• Architectural research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Social housing has a long history in Germany from the first still existing social housing ever, the "Fuggerei" in Augsburg (founded in 1521), over the last 100 years from the end of World War I to today's situation where the need in social housing has increased while the number of housing projects and the number of existing apartments in this program has decreased or ended. Socio-economic changes like demographic evolution, more single households, greater working abilities in bigger cities and an unforeseen highly increased number of migrants within Europe mostly but also from other countries led to the need of affordable housing for a growing number of people who are not able to care for their housing needs in their own responsibility. This is especially true for bigger cities, where the offer of affordable housing is nearly non-existing any more. The family Fugger, a trade and banking dynasty at their time, established a very modern housing concept, providing good and healthy living space for their workers. In 2018 now some trade companies, discounters (ALDI, LIDL, Norma) and IKEA announce to combine their interest in sales in the inner cities with the municipal interest of redensification of existing housing areas and conversion to ecological urban reconstructuring.

• 도시과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2019

The goal of this study is to examine municipality comprehensive plans by recognizing the problem that adverse impacts of urban regeneration impede the sustainability of specific renewal project. 10 major cities in Korea that are experiencing urban decline were chosen for the study area and plan evaluation indexes were adopted based on the sustainable urban regeneration principles in terms of environmental, social, and economic aspects. Plan evaluation was conducted by employing the content analysis method and developed assessment indexes for three sectors (factual basis, goal/objective, and policy/action) of plan. The findings show that policies, such as 'expansion of parks in urban area,' 'pedestrian-oriented street improvement project,' and 'countermeasures for local industry revitalization,' should be fundamentally included in adopting sustainable urban regeneration plans. Plan scores regarding sustainable urban regeneration had an insignificant relationship with the status of administrative district and plan adopted year. This is because metropolitan municipalities, including Ulsan, Daejeon, and Daegu, received relatively low plan score compared to local governments like Goyang and Suwon. Also, Daegu and Suwon, which established their comprehensive plan in 2018 obtained lower score than Seoul and Incheon, where its plans were created before 2015. Evaluation protocol and indexes that were suggested in this study can be used while reorganizing each locality's comprehensive plan, and thus, play as one of major bases in preparing future sustainable urban regeneration projects.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1715-1724
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• 2015

이 연구는 정부의 목재산업진흥 종합계획에 기초하여 장기적인 산림의 영급구조 변화와 국내재 공급 가능성에 대해 살펴보았다. 목재는 주벌과 수종갱신, 피해지 벌채, 솎아베기 등을 통하여서만 공급된다고 가정하였다. 영급별 면적의 동태적인 변화를 추정하기 위하여 코호트 관계식을 이용하였다. 2010년 전체 시업지의 7.7%에 불과하던 6영급 면적이 크게 증가하여 2100년에는 약 73% 정도를 차지할 것으로 분석되었다. 반면 다른 영급의 면적은 5.3~5.6%의 분포를 나타낼 것으로 전망된다. 목재공급에 있어서는 주벌에 의한 생산이 93~95%를 차지할 것으로 예상된다. 2영급과 3영급의 면적에 좌우되는 솎아베기 생산량은 면적의 감소와 함께 점진적으로 줄어들 것으로 예상된다. 국내재 예상 공급을 선행연구 결과로 제시된 국내재 예상 수요와 비교하여 자급률을 계산한 결과 2050년에 83% 정도 될 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.113-137
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• 2005

In the provisions of 'the Arbitration Law of China, there are special provisions for international arbitration. When a court refuses the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards or cancel the domestic awards relating to international arbitration, they have to adopt the provisions of 'Chinese Civil Procedure Law'. These provisions are the same as the provisions of Korean Civil Procedure Law concerning the reasons of renewal. In the Korean Arbitration Act, those provisions disappeared when it was revised on December 31, 1999. Among the characteristics of the Chinese arbitration system, a serious question is that it provides only institutional arbitration and there is no ad-hoc arbitration in the Chinese Arbitration Law. On the other hand, when the parties appoint three arbitrators according to their agreement, the parties appoint the third arbitrator by mutual agreement and when they fail to agree, the Arbitration Committee appoints the third arbitrator. In practice, as the parties hardly agree on the third arbitrator or sole arbitrator, the Committee usually appoints them. And appointing an arbitrator from out of their panel of arbitrators is permitted these days only under examination by the Arbitration Committee in accordance with the arbitration rules of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, Other arbitration committees except the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission are still prohibited from making appointments from out of their panel of arbitrators. Accordingly, arbitration in China cannot be predicted and poses a question about legal stability as party autonomy is restricted in the appointment of arbitrators and arbitral procedure. Such being the case it is strongly recommended to select Korea as the place of arbitration in transactions with China. However it is better to arbitrate than to file a law suit in China.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2020

In order to accommodate the increase in urban population due to government-led national planning and economic growth, many buildings such as houses and business building were supplied. Although the building law was revised and managed to manage the supplied buildings, for the sake of economic benefit, there have been buildings that are enlarged or reconstructed without declaring building permits. In order to manage these buildings, on-site surveys were conducted. but it has many personnel consumption. To solve this problem, a method of using a satellite image and a manned aircraft is utilized, but it is diseconomical and a renewal cycle is long. In addition, it is not utilized to the height, and although it is judged by the shading of the building, it has limitations that it must be calculated individually. In this study, height of the building was calculated by using the unmanned aerial vehicle with low personnel consumption, and the accuracy was verified by comparison with the building register and measured value. In this study, spatial information was constructed using a fast unmanned aerial vehicle with low manpower consumption and the building height was calculated based on this. The accuracy by comparing the calculated building height with the building register and the actual measurement.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

Purpose - The year 2016 marks 20 years since the opening of Korean distribution market in 1996. After this opening, the domestic market expanded and modernized, and has grown to become an advanced distribution market with a greater range of consumer choices. On the other hand, traditional markets have waned and their management has become worse. However, traditional markets do not have economic value alone. This study examines the effects of social value in traditional market such as the value of Cultural Tourism and the value of Sharing Community with Traditional Market on Satisfaction, Loyalty and Place Attachment of the residents. Research design, data and methodology - A questionnaire was organized for this study after a hypothesis was set based on theoretical background. Verification of the hypothesis was undertaken by statistically analyzing questionnaire responses. Personal interviews were performed for this study, and a total of 300 responses were collected, of which 228 responses (76%) were from women. The survey coverage was divided into 10 regions ranging from metropolitan areas to the provincial level, and the age groups were divided into 30s to 60s to ensure diversity of the area and age. Results - To summarize the study results, through verification of the hypothesis in terms of meaningful influence, it appears the values of Cultural Tourism to Satisfaction and Loyalty are supported. On the other hand, the value of Sharing Community is only supported for Satisfaction. It appears that Satisfaction to Loyalty and Loyalty to Place Attachment are meaningful effects. The mediator effect was also reconciled through satisfaction and loyalty. Loyalty was analyzed in terms of mediating the effect of satisfaction on place attachment. Conclusions - It is noted in this study that government support is required to preserve traditional markets and renewal program. Community requires multilateral communication and the formation of effective relationships. In contrast to the economic value emphasized by large retailers, the empirical analysis of the non-economic effects of traditional markets has presented the significance of socio-cultural values in traditional markets. In the future, socio-cultural values and economic values should be integrated into more empirical studies through mutual comparison. Investigating the increase and decrease of social value in traditional markets will help the future formulation in government policy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1072-1079
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• 2015

발효 폐기물의 대부분을 차지하는 주박은 발효 후 알코올성 발효액을 필터, 원심분리 또는 증류 후에 얻어지는 찌꺼기 및 1차 제조된 제품의 숙성과정 중에 생성되는 찌꺼기를 말한다. 국내 전통주 주박은 식용 원재료와 다양한 약용작물을 첨가하고 이를 누룩으로 발효시켜 제조하여, 안전성이 확보되면서 생리활성이 우수한 장점을 가지고 있다. 최근의 탁주 위주의 전통주 시장 성장으로 주박 생산량은 빠르게 증가되고 있으며, 이의 폐기물 처리는 더욱 엄격해지고 있으나, 국내에서는 아직 전통주 주박의 효율적인 재이용에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 본 총설에서는 전통주 주박의 산업동향, 연구동향 및 특허동향을 분석하고, 전통주 주박의 유용생리활성물질들을 제시하였다. 전통주 주박은 단순 발효폐기물이라는 인식에서 벗어나, 식량, 식품첨가물, 비료, 사료, 미생물 배양원, 기능성 식품소재, 향장 및 미용소재의 고부가가치 발효소재 공급원이라는 인식의 전환이 필요하며, 향후 재처리 기술, 유용물질 회수기술 개발을 위한 체계적인 산학관 연계와 연구가 필요하다.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.237-254
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• 2020

빈집문제에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지면서 국가와 지자체 차원에서 문제를 해소하기 위한 노력을 지속하고 있다. 문제에 대한 적절한 처방을 위해서는 빈집 발생의 원인에 대한 분석이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 인천광역시 원도심을 대상으로 빈집 발생 영향요인을 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 특히, 주택, 근린 차원의 미시적 환경과 지역 차원의 거시적 환경의 영향을 종합적으로 살펴보는데 집중하였다. 분석에 앞서 문헌 고찰을 통해 빈집 발생의 다양한 영향요인을 탐색하였으며, 주택(1수준), 근린(2수준), 지역(3수준) 3개의 수준으로 구성된 다층모형(multi-level model)을 구축하고 분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 주택 부지의 규모, 형상, 접도 여부가 빈집 발생과 밀접하며, 근린 내 경사도와 정비구역 지정의 영향이 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 독거노인 가구 비율과 공시지가, 지가변화율, 신규 주택 비율 등 지역 수준의 영향도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 주택 부지와 근린환경의 물리적 열악함, 지역의 경제적·사회적 취약성이 복합적으로 작용하여 빈집 발생 가능성을 높인다는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구에서는 분석 결과를 토대로 빈집문제 해소를 위한 다차원적 대응 전략이 필요하며, 정비구역 지정이나 신규주택 공급 등의 정책 결정으로 인해 빈집이 발생하지 않도록 하여야 한다는 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

울진 소광리 금강소나무림은 전통적으로 목재생산 목적의 소나무 보호지역(봉산)이었으며, 현재는 산림청 산림유전 자원보호구역으로 지정·관리되고 있다. 본 연구는 지형 특성, 현존식생, 수령, 식물군집구조를 분석하여 임목생산을 목적으로 한 울진 소광리 금강소나무림의 지속가능한 관리방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 대상지 지형 특성은 능선 36.7%, 계곡 38.7%로 능선과 계곡의 비율이 유사하였으며, 사면은 전체 면적의 24.7%로 좁게 형성되어 있었다. 소나무림 군집 유형은 소나무림의 갱신 진행상태, 낙엽활엽수 등 타 수종과의 경쟁상태, 층위구조 형성 여부 등을 기준으로 6개 유형으로 구분되었다. 대경목 소나무(흉고직경 40~60cm)의 수령은 약 60~70년 내외로 비교적 수령이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 상대우점치 및 층위구조를 분석한 결과, 소나무림 갱신 사업의 진행 정도에 따라 차이를 보이고 있었고, 소나무림의 유지뿐만 아니라 소나무 후계림의 조성, 소나무의 밀도 조절, 경쟁수목에 대한 적극적 관리를 실시하고 있었다. 군집별 평균 흉고단면적은 400m² 방형구를 기준으로 교목층은 12,642.1~25,424.4cm², 아교목층은 1.8~1,956.5cm²이었다. 흉고단 면적의 차이는 교목층을 형성하는 수목의 규격과 개체수, 소나무림의 갱신 정도(소나무 간벌 후 시간경과 정도)에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 군집별 평균 출현 종수는 8.7~20.3종으로 계곡부에 위치하고 있는 유형과 관리가 이루어지지 않아 낙엽활엽수와의 경쟁이 진행 중인 유형에서 출현 종수가 많았다. 종다양도는 0.6915~1.0942로 온대중부지역 소나무군집과 비교하여 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 울진 소광리 금강소나무림의 관리목표는 경제적 가치가 높은 목재생산으로 설정하였으며, 지속적인 조림 및 목재생산 체계 구축, 목재생산량 증진을 위한 효율적 식생관리를 관리방향으로 제시하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

This study aims to examine the characteristics of the changes in residents' perception of neighborhood and sense of neighborhood according to the residential structural changes caused by city renewal projects such as old urban large redevelopment. Research findings benefits of the residential environment changes after the development are environment improvement, convenient traffic, leisure activity increase, and green area increase, whereas their drawbacks are encroachment of sunshine and view, However, with the regard to the relationship with neighbors, paired-sample t-test results showed there were no statistically significant differences between before and after the development. It appeared to be that the community residential complex development did not influence the relationship with neighbors. ANOVA was used to examine the differences in the neighborhood perception among age categories. The results showed that there were no differences between age groups but when there were changes in their life cycle, residents showed differences in their neighborhood perception among age groups. The neighborhood perception was measured on 5-point Likert Scale in four factors of intimacy, participation, reliability, and group identity. The perception decreased somewhat after the development and the group identity, especially, showed a significant difference (p<.001). This was considered to be caused by a sense of incongruity due to the influx of different social-economic groups.