• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.180-187
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• 1999

Radiocarbon dating method using benzene liquid scintillation was performed on the oyster shell fragments which producted from the shell mounts at Hadong Mogdori in Kyeongsangnamdo. This paper described to the age dating method and compared to the result. The carbon in sample is synthesized to a benzene through the sample preparation, $SrCO_3$, $SrC_2$, $C_2H_2$ and $C_6H_6$ synthesizing process. Age dating is calculated by Wallac 1415 Liquid Scintillation Counter. The result of age dating is estimated to be $4905{\pm}112$ yr BP in Yosu Univ. which is a good agreement with the result in Shimane Univ. ($4912{\pm}123$ yr BP). Radiocarbon dating method using benzene liquid scintillation is a simple and economical in operation and establishment, it has a potential instrumentation in the university and research institute.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.187-203
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• 1999

This paper will discuss about how we can foster educational support mechanisms to facilitate health promotion programs at the local level. Health promotion in Korea is in the early developmental stage; it has only been since the Health Promotion Act was legislated in 1995, the health promotion programs have been planned and implemented. In the context of the recent decentralization process, local health departments have a major responsibility for developing and implementing health promotion programs at the local level. The short history of health promotion in Korea has meant that local public health departments have limited experience and organizational capacity for health promotion planning ＆ practice. The results of one survey for investigating the progress of health promotion at the local level are instructive. The survey demonstrated that the public health workers recognized that the lack of personnels, insufficient budget, the lack of policy ＆ the organizational support, the lack of skill ＆ knowledge to be effective health promotors, the lack of guidance for health promotion practice were major barriers to implementing health promotion programs at the local level. The object of this paper is to suggest some ways of overcoming barriers to implementing health promotion programs at the local level This paper emphasizes on the importance of educational supports as well as environmental supports - legislative, policy, organizational, economical - in building the organizational capacity and infrastructure of local health department for health promotion. It suggests some ways of providing educational supports to the public health workers at the local level. and supports the positions that educational opportunities for training in health promotion can be better provided to the public health workers at the provincial level rather than at the national level. It argues that the educational ＆ training programs should be developed and based on the educational need assessment; that the application of the main educational principles ＆ theoretical models for health promotion be used to develop educational programs for the public health workers; and that professional health organizations should make plans to provide more educational programs at their annual conferences or at other convenient times. These kinds of educational supports facilitate the ability of public health workers to improve their capacity for health promotion practice at the local level and help to alleviate some of the pressure on state resources.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1083-1096
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• 2015

This study utilised Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) for preliminary assessment of mixing efficiencies of 2-phase fluids in a pipe at which a slurry flow and an injected solidifier join, for the purposes of reducing trial-and-error-based instances of physical experiments and conducting the overall research in an economical way. Using OpenFOAM$^{(R)}$, we simulated behavior of 3-phase fluids under 18 different settings generated by changing diameters of a dredged soil transportation pipe, a quality improving material injection pipe and the confluence angle. While difference in mixing efficiencies amongst the instances was insignificant, discernible boundary layers amongst the materials were observed in all of the instances. In order to break the boundary layers, we designed a substructure inside a pipe and found out that it could remarkably improve mixing efficiencies particularly for short distance applications.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

Recently, as a countermeasure to the buoyancy of a building, the use of permanent drainage methods have been on the increase, and these provide benefits both in terms of economical feasibility and efficiency. When a permanent drainage method is applied, some underground water can drain out. Korea has been designated by PAI (Population Action International) as a water-stressed country, and the use of outflowing groundwater is required for the efficient oversight of water resources. However, the evaluation process on the practical use of underground water is currently insufficient. Therefore, the amount of outflowing groundwater put to practical use and the standard for the water quality were examined in this research, with the aim of establishing anappraisal process on the practical use of underground water drainage. In addition, standards for the assessment of the treatment process and the application cost of underground water drainage were developed. On this basis, an evaluation process on the use of outflowing groundwater was developed and applied inthe field. The application result proved that it was possible to assess the initial investment cost and the maintenance and management cost in the field, and thesecan be compared to the costs when supplied water is used, which makes it possible to apply in the field.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: The closed chamber method is the most commonly used for measuring greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields. This method has the advantages of being simple, easily available and economical. However, a measurement result using the chamber method is an estimated value and is complete when the uncertainty is estimated. The methane emissions from a rice paddy account for the largest portion of the greenhouse gas emissions in the agriculture sectors. Although assessment of uncertainty components affecting methane emission from a rice paddy is necessary to take account of dispersion characteristics, research on these uncertainty components is very rare to date. The goal of this study was to elucidate influencing factors on measurement uncertainty of methane concentrations measured by a closed automated chamber system from a rice paddy. METHODS AND RESULTS: The methane sampling system is located in the rice paddy in Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (37°13'15"N, 127°02'22"E). The primary measurement uncertainty components influencing methane concentrations (influencing factors) investigated in this research were repeatability, reproducibility and calibration in the aspects of methane sampling and analytical instrumentation. The magnitudes of the relative standard uncertainty of each influencing factor were quantified and compared. CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed what influencing factors were more important in determination of methane concentrations measured using the chamber system and analytical instrumentation located in the monitoring site. Quantifying the measurement uncertainty of the methane concentrations in this study would contribute to improving measurement quality of methane fluxes.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.134-147
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• 2004

Theses days, there are 3 prerequisites for dam building in Korea: First one is how to build the dam safe and stable from the technical points of view. Second one is how to design and construct the dam environmentally sound with the minimum change of the surrounding area of the dam site. Third one is how to activate the local economy of the surrounding area of the dam site in order to make the dam construction sustainable from the social and economical points of view. As far as technical aspects far dam building, there are hardly any problems in dam design and construction in our country. However, there are a little difficulty according to the location of the dam site. In order to fulfill the second option it is believed that a lot of effort should be made to accomplish the second task not only because that fairly large area shall be inundated with water after impounding but also because that ecological environments shall be changed due to change of water environment. Therefore, thoughtful investigation and assessment of the environmental features of the local regions have to be preceded before starting of the dam building. In order to overcome these difficulties Hantan river dam has been declared as an Eco-dam with 3 strategies and 9 activities plan at the design stage after sufficient consideration of the local identities of these region and coupled national plans for surrounding areas. Finally, Eco-tourism with the several coupled network-wise touristic courses, namely PERTH model, has been proposed after thorough analysis of the local identities by the Jahari window to make local economy being activated. Detailed descriptions for 3 strategies and 9 activities plan for declaration of Eco-dam and proposal of Eco-tourism with the network-wise touristic courses will be mentioned in the main content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.56-66
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• 2005

In response to the increasing emphasis being placed on the importance of international cooperation as part of global efforts to cope with growing non proliferation, and security, concerns in the nuclear field, the Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Mohamed ElBaradei, appointed an international group of experts to consider possible multilateral approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle. The mandate of the Expert Group was three fold: ${\bullet}$ To identify and provide an analysis of issues and options relevant to multilateral approaches to the front and back ends of the nuclear fuel cycle; ${\bullet}$ To provide an overview of the policy, legal, security, economic, institutional and technological incentives and disincentives for cooperation in multilateral arrangements for the front and back ends of the nuclear fuel cycle; and ${\bullet}$ To provide a brief review of the historical and current experiences and analyses relating to multilateral fuel cycle arrangements relevant to the work of the Expert Group. The overall purpose was to assess MNAs in the framework of a double objective: strengthening the international nuclear non proliferation regime and making the peaceful uses of nuclear energy more economical and attractive. The Group identifies options for MNAs - options in terms of policy, institutional and legal factors - for those parts of the nuclear fuel cycle of greatest sensitivity from the point of view of proliferation risk. It also reflects the Groups deliberations on the corresponding benefits and disadvantages (pros and cons) of the various options and approaches. Although the Expert Group was able to agree to forward the resulting report to the Director General, it is important to note that the report does not reflect agreement by all of the experts on any of the options, nor a consensus assessment of their respective value. It is intended only to present options for MNAs, and to reflect on the range of considerations which could impact on the desirability and feasibility of those options.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.415-421
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• 2012

This study summarized findings from an investigation into the awareness and evaluation of traditional foods among 197 male and female university students in the Chungnam area. The results were as follows. Regarding awareness of cooktable setting of traditional foods, 44.67% (88 students) of subjects answered that they had little knowledge. Female students showed a significantly high level of awareness of cooktable setting (p<0.05). Regarding the taste of traditional foods, 64.97% (128 students) of subjects responded appropriately. Regarding the necessity for partial development of traditional foods into a modern style, 61.90% (52 students) of male subjects and 84.96% (96 students) of female subjects were in agreement (p<0.01). Regarding the necessity for traditional food education, 77.16% (152 students) were in agreement, especially female students (86.73%, 98 students) showed considerably higher consent (p<0.05). For the assessment of traditional foods, nutrition (4.57 scores), taste (4.31 scores), and appearance (4.26 scores) were very highly assessed, whereas cookery (3.30 scores) and economic aspects (3.04 scores) scored relatively lower. Traditional desserts were recognized as routine and modern by male students. On the other hand, girls recognized desserts as traditional (p<0.05). Accordingly, we must preserve and pass down Korean traditional foods by increasing awareness through education or experience as well as through planning better cookery and economical aspects by applying certain standards for traditional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 1981

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the nutrient and food intake and food habits of the aged Jeju island. The survey was conducted to 102 persons, 50 persons aged 65 to 74 years and 52 persons aged 75 years over from July 5 to 25, 1981. The result obtained was summarized as follows; 1. Average nutrient intake per day Calorie intake was 1408 ㎉(which was 64% of RDA) for male and was 1343 ㎉ (84%) for female aged 65 to 74 years. For male aged 75 years over calorie intake was 1316㎉ (60%) and for female was 1292㎉ (81%). According to the intake of calorie, the ratio of carbohydrate, protein, fat, were average 74.8%, 15.1%, 10.1%. Protein intake was insufficient quantiatively, but the proportion of animal protein to total protein intake were 26.1 to 33.5%. Other nutrient intake, such as Ca, vitamin A and C were lower than the recommended dietary allowance. 2. Food intake In per capita food consumption were 69.1g to 744.7g and average 320.1g of cereal (125.1g of rice and 160.5g of barley) and 63.9g of fishes. Total food consumption and vegetables were diminished by older age. 3. Correlation assessment The correlation coefficient between residental stus lived with family, high activity, good health, and nutrient intake were significant (P<0.05). Poor teeth had influence on less nutrient intake, but was not significant. 4. Food preferences Food liked over 70% of subjects were persimmon, fishes, leef, tomato, and boiled rice with barley, etc. owing to tender food, economical reasons, seasonal influence, and food habits. Food disliked over 20% of subjects were instant noodle, small sardin, boiled rice, and ice-crea, etc. The majority of subjects had never had the processing food, such as ham, sausage, butter and margarine, etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.146-150
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• 2004

Degradation efficiency of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by using direct UV photolysis and $TiO_2$ photocatalysis was evaluated with both chemical analyses and acute toxicity assessment employing luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri. PCP was chosen as a target compound in this study because of its wide application as fungicide, bactericide, insecticide and wood preservative in agriculture and many industries, in addition to its well-known environmental consequences. The acute toxicity to the microbe was reduced by >60% when applying UV alone, and was completely removed when treated with $UV-TiO_2$ combinations. Toxicity reduction pattern determined with the Microtox Assay generally corresponds with the chemistry data: However, it should be noted that toxicity was greater than expected by the chemistry data. Formation of TCBQ, a toxic byprodut, could not explain observed microbial toxicity. These observations are probably due to the presence of unidentified toxic PCP byproducts, which may include polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. When Microtox results were compared between different exposure time, i.e.,5 min and 15 min, an interesting pattern was noted with $UVA-\;TiO_2$ treatment. While no microbial toxicity was observed with 5 min exposure, an EC50 value of 45.4% was estimated with 15 min exposure, which was not observed in $UVB-\;TiO_2$ exposure. This result may suggest the presence of unidentified toxic degradation products generated in the later stage of treatment. Based on this study, $TiO_2$ photocatalyst, together with UVB photolysis could improve the removal of both PCP and its toxic derivatives in more efficient way. The Microtox Assay is promising and economical method for monitoring efficiency of wastewater treatment processes.