• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.435-446
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of the study were to describe outcomes of CHP activities, and to evaluate the economic validity of CHP through a cost-benefit analysis. Method : The sample size was 272. Data were collected using a researcher developed questionnaire from November 1999 to March, 2000. Result : The mean age of CHPs was 39.6 (SD-36). In regard to marital status, 90.8% of the respondents were married. 72% of the CHPs had associate degree. Among CHP activities, providing medical services was 50%, followed by home care visits 20% and health promotion services 20%, preventive services 10%. Total costs per month incurred to CHP activities was \3,053,437($2,442.7). Total benefits per month was \6,711,525($5,369.2). Hence, net benefit was calculated as \3,658,089($2,926). Conclusion : Cost-benefit ratio was 2.20, which provides the evidence of the economic viability of CHP program. The result of cost-benefit analysis, however, would more strongly support the economic value of CHP if intangible benefits of CHP activities such as decreases in pain and suffering and increased quality of life, could be counted.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Purpose - Economic status at an early stage of life after one's retirement is often determined by the long-term sacrifice of one's earlier consumption tendencies. In general, the first and foremost way to secure income after retirement is through annuity savings. People sign up for personal annuity savings in order to guarantee a stable economic life upon retirement, and such actions may be heavily influenced by self-efficacy. Confidence in current economic activity is a source of rational decision-making. Inability to achieve self-control can lead to reckless spending and the eventual hindering of proper investment for the future. This paper examines how self-efficacy and self-control affect the intention and action of enrolling in an annuity savings plan in relation to one's level of financial literacy. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze the proposed model, this study investigates financial consumers over the age of 20. The data were collected from 511 respondents and analyzed with SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. First, for the one-dimensional test and to measure the convergent validity of each structure, we use the scale purification process. The results of the test and the confirmatory factor analysis ensure the focus of the validity of the single dimension for each structure. In addition, the validity of the measurement was guaranteed from the results of correlation analysis. Results - First, self-efficacy and self-control have positive effects on the purchasing intention of the personal annuity savings plan. Second, purchasing intention positively affects purchasing behavior. Lastly, self-control has a positive effect on purchasing intention among the low financial literacy group, whereas self-efficacy does not have this effect in the high financial literacy one. Conclusions - The time of product benefit is different with age. The younger group would be granted the savings after several decades once they enroll, whereas the older group would wait for a relatively shorter period of time. Therefore, further research should be conducted in order to verify such a difference. However, this study has value through its confirmation that the roles of self-efficacy and self-control play a part in leading to the enrollment in annuity savings plans and by verifying different effects based on levels of financial literacy. Such results suggest a number of implications in a real life setting. First, banks need to put greater emphasis on the stability of annuity savings in general. Second, customers with relatively low levels of financial literacy are able to control their finances through annuity savings, but find self-efficacy difficult due to a lack of financial understanding. Therefore, such customers should be approached from an invest-effectiveness comparison method. Third, customers with high financial literacy tend to put more value in rational economic decision-making and behavior than in self-efficacy. Therefore, such customers should be approached by promoting the reliability of annuity savings and the excellence of the specific bank's annuity savings plan in comparison to those of other financial institutions.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2012

For rebuilding and managing fish stocks and fisheries, the biological and socioeconomic evaluations on fisheries management regulations are important. This study aimed to estimate the economic effectiveness of different mesh sizes in the yellow croaker gillnet fishery. In particular, by comparing economic effects of mesh sizes, 50mm and 52mm, it aimed to provide the economic validity for increasing mesh sizes. Analytical results showed that the fishing revenue was higher in the vessels using a mesh size over 52mm than that in the vessels using a mesh size less than 50mm. In addition, the effect of fishing cost reduction was also larger in the vessels using a mesh size over 52mm than that in the vessels using a mesh size less than 50mm.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.567-573
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• 2002

2차원 MT모델링을 수행하여 지자기 수직탐사(GDS)에서의 차이 지시자의 유용성을 조사하였다. 해양과 육지에 위치하는 전도체의 전자기적인 상호 결합 정도는 차이 지시자의 유용성을 판단하는 기준으로서 본 연구에서는 해양과 전도체의 공간적인 위치와 주기에 따른 상호 결합을 조사하였다. 전도체가 지표에 존재하는 경우 해양에서 충분히 떨어져 있거나 사용된 주기가 장주기일 때 차이 지시자가 유용하였고, 전도체가 심부에 매몰된 경우에는 상호 결합이 약해 전 주기에서 차이 지시자가 물리적인 의미를 가졌다. 그러나 전도체가 지표로부터 심부까지 확장되어 있는 경우 상호 결합이 장주기까지 강하게 영향을 미쳐 차이 지시자의 유용성을 확신할 수 없다. 따라서 획득된 유도 지시자로 부터 해양처럼 이미 알고 있는 전도체의 효과를 제거하기 위해서는 수치 모델링을 통한 전도체 간의 상호 결합에 대한 정보가 요구되며 상호 결합이 큰 경우 차이 지시자의 해석은 정확하지 않으므로 주의해야한다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2005

경제 클러스터와 도시 고용중심지에 대한 연구는 최근 지리학 분야에서 매우 중요하게 다루어지고 있다. 그러나 경제 클러스터 탐색을 위한 기존 연구들은 탐색방법의 내재적 한계, 선형 클러스터 탐색의 비효율성, 경제적 유의성 검증의 부족등의 문제를 내포하고있다 본 연구의 목적은 경제 클러스터 탐색방법으로서 통계적, 경제적 유의성을 검증하는 VCEC(Variable Clumping method for Economic Clusters)를 제안하는 것이고, 이를 바탕으로 미국 뉴욕주 이리 카운티(Erie County)의 경제 중심지 탐색을 위한 실증적 경험 사례분석을 하는 것이다. 다양한 탐색 반경과 총 고용인구 한계치의 적용을 통해 통계적, 경제적인 유의성을 가진 경제중심지 탐색이 가능하였다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program, created in 2001 in the United States due to 9.11 terrorist's attack, fundamentally changed the trade environment. Korea, which introduced AEO program in 2009, has become one of the world's top countries in the program by ranking 6th in the number of AEO certified companies and the world's No. 1 in MRA (Mutual Recognition Agreement) conclusions. In this paper, we examined what trade-economic and non-economic effects the AEO program and its MRA have in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: In this study we developed a model to verify the impact between utilization of AEO and trade-economic effects of the AEO and its MRA. After analyzing the validity and reliability of the model through Structural Equation Model we conducted a survey to request AEO companies to respond their experience on the effects of AEO program and MRA. As a result, 196 responses were received from 176 AEO companies and utilized in the analysis. Results: With regard to economic effects, the AEO program and the MRA have not been directly linked to financial performance, such as increased sales, increased export and import volumes, reduced management costs, and increased operating profit margins. However, it was analyzed that the positive effects of supply chain management were evident, such as strengthening self-security, monitoring and evaluating risks regularly, strengthening cooperation with trading companies, enhancing cargo tracking capabilities, and reducing the time required for export and import. Conclusions: When it comes to the trade-economic effects of AEO program and its MRA, AEO companies did not satisfy with direct effects, such as increased sales and volume of imports and exports, reduced logistics costs. However, non-economic effects, such as reduced time in customs clearance, freight tracking capability, enhanced security in supply chain are still appears to be big for them. In a rapidly changing trade environment the AEO and MRA are still useful. Therefore the government needs to encourage non-AEO companies to join the AEO program, expand MRA conclusion with AEO adopted countries especially developing ones and help AEO companies make good use of AEO and MRA.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.131-154
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• 2008

본 연구는 선박 초대형화에 따른 부산항의 대응전략 중 증심준설 전략을 체계적으로 분석하였다. 기존의 연구와 달리 재무적 타당성에 근거한 증심준설 전략을 수립함으로서 부산항의 동북아 물류중심화 계획에 일조하고자 하였다. 국제 항만물류의 환경변화를 살펴본 후 부산항의 증심여건과 각 부두별 증심준설 비용 및 수익을 추정하여 부두별/시나리 오별 재무적 타당성 분석을 실시하였다. 재무적 타당성 분석결과, 부산 북항 전체를 16m로 증심하는 것은 그 경제적 타당성을 확보하기 어려운 것으로 판단되며, 증심 우선순위는 신선대(1안), 신선대(1안)와 감만(1안), 신선대(1안)와 감만(2안), 신선대(2안)와 감만(2안), 신선대(2안)와 감만(2안) 및 신감만(1안)의 순으로 나타났다. 한편 신항의 경우, 선박의 초대형화 추세를 고려할 때 16m로의 증심은 재무적 타당성을 확보할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 신항 전체 준설의 경우, 분석기간을 30년으로 확장하면 20만 TEU물량증가효과 (또는 물량방어효과)에 대해서도 재무적 타당성이 확보되며, 초대형선 입출항 가능 선석이 30개에 이른다는 점을 감안하면 20만 TEU 정도의 물량증가효과 (또는 물량방어효과)는 충분히 발생할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Purpose - This study investigates the effect of strategic orientation on market performance with emphasis on the mediative role of innovation capability, economic value and relational value in food producer companies. Research design, data, and methodology - In this descriptive study, a population of 244 managers and employees of Food industry companies in Tehran were investigated. The respondents filled a questionnaire on strategic orientation, innovation capability, economic value, relational value and market performance, during January to August 2018. Reliability and validity were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis. To analyze the data, Spearman's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used by SmartPLS software. Results - Effects of competitor's orientation and technology orientation on all three intermediary variables were positive and significant. The effect of customer orientation on innovation and economic value was positive and significant, but the effect of customer orientation on the value of the relationship was insignificant. Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on innovation capability. The effects of three mediator variables on market performance are positive and significant. Conclusions - As the relationship between the mediator variables and market performance were positive and significant, companies should have a comprehensive plan of focus on strengthening these variables.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.518-531
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to develop and test a measurement for assessment of stress of female marriage immigrants in Korea. Methods: Forty four preliminary items were initially developed based on literature review and focus group interviews. Those items were evaluated by experts for content validity, resulting in six factors and 26 items. The 26 items were translated into Chinese, Vietnamese, and English by professional translators and were reviewed by native speakers of each language who are fluent in Korean. For testing validity and reliability, data were collected from 323 female marriage immigrants residing in five regions in Korea. Results: As a result of item analysis, 25 items were selected. Factor analysis yielded 21 items in four factors, including 1) household economic 2) parenting and discrimination 3) cultural and 4) emotional stressors, explaining 61.3% of the total variance of stress of female marriage immigrants in Korea. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .903 for the overall instrument and .692-.892 for four factors. Conclusion: Measurement of stress for female marriage immigrants in Korea has high validity and reliability. Therefore, this measurement may be utilized for systematic assessment of stress and for identification of areas of support for female marriage immigrants in Korea.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.62-73
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• 2001

The scope of this study is focused on the survey of new logistics transportation systems in railroad and case studies of new systems such as piggyback system, bi-modal system swapbody, and double stack train(DST). Piggyback system, bi-modal system, swapbody, and double stack train are reviewed in term of technological validity and economic validity in Korea. Piggyback - trailer does pass loaded weight limits but does not pass train limits and can not utilize the existing freight cars. Piggyback - cargo trunk does pass all the criteria and could be developed by a domestic technology. But this study suggests to expand the length of train cars to 18.300mm for accommodation of two cargo trucks. Bi-modal system and swapbody do also pass. Double stack train could only pass the loaded weights and does not meet the train limit and the possibility of using existing freight cars. Domestic technology could not development DST, due to civil engineering construction limits and low standard height of electric line, which could not afford to operate DST.