• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

This study was carried out to obtain basic information for gene manipulation in potent edible tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. TI 516). N. tabacum cv. TI 516 is a plant for a possible candidate to use as an edible vaccine, since it contains a low level of nicotine. The effective plant regeneration system through leaf disc culture was achieved using a MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1 mg $1^{-1}$ NAA and 0.5 mg $1^{-1}$ BA. In order to transform the N. tabacum cv. TI 516 with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404 containing the GFP gene was used. Genomic PCR confirmed the integration of the GFP gene into nuclear genome of transgenic plants. Expression of the GFP gene was identified in callus, apical meristem and root tissue of transgenic N. tabacum cv. TI 516 plants using fluorescence microscopy. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of GFP protein in the transgenic edible tobacco plants. The amount of GFP protein detected in the transgenic tobacco plants was approximately 0.16% of the total soluble plant protein (TSP), which was determined by ELISA.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.186-189
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• 2003

Helicobacter pylori is the etiologic agent of human gastritis and peptic ulceration and produces urease as the major protein component on its surface. H. pylori urease is known to serve as a potent immunogen as well as major virulence factor. In order to express the recombinant urease in tobacco plants, a DNA fragment containing the minimal H. pylori urease gene cluster was subcloned into a plant expression vector. The recombinant vector was transformed to tobacco plants. The integration of the recombinant plasmids into tobacco chromosomal genome was verified by genomic PCR. Expression to mRNA was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, and expression to recombinant urease protein was observed by Western blot analysis. These results showed that the recombinant urease can be produced in tobacco plants and will be tested for immune response to use as an edible vaccine.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 1998

A rapid separation of an edible panaxadiol (PD) and panaxatriol (PT) in ginseng saponins has been investigated by benzene ethylene resin adsorption method. Briefly, powdered red ginseng was extracted with water. The obtained ginseng extract were dissolved in suitable volume of distilled water, and adsorbed on the benzene ethylene resin with 200 folds water of the resin weight. Sugars and hydrophilic character compounds not absorbed were washed with water, and eliminated by 10-fold water of the resin weight. An edible panaxadiol and panaxatriol can be perfectly separated from ginseng saponins with the fractions below 40% aqueous ethanol and over 45% as an fluent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2003

Quality stability of the herb pill coated with edible oils containing rosemary was investigated. Herb pills were made of herb powders such as Panax ginseng, Cinnamomum cassia, Lycium chinense, Zyzyphus jujuba and Zingiber officinale. Rapeseed oil and lubriol were used as edible coating oil. After herb pills coated with edible oils with or without rosemary were stored at $40^{\circ}C$ for 180 days, the microbial viable cell counts and peroxide values(POV) of the herb pill were investigated. After 180 day storage, POVs of herb pills with only rapeseed oil or lubriol were 0.51 and 0.49 meq/kg, respectively. However, when rosemary was added in herb pills the POVs were decreased to 0.30 and 0.39 meq/kg, respectively. The addition of rosemary to the rapeseed oil and lubriol tended to decrease the microbial viable cell counts of the herb pill. The microbial viable cell counts of rapeseed oil and lubriol were 940 and 820CFU/g, respectively after 180 days of storage. However, these levels were suppressed to 720 and 640CFU/g by the resemary addition. On the other hand, the ginseng saponin content of herb pills was not affected by the rosemary addition during storage.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 2003

A lectin named AAL has been purified from the fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita. AAL consisted of two identical subunits of 15.8 kDa, its pI was about 3.8 determined by isoelectric focusing, and no carbohydrate was discerned. Being treated by pyrogultamate aminopeptidase, the blocked N-terminus of AAL was sequenced as QGVNIYNI. AAL agglutinated human and animal erythrocytes regardless of blood type or animal species. Its hemagglutinating activity was unaffected by acid or alkali treatment and demetalization or addition of divalent metals $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$. AAL was toxic to mice: its LD50 was 15.85 mg per kilogram body weight by intraperitoneal injection. In this study, two novel activities of AAL were proved. It showed inhibition activity to infection of tobacco mosaic virus on Nicotiana glutinosa. The result of IEF suggested that AAL attached to TMV particles. Mycelia differentiation promotion was the other interesting activity. AAL promoted the differentiation of fruit body primordia from the mycelia of Agrocybe aegerita and Auricularia polytricha. AAL antiserum was prepared and immunologically cross-reactived with several proteins from five other kinds of mushrooms. These results suggested that AAL probably was a representative of a large protein family, which plays important physiological roles in mushroom.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2005

Plants have considerable advantages for the production of antigenic proteins because they provide an inexpensive source of protein and an easy administration of vaccine. Since a publication describing edible plant vaccine of HBsAg in 1992, a number of laboratories around the world have studied the use of plants as the bioreactor to produce antigenic proteins of human or animal pathogens. Over the last ten years, these works have been mainly focused on three major strategies for the production of antigenic proteins in plants: stable genetic transformation of either the nuclear or plastid genome, or transient expression in plants using viral vectors. As many antigenic proteins have been expressed in tobacco, also several laboratories have succeeded to express genes encoding antigenic proteins in other crop plants: potato, tomato, maize, carrot, soybean and spinach. At present many works for the production of edible plant vaccine against bacteria-mediated diseases have mostly performed the studies of enterotoxins and adhesion proteins. Also the development of new-type antigens (pili, flagella, surface protein, other enterotoxin and exotoxin etc.) is required for various targets and more efficacy to immunize against microorganism pathogens. Many works mostly studied in experimental animals had good results, and phase I clinical trial of LTB clearly indicated its immunogenic ability. On the other hand, edible plant vaccines have still problems remained to be solved. In addition to the accumulation of sufficient antigen in plants, human health, environment and agriculture regulation should be proven. Also oral tolerance, the physiological response to food antigens and commensal flora is the induction of a state of specific immunological unresponsiveness, needs to be addressed before plant-derived vaccine becomes a therapeutic option.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2018

Chinese artichoke (Stachys sieboldii Miq.) belongs to herbaceous perennial plants of Labiatea and is cultivated as edible and medicinal crops in China, Japan and Korea. A Chinese artichoke plant showing virus-like symptoms was collected in Chungju, Korea. Plant sap of the sample was inoculated in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, Chenopodium quinoa and Chenopodium amaranticolor. Necrotic local lesions were observed in the inoculated leaves of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc and C. amaranticolor, C. quinoa with systemic chlorotic spots and mosaic symptoms on the upper leaves. The disease reactions on indicator plants suggested that the collected Chinese artichoke sample was mixed-infected with different viruses. We detected three viruses by RT-PCR analysis using genus- and species-specific primer sets for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). This study is the first report of a mixed infection of three viruses in Chinese artichoke in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2010

Cultural characteristics Lecanicillium lecani Btab01 and its insecticidal activity against tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) were investigated. On potato dextrose agar, tryptic soy agar and SDA+Y media, mycelial growth of L. lecani Btab01 was best at $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ and suppressed above $28^{\circ}C$. Both solid culture and liquid culture of L. lecani Btab01 showed high insecticidal activity, 93.9 and 98.3% respectively, against nymph of tobacco whitefly, but there is no significant difference. When culture of L. lecani Btab01 was treated at the concentration of $10^5$, $10^6$, $10^7$ and $10^8$ cfu/ml, their insecticidal activity were 5.8%, 33.8%, 77.3% and 98.5% respectively, and $LT_{50}$ values were 16.1 days, 7.3 days, 5.1 days and 3.5 days respectively. When nymphs were treated by the cultures of L. lecani Btab01 and maintained under saturated condition for zero hour, 24 hours and 168 hours, their control activities were 0%, 20.3% and 100% respectively. Spore germination of L. lecani Btab01 was increased about two times by adding edible oil. When L. lecani Btab01 was treated to control nymph with 0.1% edible oil, it showed high control activity(98.6%) compared to single treatment of L. lecani Btab01 (79.9%).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2003

Field application of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpncapsae, is limited by its susceptibility to UV irradiation and desiccation especially at leaf spray control. This study was conducted to develop the control technique using alginate biocapsulation of the nematodes against the beet armyworm, Spodoprera exigua and the tobacco cutworm, Sp. litura that are normally infesting hosts above ground level. The alginate capsules including infective juveniles gave significant feeding toxicities to the larvae of the two lepidopteran species. The lethality followed a typical sigmoid dose-mortality pattern with increase of the nematode densities embedded in the capsules. Moisture content in the capsule was critical to the survival of the infective juveniles. More than 80% nematodes could survive above 10% moisture content remained in the capsule. Remaining moisture content within the capsule was dependent on relative humidity, ambient temperature, and capsule size, but not on citric acid reaction time during capsule formation. More than 80% of infective juveniles in the alginate capsules could survive in distilled water at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. When these nematode capsules containing welsh onion extract as another phagostimulant were applied on the 3rd instar larvae of Sp. exigua infesting peanut plants, they resulted in about 90% control efficacy. These results indicate that the alginate capsulation can be used for leaf-spray agent of the entomopathogenic nematodes as well as for improved storage purpose.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.2 s.35
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• pp.89-98
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• 1978

A study on the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) affecting economic crops in Korea was undertaken to know the distribution of the nemic fauna. Total 66 samples were taken from soil and root of 24 host plants at different localities in 4 provinces. Four Meloidogyne species such as Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica were identified and some morphological characteristics were described. One of these, Meloidogyne javanica was reported newly in Korea from Horticultural Experimental Station, Suweon, Gyeong Gi on potato, Geomsadong, Daegu on chinese cabbage, Sangeogdong, Daegu, Gyeong Bug on violet and Choeumri, Namhae, Gyeong Nam on pumpkin. In Jae Ju province, Meloidogyne incognita was only found except the other three species. The most common and widely distributed Meloidogyne species in Korea is Meloidogyne hapla by $50\%$ in total, next Meloidogyne incognita $33.3\%$ Meloidogyne arenaria $10.6\%$ Meloidogyne javanica $6.0\%$ in turn, The root-knot nematodes infected the most severely in Jae Ju province and Gyeong Nam, Gyeong Bug and Gyeong Gi province in turn. Twenty four plants were attacked by root-knot nematodes among them important economic crops are soybean, peanut, potato, tomato, cucumber, carrot, pumpkin, wateremelon, edible burdock, pepper, eggplant, cabbage, lettuce and tobacco in Korea.