• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze mediating effect of social outcome between value realization efforts and economic outcome of social entrprises. Data for the analysis is collected from Social Enterprise Promotion Agency. The results of anaylsis are first social value realization efforts had no positive effect on economic outcome of the social enterprises. But social outcome had a significant mediating effect between social value realization efforts and economic outcome. Through this, it was confirmed that although a social enterprise is a hybrid organization that must pursue both social and economic outcome, social value realization efforts go through a social outcome that affects economic outcome. mediating social performance This is expected to have implications for the role of social value realization efforts and social outcome in order to increase the economic outcome of social enterprises.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.159-163
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• 2013

Background: This study used Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) pancreatic cancer data to identify predictive models and potential socio-economic disparities in pancreatic cancer outcome. Materials and Methods: For risk modeling, Kaplan Meier method was used for cause specific survival analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test was used to compare survival curves. The Cox proportional hazard method was applied for multivariate analysis. The area under the ROC curve was computed for predictors of absolute risk of death, optimized to improve efficiency. Results: This study included 58,747 patients. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 7.6 (10.6) months. SEER stage and grade were strongly predictive univariates. Sex, race, and three socio-economic factors (county level family income, rural-urban residence status, and county level education attainment) were independent multivariate predictors. Racial and socio-economic factors were associated with about 2% difference in absolute cause specific survival. Conclusions: This study s found significant effects of socio-economic factors on pancreas cancer outcome. These data may generate hypotheses for trials to eliminate these outcome disparities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7133-7136
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• 2013

Background: We studied Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) breast cancer data of Georgia USA to analyze the impact of socio-economic factors on the disparity of breast cancer treatment outcome. Materials and Methods: This study explored socio-economic, staging and treatment factors that were available in the SEER database for breast cancer from Georgia registry diagnosed in 2004-2009. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was computed for each predictor to measure its discriminatory power. The best biological predictors were selected to be analyzed with socio-economic factors. Survival analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov 2-sample tests and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used for univariate and multivariate analyses of time to breast cancer specific survival data. Results: There were 34,671 patients included in this study, 99.3% being females with breast cancer. This study identified race and education attainment of county of residence as predictors of poor outcome. On multivariate analysis, these socio-economic factors remained independently prognostic. Overall, race and education status of the place of residence predicted up to 10% decrease in cause specific survival at 5 years. Conclusions: Socio-economic factors are important determinants of breast cancer outcome and ensuring access to breast cancer treatment may eliminate disparities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.6 s.181
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• pp.787-801
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• 2006

Focused in the characteristic of R&D on Geoscience and Mineral Resources as basic research area, we survey on methods of public works' economic impact analysis including cost-benefit analysis and resent technology evaluation methods and suggest apply-methods to conduct economic impact analysis on R&D of geoscience and mineral resources. To conduct economic impact analysis on the basic research area, it need to identification research's out-come not just output. In this perspective, we propose a method, Input-Output-Outcome Roadmapping to identify the outcome of R&D and show the relation of input, output, and outcome of R&D. Furthermore, noticing the different effects of R&D from public works, we directly evaluate the use-value of the academic theory or geological maps through Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) and others developed as evaluation methods on environmental goods. In indirect application methods, it can evaluate the partial of the pubic works' benefit with assuming R&D factors if R&D is a part of public works. If not, we evaluate the R&D's value as reductions of costs or additions of benefit with finding related public works.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2014

Background: This study analyzed whether socio-economic factors affect the cause specific survival of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) soft tissue sarcoma (STS) data were used to identify potential socio-economic disparities in outcome. Time to cause specific death was computed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used for univariate and multivariate tests, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating curve were computed for predictors for comparison. Results: There were 42,016 patients diagnosed STS from 1973 to 2009. The mean follow up time (S.D.) was 66.6 (81.3) months. Stage, site, grade were significant predictors by univariate tests. Race and rural-urban residence were also important predictors of outcome. These five factors were all statistically significant with Cox analysis. Rural and African-American patients had a 3-4% disadvantage in cause specific survival. Conclusions: Socio-economic factors influence cause specific survival of soft tissue sarcoma. Ensuring access to cancer care may eliminate the outcome disparities.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.53-68
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• 2010

This paper empirically evaluates the effects of regional and industrial R&D on the performances of individual firms in two separated stages: (1) the stage of technological outcome from R&D and (2) the stage of economic outcome from technological outcome. Technological spillovers are separated from negative congestion effects through the stage-specific estimation. The firm-level Korean Innovation Survey data merit in coping with the endogeneity problem inherent in the estimation of spillovers. The estimation results show that: (1) there exist significant R&D spillovers both in regional and industrial dimensions, (2) the hypothesized technological spillovers and economic congestion effects are both in effect, and (3) firms with smaller individual R&D investments show greater spillovers.

• 재활복지
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.177-196
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• 2013

The object of this article is to examine the effect of the quota-levy system on employment outcome of people with disabilities in Korea. Merging the data from disability employment report of 16,246 businesses in 2011 and the macroeconomic indicators such as regional economic condition, the author analyzes the effect of quota-levy system on employment outcome of persons with disabilities by using Hierarchical Linear Model(HLM). The finding is that imposing the levy on businesses affects employment outcome of people with disabilities but regional economic condition does not. The rate of employees with disabilities of the levied business is 0.7%p higher than that of the other business. The result of analysis implies that employment outcome of people with disabilities is influenced by the quota-levy system rather than regional economic condition.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2012

This study investigates the differences of recognition about geo-technologies outcome between experts and nonexperts. Based on these findings, this study would offer suggestions for future communication strategies on research outcome in a various field of scientific research as well as KIGAM. The result shows that there are differences between expert and nonexpert in the level of recognition about geoscience research outcome. The findings of this study emphasize the needs for recognizing the concept that geo-technologies are directly related to people's lives and external communication is necessary.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.625-633
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• 2021

Bangladesh's growing foreign aid has sparked controversy over whether it affects the country's economic performance. This review assesses foreign aid's influence on the country's economic growth with annual data covering the 1989-2018 period. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is applied to achieve the research objective, and the empirical results indicate a substantial and robust impact of foreign assistance on economic growth. The outcome further reveal that domestic investment also contributes significantly to the country's economic evolution. However, trade openness plays a substantial positive role in the short run, although the impact is immaterial in the long run. The empirical findings indicate that the association between aid, domestic investment, and growth has a confident meaningful effect at 1 per cent level in the long run, whereas aid influences more than domestic investment. However, in the short run, aid, domestic investment, trade openness, and growth show positive and noteworthy response also at 1 percent level. This review undertakes a detailed analysis about the country's economic growth, and grounded on its outcome, this work suggests that focus should be placed more on creating domestic investment, promoting more export, and allocation of aid should be determined by the relative needs of the country.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.95-119
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the shopping values(utilitarian and hedonic values) sought and the risks(economic, functional, socio-psychological, and privacy) perceived by consumers who participate in Internet auctions by determining the factors that affect their shopping values and risk perceptions. Empirical data were collected by an Internet survey of netizens who were interested in and had experience in Internet auctions. Questionnaires were distributed to the subjects through an Internet survey site and at an Internet auction cafe. A total of 300 questionnaires were analyzed. The results showed that consumers showed a slightly greater pursuit of a utilitarian value than a hedonic outcome in their Internet auction practices; however the outcomes pursued by consumers in their teens and twenties tended to be more hedonic than utilitarian. Consumers with a higher level of innovation, self-confidence in purchase, and need for information searching showed a greater pursuit of utilitarian and hedonic outcomes. The group of consumers with a higher expectation for legal protection pursued a more utilitarian outcome, whereas the group of consumers with higher influence from the reference group pursued a more hedonic outcome. The consumers showed that they perceived functional risk as boing most serious, followed by privacy risk, economic risk, and socio-psychological risk. Subjects with higher degrees of innovation, self-confidence in purchase and self-control perceived economic risk as critical. Functional risk was perceived to be highest in the group of consumers with self-control and a need for information searching, whereas socio-psychological risk was perceived to be highest in the group of consumers showing more self-control. Privacy risk was perceived to be highest in the group of consumers with a higher degree of innovation and lowest in both groups of higher and lower affection. Both economic and privacy risks were perceived to be lower in the group of lower pursuit of a hedonic outcome.