• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

Understanding farmer household and community management of crop diversity is necessary in order to effectively strengthen the local plant genetic resources management system in Vietnam, Assessment and management for distribution of farmer's cultivars of rice, taro and tropical tree species were conducted in four different agro-ecological zones in Vietnam using participatory approaches, focus surveys, diversity fairs, agro-morphological field trials, isozyme analysis to understand why Vietnamese farmers grow diverse types of these crop cultivars, when and where these crops cultivars are grown and how farmers maintain and use them. Results showed significant differences in the extent, distribution and use pattern crop cultivars diversity in contrasting environments and between community farmer households. Seed system is an important role in the access and use of diversity in eco-geographical regions.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-57
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• 2010

This article deals with an ecological-economic analysis of the 'Pasture Project of Kum River', which is the farming plan of mitten crabs using Jichun, a stream of the River Kum where the natural propagation of mitten crabs are blocked because of the estuary dam constructed in 1990. Toward analyzing the ecological and economic effects of the crab releasing and harvesting activities in Jichun, a two-stage cohort model of population dynamics with cannibalistic behaviors and density restrictions in biomathematics is adopted, despite of the current infertility in Kum, considering the opportunity of establishing dam fishways in the near future. This study moreover presents a method of parameter estimation especially with assuming a steady state of the ecosystem, and performs various analyses such as the risk measurement of climate change and the economic value of such fishways.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2024

Despite the increasing importance of urban parks' ecological functions in dealing with the climate crisis, ecological parks are not clearly defined in Korea's legal system. Numerous ecological parks created nationwide cannot be systematically designated and managed due to various legal bases and varying management authorities. It is important to clarify the legal status of ecological parks in order to lead the ecological paradigm shift of urban parks and to improve the natural park system for a comprehensive and integrated approach to protect the national ecosystem. To this end, related laws were analyzed to identify problems and to draw directions for legislative improvement. Through the literature review of relevant laws, acts, and ordinances, six major directions for improvement were suggested based on the analysis of problems. First, the legal status of ecological parks in the administrative dichotomy of the current park system is ambiguous, and ecological parks should be clarified through the revision of park-related laws. Second, an ecological park can be defined as a sustainable park created and managed in an ecological manner, promoting the protection and restoration of the ecosystem, conservation, and promotion of biodiversity, and balancing nature observation, ecological learning, and leisure activities. Third, the role of the state and local governments should be systematically revised to lead to a new park planning and management model through new governance. Fourth, since the characteristics of ecological parks are affected by individual laws, the possibility of overlapping ecological parks for other uses should be allowed. Fifth, detailed guidelines and standard ordinances need to be enacted to meet the goals, principles, and facilities of ecological parks. Lastly, along with the revision of the laws, ordinances by local governments also need to be more concrete. This study, which tracks various legal realities related to ecological parks, can contribute to policymaking that can systematize the foundation for the creation of ecological parks to preserve nationwide ecosystems and provide citizens with opportunities to experience and learn about nature.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-55
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• 2018

It has been noted that the main cause of biodiversity loss is influx of alien species. Specifically, habitats destruction, economic loss, and human injury are increasing due to invasive alien species. There were 2,167 alien species in Korea. 21 alien species of extraterrestrials including Lycorma delicatula, Solenopsis invicta, Myocastor coypus, and Spartina alterniflora at high risk through ecological risk assessment, are designated as invasive alien species. Alert species, which may have negative impact on ecosystems when they are introduced into the country, are assigned to 127 species through the ecosystem risk evaluation. To list such alien species to prevent invasion of alien species in advance, and to minimize damage caused by imported alien species, a national level management system called the Conservation and Use of Biological deversity Act was established, but there is a lack of a systematic management system in accordance with degree of risk. There is also a risk assessment chart should be developed thatreflects ecological characteristics of each taxon and evaluation criteria in predicting the risk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.65-77
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• 2014

The ecosystem of Jaemin stream, flowing into the center of Gongju-si, had been damaged by low water quality and lack of water quantity of the steam. However, after applying the SSB (Sustainable Structured wetland Biotop) system to the flood plain and the upstream of Jaemin stream, the efficiency of ecological water purification and ecological restoration are as follows. Through the constant maintenance and monitoring from year 2009 to year 2013 after restorative design and construction the average influent concentration of BOD5 was 4.2 mg/L, and the average effluent concentration was 1.8 mg/L, reaching ecological water purification rate of 57%. As for the T-N, the average influent concentration was 9.983 mg/L, and the average effluent concentration was 6.303 mg/L, showing the rate of 37%. For the T-P, the average influent concentration was 0.198 mg/L, and the average effluent concentration was 0.098 mg/L, being the rate of 51%. The vegetation of Jaemin stream monitored for 2 years after the restoration was composed of 51 species in 28 families which show high ratio of planted native species. As for the animals in the site, 5 species in 3 families of reptiles and amphibians, 34 species of 23 families of birds, and 3 species in 2 families of mammals were monitored, indicating that the bio-diversity of the site has improved, as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the current status and the improvement plans of the ecosystem conservation fund return projects. In 2007, there was a reformation of the ecosystem conservation fund system but the fund return projects were not vitalized up until now. In this study, 35 of ongoing and finished fund return projects were investigated on their types, sites, costs, local governments, and time required to return the fund. Through the on-site survey of 9 finished projects (4 biotope, 2 corridor and 3 natural conservation facility projects), construction and management conditions were investigated. The main findings are as follows: Among the five fund return types, 17 cases were biotope restoration projects, 4 cases were ecological corridor projects, and 1 case was a nature replacement project. In the case of project sites, there were 14 cases near schools and public facilities, 8 cases near rivers or streams, and 2 cases near ponds or wetlands. For the construction costs, there were 19 cases (65% of all the projects) that cost less than 300 million won. In terms of the involvement of the local government, most of the fund return projects were concentrated in Gyeonggi province and Ulsan city, and there were some local governments outside of these regions that did not carry out any return projects at all. Lastly, in the case of fund return time required, 35% of the fund returns were completed within 5 months, but the overall average fund return time was 9.8 months. In respond to the above study results, the improvement plans to encourage fund return projects are as follows: To diversify return types and sites, piloting and modeling projects for the representative types and sites should be preceded. To emerge from customary small-scaled projects, incentives to encourage large-scale and ecological networking projects should be considered. In addition, in order to write up business plans for the fund return projects, long-term investigations of at least 2 seasons from spring to fall are necessary. Finally, for the continuous management and maintenance of the ecological fund return sites, easier way for the citizens to actively participate in the projects should be incorporated.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2022

The debate of South-North transboundary rivers must be expanded from the existing cooperation in water resources towards cooperation within ecosystem conservation. Regarding the Han and Imjin rivers confluence water system, the nature of the estuarine ecosystem must be conserved considering the aspect of climate change. Furthermore, the agenda of maintaining continuous inter-Korean communication and cooperation should focus on ecosystem conservation, including conserving migratory species that inhabit both Koreas. Notably, within the Han and Imjin rivers confluence, transboundary rivers are abundant legally protected species such as Grus vipio, Anser fabalis, Anser cygnoides, Platalea minor, Lutra lutra, Prionailurus bengalensis which suggests a strong need for a debate regarding habitat conservation. This study analyzed the ecosystem conditions and environmental aspects within the confluence of Han and Imjin rivers. In addition, this study provided step wise approach of ecosystem conservation that consider conditions for potential direct inter-Korean cooperation. The inter-Korean cooperation mentioned in this study will be developed into legitimate cooperation once the results from monitoring the ecosystem of transboundary rivers, awareness raising are exchanged.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.104-126
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• 2004

The recognition of the environment and its importance have generated various types of parks, such as the ecological put the environmental put and the natural academy. They are considered the connecting media for the creation of space as a new paradigm in design for the 21st century from the late 1990s, environmental designs in space planning have been created from various angles of Perspectives including restoration of the natural ecosystem and introduction of natural circulation systems. Based on the aye facts and through theoretical examination of environmental park models, this research (1) establishes the concept and the significance of environmental parte; and, based on this, classifies the types of industrial sublimity; (2) presents environmental designing principles and standards; and (3) presents the "Chung Ra pro-Environmental Park plan" based on these ideas. The following is the summary of research results: First, while existing city parks are human-oriented, interior-oriented, and shape-centered, an environmental park considers human and nature equally and gives great importance to the relationship between the internal and external of the subject. It is a mark of environmental education that considers the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the environmental park is the 21st Century′s type of an open park for creating new forms of nature, as well as for incorporating culture and values through education. In such an environmental system, nature, culture, and human beings pursue balance, harmony, and security through mutual recognition. Second, in a broad sense, the types of environmental park can be classified into Cultural Restoration, Ecological Conservation, and Environmental Replacement. Third, by selecting Chung na environmental park in Incheon, which is a filtration plant lot, as a research subject, I have presented alternative planning for environmental parte in which culture and nature coexist on the basis of environmental planning principles and standards.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.60-75
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• 2004

The purpose of this research is to evaluate five types of eco-village planning in order to introduce a landscape unit concept and theory in Korea. Although they had different backgrounds and motives of eco-villages planning, their common goal is to always maintain ecological planning and design in their villages. As concrete methods of ecological planning, we suggest three fundamental planning theories. 1. The boundary of a plan unit should be a watershed. 2. The survey and analysis of village ecotopes should be done in that defined watershed. 3. These results should be applied in the site and lot planning of eco-villages. These 3 steps should be done in a process and relevantly. In the evaluation of the five eco-village planning types, we found three results. 1. On a viewpoint of watershed, most planners recognized a watershed in survey and planning stages unconsciously. But they did not mention watersheds concretely and did not use this concept in the planning stage. 2. They did not define the concept of ecotope, but most planners recognized land-uses and vegetations of villages and vicinities as ecotopes. Also these could be proper ecotopes, but they did not use these compartment of ecotopes in the planning of ecosystem structure in villages. In addition, they did not deeply survey and analyze the ecotopes of villages and its vicinity. 3. On the viewpoint of sites and lots planning, they did not relevantly use the characteristics of watersheds and ecotopes in sites and lots planning. Therefore, they failed to implement the indigenous lots and subdivisions plan. In the size of lots and sites, they did not seriously consider the carrying capacity of ecosystem. We hope that our suggestion about the establishment of eco-villages planning is a fundamental theoretical framework of ecological planning in future eco-village planning.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.286-294
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• 2020

This study aims to economically evaluate rice production and various ecological services provided by organic rice paddy carrying out rice-fish mixed farming. It was also conducted to find a stable structure for increasing the income of rice-producing farmers and promoting ecological services by evaluating the economic feasibility of organic rice paddy for rice-fish mixed farming. As a result of the analysis of expected effects by ecological service functions according to the types of agriculture in the rice-fish mixed farming, general conventional paddy fields were evaluated to have an effect of continuously decreasing biodiversity such as amphibian reptiles, aquatic insects, bird habitats, experience and ecological education, and vegetation diversity, while the biodiversity of organic and rice-fish mixed paddy fields was assessed to increase. As a result of evaluating the economic value, as the area for fish production increases compared to the common practice and organic paddy fields, rice production decreases, but fish production increases and total income was analyzed to increase. In addition, if the value of ecosystem service functions is assessed in the future, it will increase further. It is hoped that these findings will be used as basic data for solving oversupply problems in the rice industry, preserving safe farm income, and improving sustainable farming and ecosystem service functions.