• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 1994

From 1995, the WTO(World Trade Organization) system will be activated in the world market. Therefore more liberalization in agricultural are expected. Korean farmers should be trained to overcome the difficulty due to trade liberalization. The non-formal education for farmers is carried out by various forms but does not fit need of farmers mostly. The moor part of non formal training was focused on agricultural skills so there must be more emphasis on non-agricultural skills. There are some lacks in linkage between training and government support for trainees. So more support for farmers trainees such as aspects(for example cure finanical support) and non economic support(for example the raising of farmers morale) are needed.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was aimed to examine the effect of employment status upon the subjective health status. Methods: The data of the study were from the 11th Korean Labor Panel Data, obtained by using a face to face interview method. These data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and multiple regression using the SPSS program. Results: There was a significant, statistical difference on the subjective health status according to employment status. The subjective health status of non-regular workers was lower than that of the regular workers. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of all subjects were economic status, age, gender, education, marital status, drinking, employment status, and egular work time. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of workers were age, economic status, gender, and education. The significant predictors of the subjective health status of non-regular workers were age, economic status, marital status, gender, education, and regular work time. Conclusion: These results indicate an association between the subjective health status and employment status. The subjective health status may be affected by instability of temporary employment. The additional research to clarify the role of employment instability is recommended. Research on social policy to resolve health inequalities is recommended.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.643-655
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• 2021

This study investigated the effect of the Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM) microfinancing on the economic, social, and household empowerment of women borrowers in Malaysia. The study used a quantitative approach based on primary data. For this study, the participants comprised 384 AIM borrowers from Terengganu, Kelantan, and Pahang in the east coast region of Malaysia. Purposive stratified random sampling was used as well as the Krejcie and Morgan method to count the number of samples. Descriptive statistics and the Women Empowerment Index (WEI) were used in the analysis. The study findings reveal that AIM microfinancing affects the economic, social, and household empowerment of women borrowers in Malaysia. However, in comparing the three categories, women enjoyed more freedom in social and household decision-making than in economic decision-making. The present study recommends policies for the successful and effective operation of microfinance programs by providing the necessary guidelines for the control of AIM loan for women borrowers; increasing income-generating activities, sufficient access of credit, and proper education for the borrowers; and giving economic freedom of choice with necessary skill training policymaking options for the government and NGOs with the aim to improve the total household income and empowerment of the microcredit borrowers in Malaysia.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2022

Nepotism practices have had a severe impact on the social, ethical, and economic culture of not only corporations but also countries in the modern world. Nepotism behavior not only discourages the determined and motivated employee, but also has a detrimental impact on the worker's satisfaction, performance, and contribution to the firm's success. This increases economic tensions due to workers' dissatisfaction with their jobs and occasionally withdrawal intentions, resulting in poor economic activity and a decline in society as a whole. The purpose of this study is to see how organizations' nepotism affects individual work happiness, withdrawal behavior, social and ethical values, and the country's economic development. The study's target audience was private-sector employees, including managers, non-managerial staff, and middle and lower-level employees. Convenient sampling was used to ensure that the target population was accessible and available. The findings demonstrated that organizational nepotism causes substantial harm not only to employees but also to businesses and the economy. The employee who is happy with his or her job and working environment is less likely to withdraw.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.78-89
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• 2008

This study is intended to analyse the economic sensitivity of imported fishery products due to decrease in or elimination of tariff rates through the progress of free trade. Forty-seven species of fishes were selected for this study on the basis of the HS Code. The substitution and price effects were calculated using the price elasticities of both domestic and imported demands for fishery products under the assumption of 5% decrease in a tariff rate. Seven main economic variables were extracted from the fishery industry which can mediate the substitution and price effects. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to obtain the influence weights of these main economic variables on both effects. The order of sensitivity of the fishes was calculated using these weights. The 47 fish species were classified into four groups according to their sensitivity based on the means and the standard deviations of their total scores on seven main economic considerations. Nine fish species such as squids, hair tails, shellfishes, and crabs belonged to the hyper-sensitive group, whereas 15 fishes such as eels, sea breams, and sea weeds belonged to the sensitive group. Twelve species including common sea basses, cods, and abalones were among the less-sensitive group, and 11 species including skate rays and mud fishes comprised the non-sensitive group.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.357-379
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• 2022

This study diagnoses the industrial varieties and innovation capacity of the Korean regional economy and discusses how the priority for autonomous regional development can be set. Since the late 1990s, regional development policies in Korea have been attempted from various angles to reduce the economic gap between the metropolitan area and non-metropolitan areas, but the establishment of a development strategy in consideration of regional industrial characteristics and innovation capabilities has been insufficient. With the advancement and diversification of technologies and industries, regions must seek strategic diversification to prepare for economic shocks, away from strategies that specialize in specific industries. In this study, industrial varieties in regional basis is characterized using unrelated and related varieties. Variety indices show different patterns between the metropolitan area and non-metropolitan areas and between manufacturing and service sectors, which raises the need to consider industrial characteristics in regional development. Lastly, using the variety index and the innovation capacity index as two dimensions, the regional economic status at the municipal level is categorized into four types, and proper regional development policy priorities are suggested for each type.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1993

The traditional farming method has very long history in the process of agricultural development. The application of chemical fertilizers production became most popular to increase quantities of agricultural production. The United States of America is one of largest countries in the world. There are at present 50 States and farming conditions are very different from each individual States. There are increasing trend of agricultural production by applying chemical fertilizers as well as sprays during last 50 years(1940-90). The disadvantages of conventional farming method were to destroy nature and human life. There were some other kinds of disadvantages such as nitriated contamination in drinking water both for human being and animals. The alternative farming method is one of new farming method reducing and/of non-application of chemical fertilizers and sprays in agricultural production. There is less economic research on alternative farming system about $5.444 economic advatages in organic farms comparing commercial farms at the same area. There are advantage of higher unit price level in orgnic products, decreasing chemical costs as well as effect of crop combinations. It is certainly necessary to have more empirical research on economic and management of alternative farming method in the United States of America. However, if there is economic advantage in alternative farming methods, the future development possibility of alternative farming method can be very bright in vear future. There might be more advantages such as soil conservation, better quality of agricultural products, better health conditions of farmer's and consumer's as well as keeping healthy environment of rural and urban areas.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.109-114
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to develop basic artificial neural network models in forecasting the in-sample gross domestic product (GDP) of Malaysia. GDP is one of the main indicators in presenting the macro economic condition of a country as set by the world authority bodies such as the World Bank. Hence, this study uses an artificial neural network-based approach to make predictions concerning the economic growth of Malaysia. This method has been proposed due to its ability to overcome multicollinearity among variables, as well as the ability to cope with non-linear problems in Malaysia's growth data. The selected inputs and outputs are based on the previous literatures as well as the economic growth theory. Therefore, the selected inputs are exports, imports, private consumption, government expenditure, consumer price index (CPI), inflation rate, foreign direct investment (FDI) and money supply, which includes M1 and M2. Whilst, the output is real gross domestic product growth rate. The results of this study showed that the neural network method gives the smallest value of mean error which is 0.81 percent with a total difference of 0.70 percent. This implies that the neural network model is appropriate and is a relevant method in forecasting the economic growth of Malaysia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.45
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• pp.201-213
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• 1998

We address the problem of choosing the most economic mean value for an automatic filling operation on a production line through the sampling inspection. If quality characteristic of a unit is less than inspection specification then the goods is not accepted. Otherwise, it is accepted. The lots that the numbers of non-conforming units in a sample are larger than the allowable number of non-conforming units are rejected. The non-conforming units in the rejected lots are separated by the screening inspection. The non-conforming units separated are sold in discount price. We assume that quality characteristic is larger-the-better characteristic, the distribution of quality characteristic is normal distribution, and the standard deviation of the distribution is known. This paper presents total expected profit function model considering sales revenue, inspection costs, and material costs. The manufacturing process mean value maximizing total expected profit is determined, and the results of the process target value and total expected profit is analyzed as coefficients change.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.829-837
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• 2021

The study investigates the impact of the Counter-Cyclical Buffer Policy (CCB) on regional development bank profitability in Sumatra, Indonesia. CCB requires banks to hold capital at times when credit is growing rapidly so that the buffer can be reduced if the financial cycle turns down or the economic and financial environment becomes substantially worse. This study employs time series data of regional development banks (RDBs) in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The methodology applied in this study is a panel dynamic model with Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM). The results show that increasing capital through the implementation of CCB did not have a significant effect on RDBs' profitability. The findings of this study suggest that the activation and implementation of CCB lead to an increase in the amount and cost of loans to companies but do not affect the profitability of RDBs. The value of a Non-Performing Loan (NPL) proved to have a negative and significant effect on bank profitability. The CCB policy aims to overcome the pro-cyclicality of credit growth and improve bank resilience through increased capital which is expected to reduce excessive credit growth as a source of systemic risk. This causes a lack of lending to the community so that the profits obtained by the bank decrease.