• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

In recent years, Korean government has focused on improving the environmental impact of products in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to achieve their energy goals. The government has been conducting the following polices such as green procurement inducement and certification system. After carbon labeling was conducted in 2009, among a total of 1,065 items, 97 building materials have been given a certification: finishing materials items have the highest weight (56%). The increase in the certification numbers shows that there has been considerable technical efforts in the building material industry. At the awareness of carbon label and purchase of low carbon product, however, customers are aware of carbon labeling but the purchasing rate of carbon product is low. In this paper, we suggest that low carbon activities must also be considered in order to create client value by adding the concept of ecological efficiency. The objective of this study to measurer the eco-efficiency of carbon labeled building materials on the basis of environmental aspects of the product with the perspective of economy for purchasing the excellent products.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.335-347
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• 2003

High temperature electrolysis (HTE) can become a key target technology for fulfilling the hydrogen requirement for the future hydrogen economy. This technology is based upon the partial replacement of electricity with heat energy for the electrolysis. Although the current research status of high temperature electrolysis in many countries remains at the small laboratory scale, the technology has great potential for producing hydrogen at a higher efficiency than low-temperature electrolysis (LTE). The efficiency of LTE is not expected to rise above 40%, whereas the efficiency of HTE has been reported to be above 50%. The higher efficiency of HTE would reduce costs by more than 30% compared to LTE. In this study, the technical data regarding the HTE of water and the resulting hydrogen production are reviewed, with an emphasis on the application of high temperature solid electrolyte and oxide electrodes for the HTE process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.591-600
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• 2015

The efficiency of a powertrain system of hybrid vehicle is highly dependent on the design and control of the hybrid powertrain system. In other words, the optimal design of the powertrain systems is coupled with optimal control of the powertrain system. Therefore, the solution of an optimal design problem for hybrid vehicles is computationally and timely very expensive. For example, dynamic programming, which is a recursive optimization method, is usually used to evaluate the best fuel economy of certain hybrid vehicle design, and, thus, the evaluation takes tens of minutes to several hours. This research aims to accelerate the speed of efficiency evaluation of hybrid vehicles. We suggest a mathematical treat and a methodological treat to reduce the computational load. The mathematical treat is that the dynamics of system is discretized with sparse sampling time without loss of energy balance. The methodological treat is that the efficiency of the hybrid vehicle is inferred by characteristic loss evaluation that is computationally inexpensive. With the suggested methodology, evaluating a design candidate of hybrid powertrain system is taken few minutes, which was taken several hours when dynamic programming is used.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether the change of settlement procedures have an impact on the distribution of day of the week effect in the UK and French markets or not. U.K and France changed their systems from fixed settlement date systems to fixed settlement lag systems Design/methodology/approach - This study adopted the data of the specific stock market indices such as FTSE 100 in the U.K market and FRCAC 40 in the French market, This study constructs a test of the differences in mean returns across the days of the week by computing the regression equations for each country index. Findings - First, this study found that the evolving settlement procedures in stock exchanges have an effect on stock return of day of the week. Second, long-run improvements in market efficiency may have diminished the effects of certain anomalies in recent periods. Improvements in market efficiency and evolving settlement systems may cause the disappearance of the weekend effect. Research implications or Originality - The Implication of this study is that recent settlement systems contributed to the disappearance of the weekend effect and explains improvements in market efficiency and diminishments of market anomaly. This study may be the first study which examines whether evolving settlement systems have an effect on the disappearance of the weekend effect in the market or not.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.372-384
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• 2022

Total shipping accounts for 2.9 % of the annual average percentage of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. The International Maritime Organization implements EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index), Energy Efficiency eXisting-ship Index (EEXI), and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) as regulatory frameworks for shipping decarbonization. The Republic of Korea has enforced the Act on Development and Popularization of Greenship from 2020 and publicly announced the 1st national plan which was named 『2030 Greenship-K Promotion Strategy』 for the activation of a greenship market. The Greenship Certification Scheme is going on for the sustainability of Korean shipbuilding and shipping industries, to secure clean maritime environments, as well as to contribute to the national economy. Greenship Certification guarantees the credit of such eco-friendly technologies and products for shipping. The certification is going to be the basis of industrial competitiveness in coastal and international shipping. This study investigates an existing certification process, identifies the limitations, and proposes the process improved with several case studies. The improved certification scheme may have rationality for Net-zero with regard to climate alignment.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Recently, photovoltaic (PV) systems have been gradually applied in eco-friendly vehicle applications to improve fuel economy. The relevant market is expected to continue to grow because the installation of large-capacity PV systems to other eco-friendly vehicles, such as electric buses and trains, is being considered. However, in a PV system, power imbalance between submodules and low power generation efficiency occur due to factors such as cell aging, contamination, and shading. To resolve this problem, various differential power processing (DPP) converters have been researched and developed. However, conventional DPP converters suffer from large volume and low efficiency. Therefore, to apply DPP converters to eco-friendly vehicles, increasing efficiency and reducing volume and price compared with existing DPP converters is necessary. In this paper, a novel DPP converter with an integrated transformer is proposed and analyzed. The proposed DPP converter uses a single magnetic component by integrating transformers and secondary sides of conventional DPP converters. Therefore, the proposed DPP converter shows high power density and high efficiency, and it is suitable for PV systems in eco-friendly vehicle applications.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2015

In recent years, attention to the high debt ratio in public institutions has pushed the government to make efforts in reducing the debt ratio. However, in order to stimulate the economy, the government needs drastically innovative measures that reduce debt by improving efficiency rather than moderate approaches that focus solely on debt reduction. Despite this need, no study has yet systematically analyzed the overall efficiency of domestic public institutions and identified the source of inefficiencies in each public entity. Therefore, largely two research questions are examined. First, this study compares the efficiency levels by types of public institutions. Second, this study identifies the cause of inefficiencies in each public institution and proposes directions for improving efficiency. Based on a 5-year data of 302 public institutions published in public business information systems and organizational websites from 2009 to 2013, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was performed. The input variables include the number of employees and total costs while the output variables include sales and net income. Reflecting the characteristics of public institutions, the input-oriented CCR model and input-oriented BCC model were utilized. Analysis results are as follows. First, market-oriented public institutions showed the highest efficiency while fund management quasi-governmental agencies showed the highest inefficiency. Second, scale efficiency score was measured by applying the CCR model and the BCC model on the organizations with the lowest efficiency level, fund management quasi-governmental agencies. Based on these analysis results, the source of inefficiency and detailed directions for improvement were proposed for Decision Making Units (DMUs) with low CCR and BCC scores.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.496-509
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• 2020

This study analyzes 5-year efficiency of the game industry, from 2014 to 2018 which is aimed at 25 online and mobile game companies, that are emerging as a new growth engine of a national economy to come and as a core areas of late entertainment industry. The DEA is used for static efficiency analyze and the DEA-Window is used for dynamic efficiency analyze. This study uses assets, the number of employees and costs as input variables and it also uses operating profits and sales as output variables. The main results show that scale efficiency presents a resonable result over 0.85 on a total average except 2014. However, there has not been a year that is over 0.80 of the whole period in technical efficiency. Also, in terms of business scale, there is a huge efficiency gap between high rank companies and low rank companies and the average trend of efficiency has been increased from 2014 to 2016 but it has been decreased since 2017.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

This study compares the most widely used parametric and non-parametric techniques to measure cost and profit efficiency of banks, namely the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We formulate the specification form of both stochastic cost and profit frontier models and constant return to scale Cost DEA and Profit DEA models and provide an empirical assessment of the cost and profit frontiers based on a panel dataset of National Commercial Banks (NCBs) and Private Banks (PBs) in Bangladesh over the 2001-2010 period. The cost inefficiency and profit efficiency are slightly higher for PBs than NCBs in case of both SFA and DEA. The coefficients of advance and off-balance sheet items are significant that positively influence the banks in stochastic cost frontier model while the advance, other earning assets, price of borrowed fund are significant and negative effects on the banks in stochastic profit frontier model. The average cost inefficiency and average profit efficiency are recorded with 16.3% and 91% respectively. The highest and lowest cost inefficiency are observed for Janata Bank and United Commercial Bank Limited whilst the highest and lowest profit efficiency are recorded for Eastern Bank Limited and Janata Bank respectively. The average technical and allocative efficiency are 68.8% and 35.9%, respectively in case of CRS cost-DEA model whereas they are 70.3% and 31.8% in case of CRS profit-DEA model. The average cost inefficiency is recorded 6.3% by SFA whereas it is 24.5% by DEA. The average profit efficiency is found 91% by SFA while it is 22.1% by DEA, and SFA method shows better bank efficiency than DEA.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.23-44
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• 2022

Purpose - Recent issues such as vessel enlargement, strengthening of environmental regulations, and port smartization are expected to increase costs and intensify competition in the port industry. In the new normal era, when external growth has reached its limit, the efficient operation of ports is becoming indispensable for achieving sustainable growth. This study aims to identify the determinants of inefficiency by examining the cost structure and efficiency of container terminals in Korea and furthermore propose the political implications to derive the maximization of efficiency. Design/methodology - This study estimates the cost function of container terminal operators and identifies the efficiency of container terminals using stochastic cost frontier (SCF) in the first stage. In the second step, the SCF results are compared with the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Last, this paper proposes efficiency determinants on container terminal operation to establish appropriate strategies. Out of the 29 container terminal operators in South Korea, 13 operators participated in the survey. The translog cost function was estimated utilizing a total of 116 observations collected over the 2007-2017 period. Findings - Empirical analysis shows that economies of scale exist in Korea's container ports, which provides a rationale for the government's policy to establish the global terminal operator by integrating small terminal operators to enhance competitiveness. In addition, as a result of the determinants analysis, container throughput, weight of direct employment costs, and labour cost share have positive effects on improving cost efficiency, while inefficiency increases as the length of quay increases. More specifically, cost efficiency improves as the proportion of direct employment costs to outsourcing service costs increases. Originality/value - This study contributes to analyzing the inefficiency factors of container terminals through efficiency analysis with respect to a cost function. In addition, this study proposes the practical and political implications, such as establishing a long-term manpower pool, the application of the hybrid liner terminal system, and the construction of a statistical data system, to improve the cost inefficiency of terminal operators.