• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2006

Purpose : To observe the effect of retention enema therapy Gamihongdeung-tang on experimentally induced endometriosis. Methods : Rats with surgically induced endometriosis were administered in Gamihongdeung-tang rectally. After treatment for 40 days, the serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$),　interleukin(IL)-2,　IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the treated group was much smaller than that in the control group. The concentration of estradiol was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The IL-4, IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the experimental groups than the control groups. TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-2 levels were lower and IL-10 level was higher in the experimental groups than in the control groups but the difference was not significent. The progesterone level was similar in the experimental and control group. Conclusion : These results indicate that Retention enema therapy with Gamihongdeung-tang reduces the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibits the growth of ectopic uterine implants. This suggests that retention enema therapy with Gamihongdeung-tang is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1095-1099
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• 2007

Endonuclease G (EndoG) is a mitochondrial non-specific nuclease that is highly conserved among the eukaryotes. Although the precise role of EndoG in mitochondria is not yet known, the enzyme is released from the mitochondria and digests nuclear DNA during apoptosis in mammalian cells. Schizosaccharomyces pombe has an EndoG homolog Pnu1p (previously named SpNuc1) that is produced as a precursor protein with a mitochondrial targeting sequence. During the sorting into mitochondria the signal sequence is cleaved to yield the functionally active endonuclease. From the analogy to EndoG, active extramitochondrial Pnu1p may trigger cell killing by degrading nuclear DNA. Here, we tested this possibility by expressing a truncated Pnu1p lacking the signal sequence in the extramitochondrial region of pnu1-deleted cells. The truncated Pnu1p was localized in the cytosol and nuclei of yeast cells. And ectopic expression of active Pnu1p led to cell death with fragmentation of nuclear DNA. This suggests that the Pnu1p is possibly involved in a certain type of yeast cell death via DNA fragmentation. Although expression of human Bak in S. pombe was lethal, Pnu1p nuclease is not necessary for hBak-induced cell death.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2006

Background: Caveolin-1 is a principal component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Although expression of caveolae structure and expression of caveolin family, caveolin-1, -2 and -3, was known in chondrocytes, the functional role of caveolae and caveolins in chondrocytes remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of caveolin-1 in articular chondrocytes. Methods: Rabbit articular chondrocytes were prepared from cartilage slices of 2-week-old New Zealand white rabbits by enzymatic digestion. Caveolin-1 cDNA was transfected to articular chondrocytes using LipofectaminePLUS. The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels were determined by immunoblot analysis, immunostaining, immunohistochemistry, and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ assay was used to measure the COX-2 activity. Results: Ectopic expression of caveolin-1 induced COX-2 expression and activity, as indicated by immunoblot analysis and $PGE_2$ assay. And also, overexpression of caveolin-1 stimulated activation of p38 kinase and ERK-1/-2. Inhibition of p38 kinase and ERK-1/-2 with SB203580 and PD98059, respectively, led to a dose-dependent decrease COX-2 expression and $PGE_2$ production in caveolin-1-transfected cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our data suggest that ectopic expression of caveolin-1 contributes to the expression and activity of COX-2 in articular chondrocytes through MAP kinase pathway.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.72-75
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• 2015

Cerebral palsy is one of the most common disabilities of childhood, which affects movement and co-ordination. Individuals with cerebral palsy are susceptible to traumatic dental injuries. High occurrence of Class II malocclusion with prominent maxillary incisors appears to increase risk of trauma. However, due to fear of behavior management and lack of cooperation, clinicians have avoided orthodontic treatment in cerebral palsy patients. This case report demonstrates that modified rapid maxillary expansion can be used as a simple and effective method to correct ectopic eruption of maxillary incisor in cerebral palsy patient.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.446-452
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• 1999

Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar means the first permanent molar assumes an atypical path of eruption resulting in premature atypical resorption of the second primary molar. If the reversible eruption does not occur, early loss of the second primary molars results in space loss, mesial tipping of the first permanent molar, impaction of the second premolar, buccal segment crowding and overeruption of opposing tooth. The main objectives of treatment are (1) to prevent loss of the second deciduous molars so it can continue to serve as a space maintainer and (2) to regain lost arch length, allowing the second premolar to erupt into normal position. The optimal treatment approach depends on a number of factors including the clinical eruption status of /6/, the change in position of /6/, the amount of enamel ledge of /E/ entrapping /6/, the mobility of /E/, and the presence of pain or infection. Unilateral appliance to correct the mesial angulation of ectopic permanent first molars, as in the majority of the appliance designs, would produce a resultant force that would further enhance the space loss. A bilateral support similar to the holding arch design is recommended to maximize the anchorage. These case reports present the successful result of preserving space for the second premolar in treatment of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar using Halterman appliance with bilateral anchorage on patients visiting department of pediatric dentistry in Samsung Medical Center.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.802-804
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• 2007

Although intrathoracic liver in association with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia has been well documented, the finding of intrathoracic ectopic liver tissue in the presence of an intact diaphragm is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. We have experienced a case of intrathoracic ectopic liver without any diaphragmatic hernia. A 37-year-old woman was admitted for the treatment of an incidentally detected right lung mass, A chest computed tomography scan revealed a right lower lobe lung mass close to the diaphragm, and this was suspicious for bronchial carcinoid tumor. Upon surgery, 2 round solid masses $3.5{\times}3.5 cm$ and a $2.0{\times}2.0 cm$ in size were noted, with their bottoms attached to the diaphragm dome. The masses were completely resected. Histologically, they were confirmed to be intrathoracic ectopic livers. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.535-539
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• 2000

Ectopic eruption of a tooth into the oral environment occurs commonly whereas ectopic eruption of a tooth into other sites is rare. Those that have been reported include the nasal cavity, chin, mandibular condyles, coronoid processes, orbits and maxillary sinus. The etiologic factors of ectopic eruption are developmental disturbances such as cleft palate and teeth displaced by trauma or cysts, maxillary infection, genetic factors, crowding and exceptionally dense bone. In many cases, however, the etiology cannot be identified. Eruption of the teeth into the maxillary sinus is uncommon, however the identification of such teeth can be important since they have the potential to cause considerable morbidity. The definitive treatment is surgical removal of the teeth. A 7 year-old-boy visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University for treatment of dental caries. The abnormal erupting paths of the left and right maxillary canines were found during routine panoramic radiographic investigations. A panoramic radiograph taken at 13 years old revealed that two maxillary canines were located into the sinus. The teeth were extracted by the Caldwell-Luc approach.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.438-443
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• 2000

Ectopic eruption should be understood as a change in the course of the normal eruption path of a dental bud at any moment its origin. An example of this alteration is the dental transposition, a rare and more specific dental anomaly that may be defined as a change of position between two teeth. This case shows ectopic eruption of transposed mandibular lateral incisor beneath primary first molar at the first transitional period of the mixed dentition The crown of the lateral incisor has tipped distally, compelling root resorption and exfoliation of the adjacent primary cuspid and primary first molar. The reason for such eruption is not clearly understood, but it may involve; (1)trauma history, (2)prolonged retention of the deciduous teeth, (3)premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth, and (4)genetic factor. Treatment is divided into interceptive and definitive treatment. Ectopically erupting mandibular incisor tends to become transposed with the adjacent cuspid and thus seems to warrant early orthodontic intervention. Early treatment may obviate later extraction or transposition of the incisor and canine in the permanent dentition. Timing is an important factor to be considered regarding in the correction of the lateral incisor transposition. This case advocates treatment with an active orthodontic therapy at the early stage of the mixed dentiton, before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.23 no.10 s.197
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• pp.827-827
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• 1985

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.23 no.11 s.198
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• pp.917-917
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• 1985