• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2004

The dietary habits of middle-aged obese, overweight and normal subjects were evaluated for the purpose of providing the background information of the degenerative disease control. A survey was conducted with 293 subjects (121 males and 172 females) between the ages 40-64 and they were divided into three groups of normal (BMI 18.5-22.9), overweight (BMI 23-24.9) and obese ($BMI\geq25$) based on the criteria of Korean Obesity Association (2000). The mean age of the subjects was $52.0\pm7.3(male)\;and\;51.9\pm6.9$ (female). Socioeconomic levels of subjects belong to the mid-upper class, since 71.9% of the males and 39.5% of the females received above a college education. More than 40% (44.6%) of males and 22.1% of females were obese, and educational background did not affect the obesity rate in males, whereas in females those who received lower education had a higher rate of obesity (p ＜ 0.001). The subjects had a similar degree of drinking to the national average value. but had a lower degree of smoking. The obese group had the higher rate of drinking (p ＜ 0.01) and smoking (p ＜ 0.01). The annual increase in weight, more than 4 kg, was 8.8% for normal group and 30.9% for obese group. However, there were no differences in the mean annual increase in weight among the three groups. In females there were greater tendencies of weight changes in obese group (p ＜ 0.05). About 44.9% of subjects responded that they were exercising regularly, and the obese group appeared to put into practice less than the other groups and to use more strenuous exercise. There was the greater rate of skipping dinner in the obese female group (p ＜ 0.05). The unbalanced dietary pattern was found more with normal group than the other groups (p ＜ 0.01). The food consumption frequency by food groups was not different among the groups. The obese group consumed less frequently meats, vegetables and fruits and had higher frequency in fish, legumes and their products, instant or fast food. In all subjects the higher rate of obesity was found with males than females and with those of heavier smoking and drinking, and in females the higher rate of obesity was found with lower education levels, skipping meals and having an unbalanced diet. In middle-aged subjects of this study with higher educational and socioeconomic background factors contributing to the effects of obesity may include smoking, drinking, educational background, skipping meals or unbalanced dietary pattern. The predictable characteristics for the development of obesity can be defined as sudden fluctuation of weights, exercise regularity and intakes of vegetables and fruits.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 2014

With the development of information and communications technologies, there have been increasing cases of services and use free educational materials in educational field through the Web. However, as most of the materials are provided in a finished form via the Web services, teachers are in a situation where they have difficulty in using the materials through development or revision according to their educational goals. In this background, this study aimed to develop requirements and functions necessary for the educational contents development tools by having teachers as actual users develop contents using existing tools of the educational contents development. As a result, this study developed 10 requirements, including intuitive interface environment, support for various multimedia materials, and diversification of output versions etc. Also, the study suggested 13 functions, including links with external resources, automatic format conversion function, usage and editing of existing documents, writing learner's answers, and hiding function etc.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-114
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• 2018

This study was conducted to review the educational reform of the Moon Jae-In government, to analyze the its issues, and to suggest the tasks for the successful reform at the time since the government of Moon Jae-In was launched just over a year old. To attain the aim, we first examine the characteristics of the Moon Jae-In government, who emerged as a candlelight revolution, and what it means in terms of educational politics perspective. Under this background, this study examined the direction, contents, and implementation method of education reform policy of the Moon Jae-In government. And the study discussed what are the major issues raised in the direction and contents, implementation method of education reform, and what are the future challenges for resolving such issues. In conclusion, based on the discussions of the issues and tasks of the education policy, in order to implement the new educational system in the future, the Moon Jae-In government should take into consideration the discourses related to vision and direction, educational policy to embody them. The results of this study are expected to give an opportunity to examine the direction, content and implementation of policy in the early stage of the government.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.668-675
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• 2022

Background Educational resources on the internet are extensively used to obtainmedical information. YouTube is the most accessed video platform containing information to enhance the learning experience of medical professionals. This study systematically analyzed the educational value of microsurgery-related videos on this platform. Methods A systematic review was conducted on YouTube from April 18 to May 18, 2020, using the following terms: "microsurgery," "microsurgical," "microsurgical anastomosis," "free flap," and "free tissue transfer." The search was limited to the first 100 videos, and two independent reviewers screened for eligible entries and analyzed their educational value using validated scales, including a modified version of the DISCERN score (M-DISCERN), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMAS) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Evaluation of video popularity was also assessed with the video power index (VPI). Results Of 356 retrieved videos, 75 (21%) were considered eligible. The educational quality of videos was highly variable, and the mean global scores for the M-DISCERN, JAMAS, and GQS for our sample were consistent with medium to low quality. Conclusions A limited number of videos on YouTube for microsurgical education have high-educational quality. The majority scored low on the utilized criteria. Peer-reviewed resources seem to be a more reliable resource. Although the potential of YouTube should not be disregarded, videos should be carefully appraised before being usedas an educational resource.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.25.1-25.12
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• 2023

Background: In Korea, little research has focused on the relationship between discrimination in the workplace and sleep health. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between such discriminatory experiences and insomnia, a common sleep disorder, using Korean employees' data. Methods: This study used data from the 6th Korea Working Conditions Survey. Discrimination experiences due to age, ethnic background, nationality, race, sex, religion, disability, sexual orientation, educational level, hometown, and employment status were investigated. The Minimal Insomnia Symptom Scale estimated insomnia symptoms. The association between discrimination experience and insomnia symptoms were analyzed using survey-weighted logistic regression analysis. Results: Based on experiences of discrimination over the past 12 months, insomnia symptoms were associated with discrimination experience due to religion (odds ratio [OR]: 3.70; 95% confidential interval [CI]: 1.58-8.69), sex (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.87-3.37), age (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.88-2.81), hometown (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.44-2.97), employment status (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.37-2.10), and educational level (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.31-2.14). Furthermore, the prevalence of insomnia symptoms increased with the number of discrimination experiences. Conclusions: In this study, discrimination experiences due to religion, sex, age, hometown, employment status, and educational level were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. Furthermore, as the number of discrimination experiences increased, so did the prevalence of insomnia. Preventing workplace discrimination may improve workers' sleep health.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.623-634
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• 1994

Although the average menopausal age has not changed, women's life span has increased. Today's women live longer after their menopause than those in the past, and this calls for attention in both nursing and medical fields. Many studies have revealed how women reacted to menopause and suffered from it. But they did not discriminate the menopausal meaning and effects from the climacteric phenomena. So, this author tried to clarify what menopause itself meant to the climacteric women, by means of grounded theory methodology. The interviewees were 21 women, whose ages were between 46 and 60 years. They were selected by theoretical sampling technique, and the author tried to include all levels of important variables such as age, educational background, religion and job. Data were collected by the author through in -depth interviews and observations in July, 1994. The interviews were mostly done in the homes of the subjects, or in some cases at the author's office or in a hospital. Interviews took from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed later by a research assistant. Data were analyzed as gathered, by the constant comparative method proposed by Strauss and Corbin. Eleven concepts were discovered from the data, and they were grouped under six higher order categories. These six categories were "to give menopause a meaning", "to experience value change", "to have self-help strategies", "to have no strategies", "to live a life worth living", "to have a sense of powerlessness" Among these "to experionce value change" was . selected as the core category. Five major categories were systematically integrated around the core category. Women's adaptation to menopause was defined as proceeding as follows : Most women felt relief and sorrow at the same time when they faced menopause, and some only sorrow or agony. Then, they consulted with others about menopausal symptoms, or tried to think of them by themselves. Finally, they gave menopause a meaning, which was that menopause and its symptoms were natural phenomena. But menopause made women reflect on them-selves and their past lives. As they reflected on themselves, their value on life began to change. As their value changed, some women seeked self help strategies. Those self help strategies were what they had learned from collegues, professionals or mass media. The quality of their lives depended on whether they practiced self help strategies or not. Three types of lives were found. Twelve women enjoyed a life worth living, and practiced the self help strategies, because they accepted menopause a chance to change. They were characterized by a high educational level, having a professional job and a sincere faith in God. Seven women were living as usual, because they did not have the necessity to change. They were high school graduates and house wives. Two women recognized menopause a chance to change, but they did not try self help strategies. Their characteristic was low educational level. Those who did not try self help strategies complained of powerlessness to varying degrees. The educational background, full-time jobs and faith helped women adapt to menopause positively. But social support was not helpful to women's adaptation to menepause. Three hypotheses were derived from the analysis. (1) The higher the educational level, the more theneed to change. (2) Women with higher educational background will practice self help strategies more than those with lower edcational background. (3) The more women practice self help strategies, the worthier lives they will live. Suggestions for further studies are as follows. (1) Studies to test hypotheses are needed. (2) A study to find the relationship between the degree of practicing self help strategies and locus of control. (3) Spiritual approaches would better be applied to help menopausal women. (4) Education through mass media should be given mere frequently.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.215-225
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• 2010

This study had the purpose of presenting a residential environment solution as a desirable educational environment for middle school students to grow soundly and to achieve proper self-realization while providing basic materials to build up a suitable residential environment by comparing and analyzing what relationships exist between different home backgrounds, residential environments and middle school students' social maturity. This research was conducted from Feb. 11, 2008 to Feb. 13, 2008. The subject of this research was 601 students in 3 middle schools located in Gyunggi-do. The data analyzed used the SPSS 11.5 version. The summary of this study's results is as follows. First, in terms of home background, the higher the parents' educational background and social and economic position, the greater the students' social maturity. Second, in terms of home environment, the more spacious the living space, the better the water and sewage system and rest room, the more convenient the air conditioner and kitchen system, the better the lighting, ventilation, soundproofness, insulation, the less the danger in relation to fire, crime, traffic accidents, disaster, the greater the students' social maturity. Third, in terms of the home environment related to the correlation between the residential environment and social maturity, all areas such as housing facilities, housing structural environment and housing safety showed static correlations and proved that the residential environment has an important influence on social maturity. Accordingly, in order to build up an ideal residential environment, we should make efforts to expand and improve better facilities at home considering privacy, lighting, ventilation, soundproofness, heating etc. and remove unsound factors that obstruct students social maturity and build up clean and safe residential environment with good relations with their neighbors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.87-95
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• 2016

International volunteering in education is one of activities in volunteering. Volunteers have been recognizing that educational activities play an important role in volunteering. Recently, there is an increase of participants and various supports for educational volunteering in South Korea. However, regardless of the essential meanings in which activities commonly attempt for deriving local sources in terms of human and resources, many participants in volunteering take advantages of their own purposes and providing their supports in terms of a mercy. This study asserts that this situation comes from the lack of theoretical understanding of volunteering. Therefore, this study realizes a need of providing a theoretical background and purports to suggest it for international volunteering in education. It is the critical pedagogy. Critical pedagogy tries to deconstruct false-consciousness of the oppressed through education. And, it emphasizes that people could have autonomy and self-directed sovereignty. Accordingly, critical pedagogy should be a theoretical background of activities for deriving human's autonomous consciousness and their own resources. Thus, it might be a theoretical background for international volunteering in education.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2015

Background In all branches of medicine, it is the surgeon's responsibility to provide the patient with accurate information before surgery. This is especially important in cosmetic surgery because the surgeon must focus on the aesthetic results desired by the patient. Methods An experimental protocol was developed based on an original questionnaire given to 72 patients. The nature of the responses, the patients' motivation and expectations, the degree of patient awareness regarding the planned operation, and the patients' perceptions of the purpose of the required consent for cosmetic surgery were all analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Results Candidates for abdominal wall surgery had significantly more preoperative psychological problems than their counterparts did (P=0.035). A significantly different percentage of patients under 40 years of age compared to those over 40 years of age searched for additional sources of information prior to the operation (P=0.046). Only 30% of patients with a lower educational background stated that the preoperative information had been adequate, whereas 92% of subjects with secondary schooling or a postsecondary degree felt that the information was sufficient (P=0.001). A statistically significant difference was also present between patients according to their educational background regarding expected improvements in their quality of life postoperatively (P=0.008). Conclusions This study suggests that patients require more attention in presurgical consultations and that clear communication should be prioritized to ensure that the surgeon understands the patient's expectations.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.113-123
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• 2024

Objective: The study analyzed the awareness of physical therapists regarding correct breathing methods and the effect of breathing training on patients. Design: A cross-sectional survey study. Methods: Physical therapists who agreed to participate in the study, held a license as a physical therapist, and had training or experience in breathing were included as subjects. A total of 136 questionnaires were collected, out of which 129 were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items, divided into several sections covering awareness of breathing methods, breathing and muscles, breathing and mind, breathing and movement, perception of mouth breathing and nose breathing, experience applying respiration as a treatment, perception of breathing and treatment, awareness of breathing and pain, awareness of breathing and chronic diseases and prevention, perceptions related to breathing and sleep, and educational background. Results: The study found that most therapists were aware of diaphragmatic breathing, but not Lamaze breathing. 76.7% claimed to that there is a correct breathing method, and the majority were aware of the reasons for correct breathing. The majority believed in the therapeutic effect of breathing, with core exercise breathing training being the most commonly used in therapy. 81.7% of therapists had taught a specific breathing method to a patient, and diaphragmatic breathing was the most provided treatment. There was no significant difference in perception according to clinical experience, but there was a significant difference in perception according to educational background. Conclusions: The study provided clinical background on Physical Therapists' belief on correct breathing method, and uses of breathing training during treatment. The results suggest there is a need for a coherent education on breathing method and techniques among Physical Therapists.