• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Purpose: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the yangsaeng level in a health management way of an aged women in rural area, and to offer basic material for the development of community's public health service. Methods: The subjects were 144 aged women who participated voluntarily in the questionnaire. The data were collected from January to February, 2008 with a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 win program for finding frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Tukey. Results: The average age of workers was 72. Total yangsaeng level was $3.08{\pm}.33$, highest yangsaeng factor was Activity & Rest Yangsaeng of $3.55{\pm}.46$ and lowest yangsaeng factor was Season Yangsaeng of $2.43{\pm}.75$. The total Yangsaeng level was the significant difference in monthly incomes(F=4.046, p=.047). Conclusion: Considering the results above, the yangsaeng level of aged women is affected by the age, education level, a monthly income etc. Therefore, for health promotion plan of aged women, consider that their age, educational level, economic level ect, and systematic education for promotion of health is necessary.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2008

Fishing in Kenya, until the discovery of Nile perch as an export commodity in the early 1990s, has basically a subsistence occupation for the lake and coastal communities. The government also did not recognize the importance of fisheries as a contributor to the macro-economy and therefore, did not pay much attention in terms of resource allocation for the development of the sector. Most fishing in Kenya is artisanal, with a little industrial fishing by prawn trawlers. The deep sea (EEZ) fishery resources are currently exploited by DWFNs through a licensing system. Only a small quantity of catch from the EEZ is landed in Kenya, primarily tuna loins for processing for export. Currently capture fisheries, mainly from Lake Victoria, earn local fishers over Kenya shillings (K Sh) 7 billion, while exports earn the country K Sh 5 billion (US$ 50 million) in foreign exchange annually. The government has been putting in place an enabling environment to promote investment activities in order to achieve economic recovery as well as for the development and sustainable use of fisheries resources in the country within the specified period. The Department's major roles are to ensure sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources; to promote aquaculture development; to assure quality and safety of fish and fishery products; and to facilitate fish marketing in order to maximize the benefits that can be derived from fisheries. The contribution of fisheries to local incomes, subsistence and food nutrition is significant, as this occurs in areas with the highest incidences of poverty in the country.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.262-273
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• 2022

Under the four-cut system, low-lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may extend harvesting intervals improving harvest management flexibility and producing forage products with higher nutritive values. The objective of this study was to compare forage yield and nutritive values of low-lignin and conventional alfalfa varieties when applied to six different harvest schedules in the first (2016) and second (2017) production years. There were 12 treatments of two alfalfa varieties as whole plots and six harvest schedules as subplots. Across harvest schedules, there were four cuttings in two production years. Three harvest intervals including "Standard" (high quality, HQ), "Standard+5-day" (medium quality, MQ), and "Standard+10-day" (high yield, HY) were chosen for the first cutting, and 30-day (HQ) and 35-day (HY) for the second cuttings. The third and fourth cuttings in 2016 were timed near final harvest date and in 2017 occurred at 35-day (MQ) and 40-day (HY). Variety by harvest schedule interaction was not significant, but the whole plot and sub-plot effects were significant. Hi-Gest 360 was consistently higher in nutritive value and with a similar yield as Gunner. Harvest schedules did not consistently differ in forage yield and nutritive values. HS-1 ("Standard" + 35-day + Medium Quality + High Yield) with shorter first two cutting intervals provided lower acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), higher relative feed value (RFV), and similar forage yield compared to other schedules. HS-1 had the highest economic incomes when considering RFV and yield among the six different harvest schedules.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53-89
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• 2024

The effects of the betterment of enforced intellectual property rights (IPRs) provisions on services export diversification are investigated. The analysis used an unbalanced panel dataset of 76 developing countries over the period of 1970-2014. The empirical analysis is based on the feasible generalized least squares estimator. It suggests that the implementation of weaker IPR protection fosters services export diversification in less developed countries (i.e., those whose real per capita incomes are less than US$US$ 1458.60), including those with a low level of export product upgrading. Conversely, in relatively advanced developing countries (countries whose real per capita income exceeds US$ 3356.80), including those with high levels of export product upgrading, the implementation of stronger IPR laws induces greater services export diversification. Finally, the analysis revealed the existence of a non-linear relationship between IPR protection and services export diversification. The implementation of stronger intellectual property laws spurs services export diversification in countries with high degree of IPR protection, especially when IPR protection exceeds a certain level, recorded here as having a score of 1.197. In contrast, in countries with weaker IPR protection, in particular those with IPR protection levels that score less than 0.915, it is rather the implementation of weaker intellectual property laws that promotes services export diversification.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2018

필리핀은 7000 개 이상의 섬으로 이루어진 아시아 개발 도상국 중 하나이다. 항공, 수로 및 육상 운송은 국내 내륙 여행 및 교통 수단이지만, 이들 7000여개가 넘는 섬들 사이의 사람, 상품 및 서비스 운송은 거의 대부분 RORO 선박을 통한 해송을 통해 이루어지고 있다. 현재 이러한 필리핀 섬들을 연결하는 전체 154 개의 RORO 노선이 구축되어 운항중에 있으며, 해당하는 항구 근처의 지방 자치 단체의 소득은 대략적으로 7 % 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그것은 관광객 수, 운송 비용 및 여행 시간의 증가 때문으로서 향후 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 분석되었다. 필리핀의 일부 주요노선을 개선하기 위해 본 연구에서는 필피핀 정부 (항만청), 지방정부, 항만 및 선박 회사가 지리적특성, 안전항로, 승하선, 항로보조시설 등 필요한 모든 사항들을 분석 및 제시하였으며 개선해야할 정책을 제안하였다. 향후 본 연구는 필리핀 전역에 해당하는 연구로 확대할 예정이며 이는 필리핀 섬들의 안전하고 효율적인 운송으로 이어질것으로 판단된다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.467-491
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• 2015

본 연구는 런던지역의 한인 이주민을 대상으로 정착경로, 주거입지 및 주택소유 구조의 특성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째로, 한인 이주민의 최초 주거입지 결정요인으로는 최초 이주시의 이주 상태, 이주지역 그리고 현지인 도움 여부인 것으로 나타난다. 둘째로, 이주민의 현재 주거입지 결정요인으로는 소득수준, 영어 구사능력, 영국 교육 경험, 최초 거주지인 것으로 나타난다. 셋째로, 이주민의 주택 소유구조 특성을 보면, 이주민들은 이주기간이 10년을 지나고, 소득수준이 5만 파운드를 넘어서면서 자가주택에 거주하는 경향을 보인다. 넷째로, 이를 토대로 이주민들의 정착경로를 유형화하면, 이주초기부터 한인타운에 정착하는 민족공동체 지향 유형과 이주 초기부터 백인 주류층 거주지에 정착하는 백인주류층 지향 유형이 대표적이다. 따라서 런던지역 한인타운은 현재는 규모나 역할이 제한적이지만, 한인사회의 역량이 커짐에 따라 발전 가능성도 충분하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1098-1113
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• 2021

Maturation process of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) could be prevented by the reduction of lignin content in terms of conventional breeding or transgenic technology. Alfalfa could exhibit higher leaf/stem ratio, with a concern of yield loss. The objective of this study was to compare forage yield and nutritive value of low lignin alfalfa and two reference varieties subjecting to two harvest intervals and three seeding rates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replicates, where harvest intervals (28-day and 35-day) were assigned to whole plots, seeding rates were subplots, and varieties were sub-subplots. The weighted mean nutritive value was applied to two production years of 2016 and 2017. Hi-Gest 360 (low lignin alfalfa) provided similar yield potential and increased nutritive value compared to two reference varieties. Over a two-year production period, alfalfa harvested at every 28-day interval provided more economic returns than those at 35-day interval. For the seeding year and first production year, five cuts made by the 28-day interval produced more yield than four cuts by the 35-day interval. Due to limited rainfall in May 2017, a sharp drop of the first cutting overturned the advantage of the five-cut system. Shorter intervals between harvests generally increased crude protein (CP) concentrations. The differences of relative feed value (RFV) between two harvest intervals tended to be great during the first and second cuttings. Overall, harvest interval had a large effect on nutritive value and a more significant effect on alfalfa dry matter yield than variety selection. Seeding rate did not affect alfalfa yield and nutritive value.

• 한국사회정책
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.75-101
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• 2018

본 연구는 공공임대주택과 민간임대주택의 주거복지 성과에 차이가 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 2016년 주거실태조사를 활용하여 주거의 구조적 물리적 적절성, 주거비의 저렴적절성, 주거의 안정성으로 정의한 주거복지에 있어 공공임대주택과 민간임대주택이 차이가 있는지, 이러한 차이가 가구의 인구사회경제적 특성을 통제한 상태에서도 유지되는지를 검토하였다. 분석결과 공공임대주택 중 일부는 여전히 최저주거기준미달, 주거비과부담의 문제를 겪고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 공공임대주택과 민간임대주택을 비교하면 공공임대주택은 주거복지에 있어 통계적으로 유의미한 성과가 있었으며, 이는 인구사회경제적 특성을 통제하면 더욱 일관되게 나타났다. 민간임대주택은 최저주거기준미달, 주거비과부담, 주거안정성에 있어 열악한 상황에 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 공공임대주택정책의 개선방안과 민간임대주택에 대한 적절한 규제의 필요성의 근거를 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.207-230
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• 2022

A survey on the understanding of environment-friendly certification system was conducted for certified operators. The survey included the necessity of certification system, difficulties in producing certified products, and general evaluation of the current certification system. Certified operators were generally satisfied with the certification system in terms of the certification standards, the public subsidy programs, and the farm management costs. Individuals with parallel production farms were relatively less satisfied than the group with full-time organic farmers. Analysis using the ranking probit model indicated that the longer the certification experience, the more highly aware the need for the certification system was. Our results indicated that policy strategies are needed to enlarge the marketability of environment-friendly agricultural products since economic factors of organic products were the most important factor for maintaining and expanding certification in overseas as well as in Korea. It seems to be necessary to implement economic triggers for certified operators to continue their certification programs by promoting the transition period certification for individual farms in parallel with conventional agriculture. Analysis of the variables correlated with the expansion of environment-friendly agriculture by the logit model implied that certified operators with the younger age and higher annual incomes were more likely to expand environment-friendly agriculture. Therefore, it might also be important to provide financial support and incentives for new entry farmers to participate in environment-friendly agriculture and establish a system to share the know-how of successful certified organic farmers.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-101
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• 1993

This study is aimed at evaluating the present management status of the rural special production area development projects and identifying managerial problems to propose new direction of the political countermeasures for the projects. In the con text of implementing the five year's economic developent plans for the past three decades, agricultural production and farm-household income have also been grown rapidly. However the income gap between rural and urbarn laborer, as an internal problem, has widened during the decades and the UR problems concerning free trade of agricultural products, as an external problems, are now agonizing the small-holder farm economy in Korea. The internal and external farm problems could be solved through improvement of agricultural structure and provision of off-farm jobs for farm household income increase. As a part of the off-farm income sources, the rural special production area development projects have propelled by the government throughout the country. The main problems to be solved for the successful implementation of the projects are as follows : 1. Present loan amount by the financial fund was estimated at 6-7% of the total installation costs required. To expand and implement the project successfully, enough financial credit support with favorable terms and conditions have to be considered by the government. 2. The operation patterns of the special production area development project should be recommended from the view point of cooperative and private operation to maximize farm household incomes including profits, marketing charges and dividens. 3. Improvement of the marketing channel of the products and marketing information through TV program and other mass communication should be implemented strongly to promote marketsales by the financial supports of the government. 4. In connection with the off-farm income increase, the population migrating to urban area in outside Chungnam province equivalent to 10-12 thousand persons with age of 20-49 years should be taken into account politically to be employed in the projects in the province. 5. Surplus farm labors should be created by means of improvement of agricultural structure including large farm management with farm mechanization and job opportunities have also to be provided in connection with the rural special production area development projects. The two imminent subjects are the prerequisites to increase off-farm incomes for the farmers living in Chungnam province. 6. Required credit supports for investment and operation costs of the projects should be taken actions by the government.