly cold in property, acting on the liver and pericardium channels. This drug was described in a medical classic as having the ability to remove 'heat', check hyperfunction of the liver and relieve dizziness, tremors, and convulsions, and subdue 'endogenous wind'. So this study was estimated to check the anti-neuropathological effect of JGD on the Alzheimer in βAPP overexpression in neuroblastoma cell line and JGD extract was showed significantly anti-alzheimer effects (50 and 100 μg/㎖ of JGD extracts) compared with control group. Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae has anti-alzheimer effects on the βAPP overexpression in neuroblastoma cell line. So we expect that Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae may be used as a drug for neurodegenerative disease, such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD). These results indicate that Ramulus et Uncus Uncariae possess strong inhibitory effect in the nervous system of apoptosis and repair effect against the degeneration of Neuroblastoma cells by βAPP expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.658-662
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• 2001

The classification of surface flaw types was performed on the basis of angular dependence of backscattered ultrasound. The copper line adhered on the surface, cower line filled in groove, pure groove and the normal edge were adopted as various surface flaw patterns of glass specimen. A backward longitudinal profile was formed probably by the longitudinal wane scattering at and near 1st critical angle. The wave trains at the peak angles of the backward radiation profiles showed different shapes according to the superposition ratio of scattered and leaky waves. The asymmetry of the backward radiation profile arose due to the scattering effect of flaw. The additive resonance effect of copper line appeared in the left side of the profile. The peak angles of both the longitudinal and radiation profiles were shifted toward small angle by the scattering effect.