• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.133-136
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• 2002

Whitefly, Dialeuropora decempuncta (Quaintance rind Baker) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) has attained the major pest status in mulberry, causing 24% crop loss by sucking the leaf juice and manifesting leaf curl, chlorosis and sooty mould desease during monsoon season in West Bengal, India. The assessment of economic threshold revel is an essential component for formulating the management practices. Experiments were carried out by inoculating five different densities of whitefly viz.,10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 adults on covered mulberry plants in glass houses. From the findings, it was observed that irrespective of released density, no crop loss was observed in the initial period. But with the passing of days, the percent crop loss was increased rapidly. The linear relationship between percent crop loss and number of adults released was established to highlight the significance of economic threshold. The statistical analysis in the linear form of equation showed that initial population of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 whiteflies/plant causes 3%, 12%, 21%, 30% and 40% crop loss in a period of 28 days which is equivalent to 57 kg, 247 kg, 437 kg, 626 kg and 816 kg leaf/acre. Execution of management practices (spray of 0.01% monocrotophos) are economical to the farmer whenever the loss is above 247 kg/acre, but below which application of control measures is not economical. From this study, it can be inferred that the economic threshold level far whitefly is 20 individuals/plant beyond which a farmer has to take appropriate control measures.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.311-320
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• 2023

When an earthquake occurs, the severity of damage is determined by natural factors such as the magnitude of the earthquake, the epicenter distance, soil properties, and type of the structures in the affected area, as well as the socio-economic factors such as the population, disaster prevention measures, and economic power of the community. This study evaluated the direct economic loss due to building damage and the community's recovery ability. Building damage was estimated using fragility functions due to the design earthquake by the seismic design code. The usage of the building was determined from the information in the building registrar. Direct economic loss was evaluated using the standard unit price and estimated building damage. The standard unit price was obtained from the Korean Real Estate Board. The community's recovery capacity was calculated using nine indicators selected from regional statistical data. After appropriate normalization and factor analysis, the recovery ability score was calculated through relative evaluation with neighboring cities.

• IE interfaces
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.365-377
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• 2008

In this paper, for constructing the Korean Hazard Information System (KHIS), we conceptually design a hazard evaluation process. We first deal with a hazard evaluation process focused on flood hazard to give the most immense damage and loss. The hazard evaluation process is consist of a damage evaluation process and a loss evaluation process, and is used for transforming hazards from natural disasters into economic measures. The proposed process is developed based on the famous FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)'s $HAZAS^{@MH}$methodology. We modify the FEMA's process to be mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive, that is all losses from the hazards are included into the estimation process but the losses are not duplicated in the process. In addition to this, we define the loss process specifically by considering the characteristics from the hazard environments of Korea. We can expect that KHIS for evaluating economic losses from natural hazards can be developed based on the conceptual design for the economic loss evaluation process, and KHIS can be used as a useful tool for analyzing the feasibilities of mitigation plans in central/local governments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

Process Capability Index (PCI) is useful Statistical Process Control (SPC) tool that is measure of process diagnostic and assessment tools widely use in industrial field. It has advantage of easy to calculate and easy to use in the field. $C_p$ and $C_{pk}$ are traditional PCIs. These are only considers of process variation. These are not given information about the characteristic value does not match the target value of the process. Studies of this process capability index by many scholars actively for supplement of its disadvantage. These studies to evaluate the capability of situation of various field has presented a new process capability index. $C_{pm}$ is considers both the process variation and the process deviation from target value. And $C_{pm}{^+}$ is considers economic loss for the process deviation from target value. In this paper development of new process capability index that is Taguchi's quadratic loss function by applying the expected loss. And check the correlation between existing traditional process capability index ($C_{pk}$) and new one. Finally, we propose the criteria for classification about developed process capability index.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2341-2346
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• 2012

Voice phishing against the old or weak persons have used the methods which are social engineering in the object and financial structure and function. Until recently Voice phishing from Chaina caused economic devastation and the economic loss by phishing grows with the South Koreans in the whole. Korean government and public organizations involved have been strengthening protection system and a financial security devices. But it is not easy to verify how much effects of security measures are. In this paper I will study the economic loss caused by voice phishing and potential economic effects of security measures and security device reinforcements of the Republic of Korea. Direct costs are reported about 100 million dollars and potential economic effects of voice phinshing secure measures may be around 320 million dollars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.157-160
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• 2012

(Voice)Phishing against the old or weak person used the method which is social engineering in the object and financial structure and function. Until recently (voice)Phishing from Chaina caused economic devastation and the economic loss by Phishing grows with the South Korean whole. Korean government and organizations involved have been strengthening protection system and a financial security device. But it is not easy to verify how much effects of security measures are. In this paper we will study the economic loss caused by (voice)Phishing and economic efficiency of security measures and security device reinforcement of the Republic of Korea.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.430-431
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• 2011

Recently the power system consists of the more complicated structure, due to increase of power demands. In this circumstance, the congestion and loss capacity in transmission line is also increased. Accordingly, the investment planning of transmission system is required to reduce the congestion and loss of the transmission line. In study of the planning of domestic and international transmission expansion, the reliability of transmission planning and minimizing Investment cost is focused. However, the study has not been performed systematically in economic aspects. Typically, the congestion and loss costs have been individually calculated. It is not consider the mutual relationship between the congestion cost and the loss cost. This paper proposes a method to compute concurrently the congestion and loss costs. This purpose is to calculate the more exact value for economic assessment of the power system operation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.66-78
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• 2002

Process capability indices are being used as indicators for measurements of process capability for SPC of quality assurance system in industries. In view of the enhancement of customer satisfaction, process capability indices in which loss functions are used to deal with the economic loss In the processes deviated from the target, are in an adequate representation of the customer's perception of quality In this connection, the loss function has become increasingly important in quality assurance. Taguchi uses a modified form of the quadratic loss function to demonstrate the need to consider the proximity to the target while assessing its quality. But this traditional quadratic loss function is inadequate to assessing the quality and quality improvement since different processes have different sets of economic consequences on the manufacturing, Thereby, a flexible approach to the development of the loss function needs to be desired. In this paper, we introduce an easily understood loss function, based on reflection of probability density function of the normal distribution. That is, the Reflected Normal Loss function can be adapted to an asymmetric loss as well as to a symmetric loss around the target. We propose that, instead of the process variation, a new capability index, CpI using the Reflected Normal Loss Function that can accurately reflect the losses associated with the process and a new capability index CpI Is compared with the classical indices as $C_{p}$ , $C_{pk}$, $C_{pm}$ and $C_{pm}$ $^{+}$.>.+/./.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.6 no.4 s.22
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

Currently, due to remodeling of newly built apartment, national resource loss and personal economic loss are being occurred and construction wastes are making more environmental issues. This study aims to devise reduction in cost and economic loss coming from remodeling by selecting general house size of apartment, carrying out surveys and investigating current status of remodeling before and after moving into newly built apartments.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.31-43
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• 2014

These days a lot of cyber attacks are exploiting the vulnerabilities of S/W. According to the trend of vulnerabilities is announced periodically, security directions are suggested and security controls are updated with this trend. Nevertheless, cyber attacks like hacking during the year 2011 are increased by 81% compared to 2010. About 75% of these cyber attacks are exploiting the vulnerabilities of S/W itself. In this paper, we have suggested a VIR model, which is a spread model of malware infection for measuring economic loss by S/W vulnerability, by applying the SIR model which is a epidemic model. It is applied to estimate economic loss by HWP(Hangul word) S/W vulnerabilities.