• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.244-250
• /
• 2006

The ichthyofauna and fish community structure were investigated at five stations in Yeongok stream, Gangneung, during April and December 2005 monthly. During the surveyed period twenty nine species belonging to ten families were collected. Dominant species in number was Zacco platypus (relative abundance : 29.0%) and subdominant was Rhynchocypris steindachneri (12.1%). There were six Korean endemic species including Rhynchocypris kumgangensis. Koreocobitis rotundicaudata and Luciogobius guttatus that were not reported in near streams were collected in Yeongok stream only. Ladislabia taczanowskii was considered as a geographically important species. There were stabilized fish community structure with species diversity index of the community 2.521 in Yeongok stream ichthyofauna.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.73-92
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to establish the conservation and restoration areas for sustainable stream management by reflecting the ecological health, cultural characteristics, and the citizens' needs for stream uses. Therefore, we extended spatial ranges of stream evaluation to riparian areas in addition to stream sections. The evaluation indexes are stream naturalness, availability, biota assessment, and riparian characteristics such as land uses and legally protected areas. The grading system was unified with five classes. The spatial evaluation units for stream section are classified as right and left for laterally and 500m for longitudinally. For riparian areas, 30m and 100m of distance from the edge of stream are applied as spatial evaluation units. The six types of stream sections for management are conservation sections(priority/general) and restoration sections(priority/general) for ecological landscape and core and general sections for cultural landscape. The established system for evaluation and designating areas for stream management was applied to Jeonjucheon and Samcheon in Jeonju-si, and the conservation and restoration areas were designated reflecting the characteristics of urban and non-urban areas and left and right of stream sections. The results of this study will provide detailed guidelines for designating stream sections and practical management strategies for sustainable urban stream management.

• Water Engineering Research
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.131-147
• /
• 2005

Today, a trend that tries to return the artificial space of a river to a natural one is expanding. But in Korea, which lies in the monsoon climate zone, rivers endure flood damage every year. Moreover, climatic change from global warming causes severe variations in precipitation patterns. Until recently, river restoration practices in Korea have followed partial restoration. These restorative treatments transformed artificial structures of the stream to natural ones and introduced natural vegetation by imitating natural or semi-natural streams. Treatment transformed the riparian structure and increased the diversity of micro-topography and vegetation. Furthermore, restoration recovered species composition, increased species diversity, and inhibited the establishment of exotic species. In particular, the Suip stream, which was left to its natural process for approximately 50 years, recovered its natural features almost completely through passive restoration. An urban stream, the Yangjae, and a rural stream, the Dongmoon, were restored partially by applying ecological principles. On the contrary, technological treatment applied to recover flood damage induced species composition far from the natural vegetation and decreased species diversity. Additionally, this treatment increased exotic species. The same results were found also in benthic invertebrate and fish fauna. The above-mentioned results reflect the importance of ecological considerations in river management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.442-448
• /
• 2007

This study was carried out to assess the improved aspects of ecological conditions in a small stream, where eco-technological restorations such as gabion-crib mattress arrangement and soil-arresting wicker fence work had already been made up to stabilize the physically and ecologically damaged streambank. Six metrics by diatoms including species richness, Shannon diversity, saprobic index by DAIpo, percent sensitive diatoms, percent of Achnanthes minutissima, dominant index were analysed to assess the ecological integrity of small stream. By generalizing the changed values of six metrics on the stream flow from upper point(ST.1) to lower point(ST.3), it was found that the effect value of ecological condition improvement went up to as much as 33.9% on the average. The results suggested that eco-technological restoration treatment applied to this study is considerably effective for preserving the ecological integrity of small stream.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.156-163
• /
• 2008

This study was to introduce a methodology of ecological health assessment for efficient management and to provide some diagnostic results of the survey. We evaluated ecological health assessment at five sampling locations of Sikjang Mountainous Stream using the index of biological integrity (IBI) and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) during May - October 2006. The health condition, based on the IBI model, averaged 32 and varied from 27 to 37 depending on the sampling sites. Thus, the stream health was judged as "good" to "fair" conditions. IBI values showed slight differences between upstream and downstream sites. Whereas, QHEI values varied from 75 (fair condition) to 196 (excellent condition) and QHEI at St. 4~5, indicating the downstream reach had significantly lower than the headwater site (St.1). Regression analyses also showed that QHEI values had a linear decrease from the headwater to downstream. This result indicated that habitat quality was rapidly degradated by human influence. Overall, data of IBI and QHEI suggested that the stream health was maintained well in the present but the habitat and biological quality were partially degradated in the downstream. So, the human interference should be minimized to protect the downstream environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.102-119
• /
• 2004

This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Bokha stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into five types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. The major results of this study are as follows: 1) A pool connected to the main stream has a certain water depth (about 80 cm) and is disturbed at least 5 to 6 times a year. Although the pool has a somewhat bad water quality, it provides a habitat for various types of young fish. 2) A meander riffle is about 15 cm deep, the flow velocity in the region is about 75 cm/s. This region does not have large structures to which aquatic insects can attach, so it cannot be used as a spawning ground. 3) A rock type pool is about 60 cm deep, the flow velocity in the meander riffle is about 25 cm/s. In this region, many aquatic insects attached to large structures appear. Due to various riparian vegetation, the rock type pool is used as a habitat for aquatic insects. 4) A pool which is only connected to the main stream during floods has a bad water quality. Despite of its relatively small size, it has a high population density of aquatic insects. faculty.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2006

Landscape structure, habitat types, vegetation structure and biodiversity in the Bokha stream chosen as a reference stream were investigated to get ecological information necessary for restoration of urban stream degraded by excessive artificial interference. Landscape structure showed a slight change between before and after flooding. Habitat types of nine sorts were identified based on ecological information obtained from field survey such as micro-topography, hydrological characteristics, disturbance regime, and so on. Each habitat holds specific organisms to each site. Consequently, the number of plant communities, and species of benthos and fish increased as the kinds of habitat type increase. Ordination of habitat types based on vegetation, benthos, and fish data reorganized them into three groups of pool types of two kinds depending on whether they are connected to the water course or not and riffle one. Vegetation showed different stratification and species composition depending on topographical position in relation to disturbance cycle. Based on the results from this study, relationship between environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity was discussed and a restoration plan was suggested in a viewpoint of vegetation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 2016

Background: Previous studies on the biological integrity on habitat and landuse patterns demonstrated ecological stream health in the view of regional or macrohabitat scale, thus ignored the mesoscale habitat patterns of pool, riffle, and runs in the stream health analysis. The objective of this study was to analyze influences on the mesohabitat structures of pool, riffle, and run reaches on the fish guilds and biological integrity in Geum-River Watershed. Results: The mesohabitat structures of pool, riffle, and run reaches influenced the ecological stream health along with some close relations on the fish trophic and tolerance guilds. The mesoscale components altered chemical water quality such as nutrients (TN, TP) and BOD and these, then, determined the primary productions, based on the sestonic chlorophyll-a. The riffle-reach had good chemical conditions, but the pool-reach had nutrient enrichments. The riffle-reach had a predominance of insectivores, while the pool-reach has a predominance of omnivores. Also, the riffle-reach had high proportions of sensitive fish and insectivore fish, and the pool-reach had high proportions of tolerant species in the community composition. The intermediate fish species in tolerance and omnivorous fish species in the food linkage dominated the community in the watershed, and the sensitive and insectivorous fishes decreased rapidly with a degradation of the water quality. All the habitat patterns were largely determined by the land-use patterns in the watershed. Conclusions: Trophic guilds and tolerance guilds of fish were determined by land-use pattern and these determined the stream health, based on the Index of Biological Integrity. This study remarks the necessity to include additional variables to consider information provided by mesohabitats and land-use distributions within the selected stream stretch. Overall, our data suggest that land-use pattern and mesohabitat distribution are important factors to be considered for the trophic and tolerance fish compositions and chemical gradients as well as ecological stream health in the watershed.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2015

Topsoil including numerous soil seedbanks has been known to be a valuable material for ecological restoration. There is a lack of specific study for its utilization in the field of stream restoration. This study conducted a revaluation of the value of topsoil as a material for stream restoration. Furthermore, an ecological technique using topsoil was applied in an improvement project of a stream environment at the Hwanggujicheon Stream in Korea. Stockpiling and spreading topsoil was specifically applied to the revegetation of a low slope revetment and a high flow plain. The result of this application showed that topsoil played an integral role in eco-friendly restoration in terms of ecological, flood control, economic, and constructional aspects. In conclusion, this study's findings suggest that topsoil is a suitable candidate material for stream restoration.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.317-328
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of the maintenance water supply methods on the ecological restoration of 5 urban streams such as Mugeo cheon, Yaksa cheon, Yeocheon cheon, Myeongjeong cheon and Cheokgwa cheon in Ulsan metropolitan city. Water quality of the streams have been innovatively improved and the ecosystems have gradually been restored by supplying maintenance water constantly. However, we found that if the maintenance water was in a state of higher salinity or low quality, even enough supply was not helpful and even harmful for ecological restoration. We confirmed that the most important things to create or maintain from the urban stream to the ecological stream are that facilities like a walkway construction should be installed at least, supplying appropriate maintenance water, and a connection with the main stream.