• Architectural research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

This article illuminates the relationship between the human being and the surrounding things by referring to the philosophy of Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Criticizing our habitual approaches to apprehending 'what a thing is,' the two thinkers elucidate how 'what a thing is' can be understood only in conjunction with situations in the everyday and how humanity is joined with the qualities of the thing. In addition to the situated-ness of a thing, this article demonstrates the situated-ness of the human being, too, by referring to the notion of the horizon in the tradition of phenomenology. The last part of the paper discusses the basic premises of sustainability in reference to the situated-ness of both things and human beings. Framing natural things such as light as the alternative sources of energy propagandized in sustainability seems progressive. However, this attitude maintains fundamentally the same instrumental attitude we had towards nature, an attitude that has caused the current ecological crisis. By pointing this out, this article seeks to shape a ground for a broad spectrum of sustainability that embraces non-instrumental dimensions such as the practical, the ethical and the spiritual. This article also points out the limits of some of the currently available versions of ecology such as Shallow Ecology and Deep Ecology. In so doing, it seeks to lay out the parameters that any future version of sustainability and ecology needs to address.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 1987

Nowadays, the problems of energy and environmental pollution become serious day by day and the diesel engine, which has been proved to be superior to gasoline engine with respect to fuel consumption and ecological problems of exhaust gas, has been adopted widely for various purposes from the marine diesel engine and the dynamo engine to all kinds of engine on land. Therefore, extensive parametric studies on combustion of diesel engine should be done for its desing and improvement. To predict the behavior of diesel engien according to variable operating conditions by means of cycle simulation, the reasonable pattern of heat release rate has to be asumed. But it is necessary to know the actual variation of heat release rate in order to assume the reasonable pattern of heat release rate according to the actual operating conditions. In this paper, on a high speed small bore diesel engine with pre-combustion chamber, experimental investigations were carried out to determine the relationship between the heat release pattern and parameters such as engine load and speed. And also, the theoretical investigations about the performance variations of the above diesel engine according to the predicted pattern of heat release rate variation were performed. From the above observations, it may be said that the Fanboro indicator, which was used to get the cylinder pressure, can be used to estimate a reasonable pattern of heat release rate and it is confirmed that the pattern of heat release rate for the pre-combustion type engine is different from that of the direct injection type engine.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

Mock-up model can be applied to measure accurate performance data but difficult to apply the variables in experiment. There can be a slight experiment errors in Scale model, but various parameters can be applied for a objective experiment. This paper aims to compare the daylighting performance in 1, 1/5, 1/10 scale model of offices and analyze the experiment errors to certificate the influence of model experiment. To analyse daylighting performance, a comparison of a Mock-up model, sized $12.0m(w){\times}7.2m(l){\times}3.7m(h)$, designed for experimentation of daylighting systems and its 1:5, 1:10 scale model. It has an identical configuration of reference room and the test room. For the test room, the lightshelf system was designed as Micro-4 reflective material. To assess work plane illuminance and light factor, photometric sensors of each room were installed at work-plane(6 points) and exterior horizontal illuminance (1 point). And luminance of window, rare of the room was measured under clear sky. It is to be monitored by Agilent data logger, photometric sensor Li-cor and the Radiant Imaging ProMetric 1400. Comparisons with a light factor, increase-decrease ratio and luminance are discussed.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2003

Remodeling for an aged building is emerging as a potential alternative towards the future of the building industry. It is a more effective method than the new construction in environmental friendly view. Most of remodeling were aimed at the improvement of the function of the deteriorated finishing materials. But, at the early stage of remodeling process, energy performance of a building can be improved by adopting passive design solutions such as daylighting and natural ventilation. The purpose of this study is to explain the passive design strategy in remodeling process and to suggest a application of LT method. LT method is an energy-design tool which responds to parameters available early in design development. It provides an output of annual primary energy for lighting, heating, cooling and ventilation in non-domestic buildings. LT method basically uses the concept of passive zone and non-passive zones and should be used to evaluate the energy performance of a number of options and to make comparisons. In this paper, the process of LT method is introduced and investigated an applicability in our office building.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.67-74
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop a design manual to be used during the initial stage of the nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) design process. Recently, with the increased demand for nZEBs, there are many architects and architectural firms who are becoming interested in nZEB design. However, since the nZEB design process requires a different approach to the conventional building design process, architects have difficulties with application of the nZEB design process in their projects. Therefore, a design manual which can be used in the nZEB design process was developed in this study. Based on an intensive literature review, energy-saving strategies and their performance levels, which affect heating and cooling energy consumptions were established for a reference building. To analyze the sensitivity of each energy strategy to the overall performance, computer simulations using EnergyPlus were performed. At the same time, an Analysis of Variance assessment was conducted to estimate the relative importance of each energy factor. The energy sensitivity and priority of the energy factors was developed into a set of design guidelines.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.13-20
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide information on building's energy consumption and efficiency for general building users through a mobile application. Method: This paper presents a mobile application process and building energy assessment models for general users to understand easily. There are two assessment models, one is based on the energy consumption. The other is based on the architectural planning factors of a building. The assessment models are proposed to understand buildings' energy efficiency and to compare the energy consumption level for general users. The applicability of proposed application has been evaluated by conducting a case study. The case study is targeting university buildings. Result: Energy efficiency potentials were proposed using weighting factor which was calculated by the impact on energy consumption of a building according to parameters. The mobile application used the simple energy assessment model by energy efficiency potentials and was developed for a smartphone By using the mobile application, numerous general users of smartphones can easily and conveniently access information pertaining to buildings, energy consumption, and reductions in energy consumption. The proposed application enables user to find more energy efficient buildings by comparing energy status and energy efficiency potential by given information.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.670-678
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• 2010

An ecological investigation was conducted in winter from November 2007 to February 2008, around Wangdol Reef in the East Sea to analyze the population structure and fecundity of Chinoecetes opilio. The sex ratio was 30.11:69.89% (female:male) in November, 62.03:37.97% in December, 37.59:62.41% in January and 14.69:85.31% in February. Regression equations indicated highly positive relationships between size and weight parameters (carapace length, width, total weight). During the sampling period ovigerous females were continuously collected. The percentage of ovigerous females was 96% in November, 90.57% in December 89.80% in January, and 88.46% in February. The average number of embryos was 64,800. The regression equation between carapace width and the number of embryos was y = 2.6805x - 0.9182 ($R^2$ = 0.7166). Embryo volume increased as embryo development proceeded. The mean size of an embryo was 0.72 mm. Embryo volume ranged from 0.42 to $0.84\;m^3$ during embryo developmental stages 1 to 3.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.359-369
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• 2017

Water distribution systems supply drinking water to consumers' taps. Internal corrosion of metallic pipe used in drinking water distribution systems has reduced water quality and led to increased levels of toxic heavy metals such as lead, copper and nickel. These problems have been experienced to varying degrees by water utilities in many countries. North America has successfully managed and controlled pipe corrosion and corrosive water in water distribution system based on various policies, regulations and rules. Practical and engineering guidelines for evaluation of pipe corrosion and determination of treatment options are also provided to assist drinking water supplies. In addition, the corrosion mechanism in water distribution systems, such as the complex effects of physical and chemical parameters on the corrosion pipes has been improved to accurately predict corrosion rates of metallic pipes in actual water distribution systems. This paper reviews various regulations, policy statement, and treatment produces on controlling corrosion in drinking water distribution systems in US and Canada and then offers suggestion for management of corrosive water and pipe corrosion in drinking water distribution system in Korea.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

Purpose: Sensitivity analysis offers a good guideline for designing energy conscious buildings, which is fitted to a specific building configuration. Sensitivity analysis is, however, still too expensive to be a part of regular design process. The One-at-a-time (OAT) is the most common and simplest sensitivity analysis method. This study aims to propose a reasonable ground that the OAT can be an alternative method for the variance-based method in some early design scenarios, while the variance-based method is known adequate for dealing with nonlinear response and the effect of interactions between input variables, which are most cases in building energy simulations. Method: A test model representing the early design phase is built in the DOE2 energy simulations. Then sensitivity ranks between the OAT and the Variance-based methods are compared at three U.S. sites. Result: Parameters in the upper rank by the OAT do not much differ from those by the Main effect index. Considering design practices that designers would chose the most energy saving design option first, this rank similarity between two methods seems to be acceptable in the early design phase.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

The conservation of stream habitats has been gaining more public attention and fish habitat suitability index (HSI) is an important measure for ecological stream habitat assessment. The fish habitat preference is affected not only by physical stream conditions but also by water quality of which HSI was not available due to the lack of field data. The purpose of this study is to estimate the HSI of Zacco platypus for water quality parameters of water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) using the water environment monitoring data provided by the Ministry of Environment (ME). Fish population data merged with water quality were constructed by spatio-temporal matching of nationwide water quality monitoring data with bio-monitoring data of the ME. Two types of the HSI were calculated by the Instream Flow and Aquatic Systems Group (IFASG) method and probability distribution (Weibull) fitting for the four major river basins. Both the HSIs by the IFASG and Weibull fitting appeared to represent the overall distribution and magnitude of fish population and this can be used in stream fish habitat evaluation considering water quality.