• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.159-179
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• 2018

As digital media evolves, image changes have evolved from 2D to 3D. At the end of the 1930s when the US overcame the economic crisis and met the Second World War, people needed a hero to escape reality. In DC (Detective Comics), superhero comics started to become popular by making superhero series mainly with Super Man and Bat Man. Timely Comics, founded by Martin Goodman in 1939, also published Marvel Comics, the first comic strip in epochal comics on October 1 of the same year. From this point on, Marble has developed mainly in the cartoon industry. However, in the development of the times and the change of media, Marble boldly grasps the influence of Hollywood movies from the comic centered development system, and moves from the cartoon market to the movie market. Especially, the trans-media storytelling strategy was well reflected in the movie "Avengers" series, which Marvel produced after the merger with Disney. In this paper, When Marble Comics compares with the time when the comic book industry developed before the merger and the time when the movie industry was focused after the merger with Disney What kind of change and development, and The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of these changes.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2012

After the rapidly changing business management environment and financial crisis, high prices and domestic recession in Korea posed threats to the business survival of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper looks at the potential of micro business owners for sustainable development: those who have a spirit of entrepreneurship and the potential to be a hidden champion. Our study of micro business values uses structure equation modeling by LISREL. We have done so in order to understand the foundation of management innovation and success model of micro enterprise by increasing the entrepreneurship and management performance relationship analysis. A micro-enterprise is a type of small business, found only in Korea, often registered as having ten or fewer employees. We examine the successful type of hidden champions and the influence of entrepreneurship on start-ups in business. As compared to past research on the SME entrepreneurship, this study segments small businesses even further. Small business entrepreneurship was classified into three forms that are most appropriate for the Korean situation today: innovation, risk-taking, and pro-activeness. This research is meaningful as it is Korea's first empirical analysis on four business types: wholesale and retail sales, food and lodging business, service business, and manufacturing business. Thus far, research on small business entrepreneurship was carried out using small-scale investigative analysis. However, this research attempted to develop a model that can explain a cause-effect relation of the motivational level when it comes to the difference of entrepreneurship by each business type and small business start-up success factors. Various conceptual and operational definitions could be developed in a diverse and precise manner. Independent variables that are related to the success of small businesses can be developed additionally to examine the success factors related to the systematization in detailed manner. The research showed that the innovation, risk-taking and pro-activeness of the manifested difference in the degree of perception depending on the type of small businesses. Among the four business types, the ones that manifested the highest successful start-up rates were food, service, wholesale and retail sales and manufacturing. Results after conducting the regression analysis are shown on, which proves that the small business entrepreneurship exerts direct effect on the financial management performance of small businesses. In other words, small business entrepreneurship exerts a positive effect on the small business financial success and management performance. The R² value is 0.61. It is possible to know that the perception of systematization and variables on attitude explains the 61% of the success for small self-employed businesses management performance. We define start-up key factors that are helpful to achieve internal growth of firms by finding business survival strategies. The results also focus on Korean government policy for micro enterprise and small business support.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.89-98
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• 2018

Purpose - Despite the global economic crisis, the numbers of coffee shops used for providing a place for social and cultural interactions show an upward trend and have become an indispensable part in people's daily life in recent years. Under the circumstance of tremendous efforts of searching new management strategies and projects, the concept of servicescape(which has physical environment characteristics) may provide a better alternative. Therefore, the purpose of this study can be broadly divided into 3 key points. First is to investigate the effects of servicescape on customer satisfaction, service value and customer loyalty about Coffee Shops in Jeonju area. Second is to examine the mediating effect of customer satisfaction and service value between servicescape and customer loyalty. Third, there is evidence that indicates the moderating effect among the interaction of customer and staff, brand image and the composition of servicescape, customer satisfaction, service value and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology - This study begins empirical research about users of coffee shops' services. The data of the study is collected from 285 samples of a questionnaire which has been made from Korea and analysed by IBM SPSS 24.0 and IBM AMOS 24.0. Results - The results are reported below: First of all, the composition of condition, functionality, cleanliness and aesthetic characteristics of the servicescape has a significant impact on customer satisfaction and service value. Furthermore, customer satisfaction is identified as a factor to influence service value. Moreover, customer satisfaction and service value are identified as the causal relationship with customer loyalty. Besides, customer satisfaction and service value illustrated the mediation effect between the composition of servicescape and customer loyalty. Finally, the interaction between customer and staff, brand image illustrates the moderated effect. Conclusions - The composition of servicescape contributes to the formation of customer satisfaction and enhancing the customer's perceived service value in coffee shops. By meeting diverse and complex needs of consumers in coffee shop, the service value will not only attract loyal customers, but also increase customer loyalty and profitability. In a word, managers should rely on servicescape to enhance service experience by making differences with other competitors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.222-235
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• 2020

This study examines the poverty progress and its factors which drove the lives of the middle-aged men in Chokbang area. The observed examples are the retired government officials and the self-employed who have been classified as the ones in the economically-middle class but currently as the welfare recipients. According to the results of in-depth interview and observation, the poverty of the observed has undergone the progress of trigger, worsening, breakup, desperation and stabilizing stages. The poverty factors found in this study could be categorized into two factors; circumstantial factors(bankruptcy after IMF, debt guarantee for relatives) and inner factors(the participants' behavior and characteristics). The circumstantial factors worked mainly in the trigger stage and the inner factors contributed to worsening economic crisis and facilitating the progress. According to the result, this study suggests not only individual-scale measures such as encouragement of familial bond or medical treatment of the alcoholism but also social measures including proper regulation of shark loan and opportunity supply to exit from poverty.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.30
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• pp.87-112
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• 2013

The effort to make the peaceful mood between South and North Korea that had started from so-called 'Sunshine Policy' of the People's Government since 1998, lasted until Rho Mu-hyun government. On the other hand, Lee Myung-bak government changed the policy toward North Korea to more practical and principle-oriented one than the previous two governments. By the shift of the policies, the industry of animation of South and North Korea has been influenced so much. The purpose of his study is to point out the crisis of the status of the animation industry of the Korean Peninsula through the change of the policies, and to propose one method of the new paradigm to the next government in order to build a turning point of South and North Korea animation exchange. First, the paradigms toward North Korea through the past governments are compared. Second, the result and situation of animation industry of South and North Korea are analyzed. Finally, by examining deducted problems, the forward policy toward North Korea and, by extension, the improvement direction and practical tasks of South and North Korea animation exchange policy are considered.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.586-599
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• 2017

This study attempts to understand the overall research trends in Vocational Studies using a text mining method, which is a means to analyze big data. The findings of the research show that Vocational Studies in Korea has been directly influenced by global economic crises, as evidenced by its exponential growth after the 1997 foreign exchange crisis that resulted in a bailout from the IMF. In addition, the topics of research have been shifting from such macro subjects as government policies and systems to such micro topics as individual career development. Moreover, the perspective of research is being moved from the socially vulnerable, including women and the disabled, to the economically marginalized, including retirees and the unemployed. As for the research targets, college students overwhelmingly outnumbered primary and secondary school students. However, few cases analyzed the clinical outcomes of career counseling or attempted to process job information and study the history of jobs. This research is limited in that it only analyzed journal abstracts. Nonetheless, it is meaningful because it used topic analysis, one of the text mining methods, to give a complete enumeration of all articles available for search, thereby crafting a framework of quantitative analysis methodology for Vocational Studies. It is also significant in that it is the first attempt to analyze themes in every stage of the development of Vocational Studies.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-179
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• 2003

This study is analysing the factors determining individuals' behavior of selecting self-employment not only at the micro-level but also at the macro-level to put a particular emphasis on the financial constraint and unemployment rate representing business cycle. The data used in this study are "Korean Labor and Income Panal Study" of the Korea Labor Institute and "Economically Active Population Survey" of National Statistical Office. The main findings are as follows. First, human capital such as educational attainment and job experience has positive effects on male's selection of self-employment. The effects of job experience, however, changed negative for female's selection of self-employment. Second, real estate is significantly enhancing the selection probabilities of employer selection while the income from financial assets has negative effects. Third, entrepreneurial culture and environment are also raising the self-employment selection probability. Lastly, the regional unemployment rate representing the business cycle has positive effects on the self-employment selection after the financial crisis in 1997 both at the micro and macro level. Moreover, the coefficient of regional unemployment rate has changed positive in the structural model of self-employment selection controlling for selection bias and income opportunities, which means that individual's behavior of self-employment selection is rather complex when accounting for the uncertainties of income opportunities and diverse characteristics of self-employment workforce.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.187-214
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• 2016

In the mordern society, the reliance on the cyber domain and the cyber connectivity has been increasingly strengthened. Due to this phenomenon, the cyberterror against critical infrastructures and state organs might lead to fatal consequences. Lately, North Korea's cyberattacks against South Korea's national organizations and financial computer networks are becoming more and more intelligent and sophisticated. The cyberattacks against such critical infrastructures have caused enormous economic loss and social disorder. This paper is designed to examine comparatively the cyberterror related laws and organizations of the advanced countries such as U.S. and U.K. and to draw implications. Although those countries are under different institutional and cultural backgrounds with varying security envrionments, they are identically pursuing measures by establishing government-wide counterterror system for coordination and cooperation. They are also commonly focusing upon creating new organizations equipped with new system and upon enhancing intelligence performance and devising punishment regulations. Korea is lack of framework laws regulating cyber security, having only scattered individual laws. Since such legal base is far from efficient counterterror activities, it is necessary that the legal and policy response of the advanced countries should be closely studied for selective introduction. That will eventually lead to legislation of cyber security law. With such legislation on hand, it is subsequently required to strengthen crisis management for prevention of cyberterror and to create joint response team, cooperating with private organizations.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.37
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• pp.7-42
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• 2007

There has been growing debate over the current crisis of Korean journalism especially since 1997. While identifying primary causes as 'lack of credibility and public accountability,' however, this paper claims that self-regulation initiated by enlightened and professionalized journalists is a plausible solution. This paper thus pays attention to U.S. graduate journalism schools which provide specialized program about business/economic/financial news. For this, in identifying commonalities of the programs in terms of education goals, geographical/academic resources and course works, this study wanted to elicit meaningful implications for media education. It was suggested in conclusion that not only would Seoul be an ideal place for combining theoretical and practical training, but such programs in New York and Columbia university might be creatively applied to Korean journalism school. Finally, the author hopes that this review will be a good starting point for envisioning graduate level of journalism school in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2001

From 1905 to 1910 when the deepening national and educational crisis existed, the Korean intellectuals established many educational associations and published many academic journals. In this study, the researcher investigated 9 academic journals which had 132 books published by these educational associations in Korea during the Modern Educational Period (1876${\sim}$1910). The results of this study were summarized as follows : (1) The contents of journals mainly consisted of the Korean history and geography for the purpose of increasing Korean people's identification. And also the journal articles dealt with the western political and economic systems. In addition to these contents, the journals included many scientific studies which were aimed at educating the ordinary Korean people. (2) The scientific articles from these journals were mainly composed of earth science and biology including physiology, while the number of articles for physics and chemistry was less. (3) These scientific articles were published by the same writer in a series .However, the academic level of these was like a school textbook. Based on the results of the data analysis, it is believed that these journal articles possibly were used as a school textbook for science education.