• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2019

동식물의 서식지 제공 및 수문학적 조절 등 다양한 생태계 서비스를 제공하는 습지는 경관 내 습지간의 상호작용을 통해 생태계를 구성한다. 따라서 습지경관에서의 생태계의 리질리언스 등의 기능을 평가하기 위해서는 습지의 동역학적 특성과 더불어 습지간에 형성되는 생태적 연결성 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 습지를 생태학적 노드로 정의하여 습지 서식종의 분산 모형에 따라 발생하는 습지간 연결을 통해 생태 네트워크를 생성하고 네트워크 분석 방법을 통해 생태 네트워크의 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 임계거리를 활용한 분산모델 (threshold distance)의 경우 확률적인 분산모델(exponential dispersal kernel, heavy-tailed dispersal model)과 비교하여 국지적인 군집화가 높으나 습지 간의 이동에는 비효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 반면 확률적 분산모델의 경우 국지적인 군집화는 낮게 나타나나 습지 경관 내에서의 이동은 효율적인 것으로 나타남에 따라 분산 모델에 따른 생태 네트워크 특성에 차이가 발생함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 습지경관 리질리언스 분석을 위한 생태 네트워크 구축의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to identify characteristics of domestic pine forest soils and to elucidate major soil influencing factors for natural regeneration. We analyzed the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected from 23 pine forests and confirmed the similar results with the forest soil characteristics. Soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, silt content, and exchangeable Al were selected as the major soil factors among the exposed soils through 10 days of pine seedlings exposure and cultivation experiments and statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil pH had a positive effect on specific root length (SRL) of red pine seedlings and exchangeable Al was a significant factor affecting negative change in SRL. Taken together, the reduction of exchangeable Al by soil pH adjustment would be helpful for natural regeneration by restoring the forest and improving the fine root and root integrity of pine seedlings. Therefore, soil pH and exchangeable Al could be recommended as a major soil factor to be carefully considered in the monitoring and management of soil in pine forests that need to be renewed in the future.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.697-705
• /
• 2023

Along with other heavy metals, arsenic (As) is one among the substances most harmful to living organisms including humans. Owing to its morphological similarity to phosphorus, the uptake of As is influenced by photosynthesis and the phosphorus uptake pathway. In this study, we varied arsenic exposure and light intensity during nutrient solution cultivation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to determine the effect of these two factors on arsenic uptake, lettuce growth, and electron transfer in photosystem II. In the treatment exposed to 30 μmol L^-1 of arsenic, the shoot arsenic concentration increased from 4.73 mg kg^-1 to 18.97 mg kg^-1 as the light intensity increased from 22 to 122 μmol m^-2 s^-1. The water content and ET2o/RC of the shoots were not affected by arsenic at low light intensity; however, at optimal light intensity, they decreased progressively with arsenic exposure. Increased light intensity stimulated the growth of plant roots and shoots; contrarily, the difference in growth decreased as the concentration of As exposure increased. The results of this study suggest that the effect of As on plant growth is dependent on light intensity; in particular, an increase in light intensity can increase the uptake of As, thereby affecting plant growth and As toxicity.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.505-518
• /
• 2023

침입생물 관리의 핵심은 선제적 대응에 있으나, 현재 종분포 모형을 활용한 연구는 대부분 침입 이후에 수행되는 실정이다. 본 연구는 아직 국내에 침입하지 못한 전 세계적으로 악명 높은 고구마 해충, 개미바구미(Cylas formicarius)의 잠재 분포를 MaxEnt 모형을 활용해 모의했다. 전지구 수준의 출현 자료와 생물기후변수, 표토의 특성과 관한 변수들을 활용해 모형을 구축한 결과, Training/Test AUC 모두 0.9 이상으로 매우 설명력이 높았다. 활용한 환경변수들 중에서는 가장 추운 달의 최저온도(BIO06), 가장 건조한 달의 강수량(BIO14), 평균 일교차(BIO02), 전용적밀도(bulk density, BDOD)가 주요한 변수로 분석되었다. 전지구 분포 예측 결과, 대부분의 출현 국가들에서 높은 예측 값을 보였으며, 남미의 경우 현재 분포하지 않은 대부분의 국가에서 높은 출현확률을 보여 잠재적 침입 위험이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 국내 잠재 분포를 예측한 결과, 제주도와 전남 남서해안지역의 잠재 분포 확률이 매우 높았다. SSP (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) 시나리오에 대한 기후변화 영향을 분석한 결과, 잠재 분포는 전국 해안을 따라 확장되었다. 잠재적인 발생 면적의 경우 10MTP (10th percentile minimum training presence) 규칙 적용시 현재 기후하에서 1,439 km²였으며 SSP585에서 최대 9,485 km²까지 확대될 가능성이 있을 것으로 예측되었다. 그러나, 내륙지방으로의 전국적 분포는 예측되지 않아 전국 도서·해안지역의 침입 위험을 중심적으로 대비해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.303-312
• /
• 2018

In Ethiopia, climate change and deforestation are major issues hindering sustainable development. Local Ethiopian communities commonly perceive an increase in temperature and a decrease in rainfall. Meteorological data shows that rainfall has declined in southern Ethiopia, and spring droughts have occurred more frequently during the last 10-15 years. The frequently occurring droughts have seriously affected the agriculture-dominated Ethiopian economy. Forests can play an important role in coping with climate change. However, deforestation is alarmingly high in Ethiopia, and this is attributed mainly to agricultural expansion and fuel wood extraction. Deforestation has led to a decrease in various benefits from forest ecosystem services, and increased ecological and environmental problems including loss of biodiversity. To resolve the issues effectively, it is crucial to enhance climate change resilience through reforestation and various international collaborations are urgently needed. To continue collaboration activities for resolving these issues, it is first necessary to address fundamental questions on the nature of collaboration: does collaboration aim for a support-benefit or a mutual benefit situation; dividing the workload or sharing the workload; an advanced technology or an appropriate technology; and short-term and intensive or long-term and extensive?. Potential collaboration activities were identified by sectors: in the governmental sector, advancing governmental structure and policy, enhancing international collaborations and negotiations, and capacity building for forest restoration and management; in the research and education sector, identifying and filling gaps in forestry and climate change education, capacity building for reforestation and climate change resilience research, and developing bioenergy and feed stocks; and in the business and industry sector, supporting conservation based forestry businesses and industries, while promoting collaboration with the research and education sectors. It is envisaged that international collaboration for enhancing climate change resilience through reforestation will provide a strong platform for resolving climate change and deforestation issues, and achieving sustainable development in Ethiopia.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.233-241
• /
• 2000

The objective of this study were to develop landscape scale ecosystem assessment model, and apply the model for the assessment of the state and change of ecosystem of the study area, Yongin, Korea. Since natural ecosystem of the site has been deteriorated significantly during recent extensive residential development, it is essential to correctly assess ecosystem of the study site. Traditional ecosystem assessment mainly utilizing intensive field survey requires high cost, but the outcome rarely represents spatial pattern of the regional ecosystems. Ecosystem assesment of landscape scale based on landscape ecology can resolve most of the shortfalls of the traditional approach. The research method can be summarized as follows. First, extensive literature review on such topics as spatial pattern of ecosystem, ecosystem assessment of landscape scale, ecological analysis was carried out. Second, a model for the ecosystem assessment of landscape scale emphasizing spatial pattern of ecosystem was developed. This model evaluates three indicators; ecological integrity and biological diversity, watershed integrity, and landscape resilience of 11 watersheds in the study area. Finally, ecological assessment utilizing two sets of indicators, enhancement of and disturbance of ecosystem stability, was carried out. This assessment method is based on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program´s Landscape component(EMAP-L) of EPA(1994). The results of this study are as follows. First, the ecosystem assessment of landscape scale of the study area of Yongin, Korea, showed that escosystems of Tanchun01 and Chungmichun01 watersheds had the worst state in the study site in 1991. On the other hand, the ecosystems of Jinwechun01, Kyunganchun02, and Bokhachun01 watersheds had the most stable ecosystem in 1991. Second, ecosystems of Tanchun01, Shingal reservoir, and Kyunganchun01 watersheds were evaluated to be the worst state in the study site in 1996. And, ecosystems of Jinwechun01 and Gosam reservoir watersheds had the most stable ecosystem. Third, ecosystem of Tanchun01 watershed which incudes Suji residential development project site changed the most drastically between 1991 and 1996. The ecosystem of the watershed the most drastically deteriorated due to it´s proximity to Seoul and Bundang new town.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제32권11호
• /
• pp.745-756
• /
• 2023

Growing stringent global regulations in Korea poses a threat to corporate sustainability. Companies must respond strategically to navigate these regulations and avoid greenwashing. Objective of this research was to analyze how Korean companies are responding to the global trend of reducing plastic use and propose improved management strategies. Seven indicators were developed to assess companies' post-plastic strategies and applied to analyze the sustainability reports of Amore Pacific and LG Household & HealthCare. These indicators included, 1) disclosure of plastic raw materials used by weight or volume, 2) disclosure of recycled plastic raw materials used by weight or volume, 3) disclosure of waste recycling, reuse amounts, and disposal using waste treatment method 4) strategies to reduce environmental impact of plastics, 5) plastic packaging, reduce, recycle, reuse, and composting (in the real environment), 6) plastic management roadmap for the circular economy, and 7) education for sustainable plastic management. Based on the review of considered companies, we propose in-listed sustainable plastics management strategies: disclosing the ratio of plastic raw materials and recycled raw materials for all products, considering recycling rate throughout the product value chain, and not only for the production phase, reviewing carbon dioxide emissions based on life cycle assessment rather than reducing plastic consumption, studying the biodegradability of biodegradable plastics in natural environment such as soil, considering the consumer's perspective.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.281-289
• /
• 2021

상업에서 사용되는 일회용 컵은 환경으로 유입되어 파편화되어 미세플라스틱 (MP)이 될 수 있다. 또한 MP는 수생 생물에게 섭식 될 수 있으며, 다양한 부작용을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 일회용 컵에서 유래된 MP 조각이 물벼룩에게 미치는 급성 및 만성 독성을 평가했다. MP 조각은 33.18 ±7.76 ㎛ 크기의 PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) MP 조각으로 확인되었으며, 3종류의 첨가제 (1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene)가 함유되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 48시간 급성 독성은 최고 농도의 PET MP (200 mg L^-1)에 노출된 물벼룩에서 20%의 유영저해 및 사망을 발견하였다. 21일 만성 독성은 5 mg L-1의 PET MP 조각에 노출된 D. magna에서 대조군과 비교하여 줄어든 생존율 (31%)과 번식 (52%)을 보여주었다. 더욱이 PET MP는 태어난 개체의 발달 이상을 (3.5%) 대조군 (0.3%)과 비교하여 유의하게 (p < 0.05) 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 MP 조각의 섭취에 의한 장 막힘과 더 긴 체류 시간 때문일 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 일회용 컵 (PET 폴리머)이 작은 크기의 MP 조각으로 단편화되면 수생 생물에 심각한 생태학적 위험을 제기할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 또한 MP 독성 및 첨가제에 대한 근본적인 독성 메커니즘을 확인하기 위해 추가 연구가 수행되어야 한다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.134-144
• /
• 2020

In-situ stabilization is a remediation method using amendments to reduce contaminant availability in contaminated soil. We tested the effects of two amendments (furnace slag and red mud) on the availability of toxic trace elements (TTEs) and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease). The application of amendments significantly decreased the availability of TTEs in soil (p < 0.05). The decreased availability of TTE content in soils was accompanied by increased soil enzyme activities. We found significant negative relationships between the TTE content assessed using Ca(NO₃)_2^-, TCLP, and PBET extraction methods and soil enzyme activities (p < 0.01). Soil enzyme activities responded sensitively to changes in the soil environment (pH, EC, and availability of TTEs). It could be concluded that soil enzyme activities could be used as bioindicators or ecological indicators for soil quality and health in environmental soil monitoring owing to their high sensitivity to changes in soil.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2019

During a recent study to understand an interaction of Collembola community and their environmental factors, two species in the genus Folsomia, F. quadrioculata Tullberg 1871 and F. octoculata Handschin 1925, were found in the forest of South Korea. From 2013 to 2015, these two species were sampled from six mountains and F. quadrioculata or F. octoculata was the dominant species in 5 sampling sites among 6 sampling sites. F. quadriocualta and F. octoculata were found in litter of deciduous and pine forest, respectively. Therefore, the major tree species seems to be one of the important factors determining their habitat. F. quadiroculata is newly recorded from the Korean Peninsula and F. octoculata is redescribed based on new materials from South Korea.