• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 1996

Ecological approach to conservation of Korea's National Parks (KNP) was reviewed. Four hundred twenty five reports on 15 national parks for 80 years (1915~1994) were analyzed in consideration of phytocoenotic information such as flora, plant community and landscape. Total species was recorded as 157 familles, 752 genera, and 2,369 species (64.3% of Korean flora), in which is included only 75 species of the protected plant species designated by the Ministry of EnvironMent. Occurrence patterns of plant species in national parks were quite similar to one another, but those of plant community were rather unique. Seventy-four of 97 plant communities were reported in only one of 15 national parks, which might be regarded as an endemic or local vegetetation type. These facts are far different from actual status of the KNP＇s ecosystem, which indicate that not only original data in previous reports are less informative, but also tools of investigation and description are too subjective, and thus these can never afford to monitor the ecosystem. From the correlation analysis between 10 ecological characteristics, the following results were obtained: (1) the species richness was positively associated with the area of national park, (2) the number of visitors was related to landscape diversity, (3) occurrence of the designated species was closely related to the vegetation diversity. Numerical analysis (cluster analysis and ordination) using dissimilarity ratio by ecological characteristics divided 15 national parks into 4 groups. The first group, composed of national parks of Chirisan, $S\v{o}laksan$, Sokrisan, Hallasan, $T\v{o}kyusan$, Odaesan, and Sobaeksan, is recognized as the best national parks in terms of ecological conservation values. Nevertheless, they have been faced with the threat of visitor stress. This study will contribute to the establishment of strategy for appropriate conservation and sustainable use of KNP.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2013

Problems in regard of ecological stability of urban ecosystem ensue from climate change and urbanization. Particularly, urban ecological conditions are deteriorating both quantitatively and qualitatively to a great extent. The present study aims to assess the current condition of selected sites (i. e. urban green zones and parks) in terms of preset assessment components; to find out problems and relevant solutions to improve the quality and quantity of parks and green zones; and ultimately to suggest some measures applicable to coping with climate change as well as to securing the ecological attributes of urban green zones and parks. According to the findings of this study, from quantitative perspectives, ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change are high on account of the large natural-soil area(80%). By contrast, from qualitative perspectives including the planting structure (1 layer: 47%), the percentage of bush area(17%), the connectivity with surrounding green zones (independent types: 44%), the wind paths considered (5.6%), the tree species with high carbon absorption rates (20%), water cycles (17%), energy (8%) and carbon storage capacities(61%), ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change were found very low. These findings suggest that the ecological values of urban parks and green zones should be improved in the future by conserving their original forms, securing natural-soil grounds and employing multi-layered planting structures and water bodies, and that responsiveness to climate change should be enhanced by planting tree species with high carbon storage capacities and obtaining detention ponds. In sum, robust efforts should be exerted in the initial planning stages, and sustained, to apply the methodology of green-zone development along with securing ecological attributes and responsiveness to climate change.

• 휴양 및 경관연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

The purpose of the present study was to compare the long-term management objectives, policy objectives, implementation plans, and detailed plans of four provincial parks established in 2013 using various analysis frameworks. Through this, the study aimed to identify the characteristics of the management plan and extract the implementation plan important to each park by analyzing the priorities in the detailed plan. The long-term management objectives of most parks were to maintain recreational functions by utilizing all the resources of the park, rather than merely preserving the ecosystem. From an ecological perspective, information on major plants and legal protection species are included for most parks, and geological and topographic features considered a major resource. For sustainable forests, it is important to induce the dispersion of concentrated use space. Efficient management systems are distinctively differentiated among the parks. For regional revitalization, the management of programs to link provincial parks and their surrounding areas has become most important. From an ecological perspective, priorities differed for the parks according to their ecological characteristics. For sustainable forests, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the visitor reservation system related to the overall park, while the other three parks prioritized alleviating the concentrated use of specific areas. From an efficient management perspective, Daedunsan Provincial Park prioritized aspects related to the cableway. Maisan Provincial Park prioritized inducing the linkage between the use of natural and cultural resources, and Seonunsan Provincial Park prioritized establishing an ecological and cultural commentary operating system. For the base-type leisure activity space, Moaksan Provincial Park prioritized the systematic management and operation of the pilgrimage route, Maisan Provincial Park the connection between the Maisan geography and residents' income, and Seonunsan Provincial Park providing a space for ecological education.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

We implemented ecological linkage assessment, through the connection components of the urban forests, rivers and parks, for the ecological connection of the urban parks which are standing out as the core of the urban green networks, so as to suggest basic data to compare, evaluate and improve urban green networks, as a basic study for the evaluation of the ecological connectabilities between the cities. For the ecological linkage assessment, we analyzed to see if the urban parks of Goyang, Ansan and Yongin, which are the subject cities, are actually ecologically connected with forests and rivers, using distance and roads, which are physical connection elements, in consideration of the mobility of the wild animals, and greening ratios and impervious pavement ratios, which are ecological connectabilities in consideration of the ecological values. The overall result of the ecological linkage assessment the physical connection elements and the ecological connection elements shows that the ecological green network ratio through direct connection states is 36.62% in Goyang, 42.55% in Ansan and 64.00% in Yongin, respectively, giving the ecological connectability ratio of less than half, with the average urban ecological green network ration of 47.72%. The comparison result of the ecological connectabilities between the object cities employing the connection elements indicates that when you set up green networks, you should consider together the physical connection elements, such as the roads, which will lower the ecological connectabilities - rather than do it simply based on areas and distances - while the ecological connection elements with the forests and the streams should be reinforced, so that the ecological connectabilities of the urban parks may be enhanced.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2002

The quality of urban environment where large population reside is becoming more vitally important than ever. Recently the city of Seoul has launched a 'green city' program converting number of city owned lots into urban parks. In this study, we first investigate four recently opened city parks with water ponds in Seoul. This study then classify these parks according to their respective designs, particularly addressing design and environmental impacts by water features. From these exercises, we derive the following interim findings: 1. Design patterns of waterscape is changing. 2. Water in the city park is a major design feature. 3. Design methodology for city parks must be studied further.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.579-592
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• 2022

Much controversy has been generated over whether the ecological restoration project in Korea is faithful to the basic approach of ecological restoration compared to projects aimed at creating parks or green spaces. This study was aimed at understanding the level of awareness of practitioners in the planting design method, which is recognized as relatively important in landscape architecture and ecological restoration. The proficiency of practitioners in planting design techniques for ecological restoration projects was investigated and analyzed in seven areas: overall planting design awareness, plant species selection method, planting tree sizes, planting density, use of native species, vegetation climatic zone, soil environment, and weed control. There was no statistically significant difference between the group who thought they were experts in the field of ecological restoration and the group who thought they were experts in the field of parks and green spaces. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the degree of work performance, that is, the group whose main industry was ecological restoration, the group that performed relatively more ecological restoration work, and the group that rarely performed it. Therefore, to apply desirable ecological restoration techniques in the future and to clearly differentiate between the approach in the field of parks and green spaces, the appropriate tree size or planting density selected in the ecological restoration planting design stage must be chosen. To this end, the awareness of expert groups must be improved and related laws, systems, and guidelines must be revised.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2014

Urban Green Area has ecologically deteriorated along with quantitative loss, being developed as a dot itself rather than connected to forests and green networks around the park. The present study aims to propose a connected plan on Urban Ecological Network establishment through 'assessment of the connectivity of the entire urban parks' in accordance with distance of forest and river and 'assessment of trends in connection fragmentation of urban parks' in accordance with the past change of forest and river. According to the result of this study, criteria based on previous research was "directly linked type is less than 300m, conceptually linked type is between 300m to 1km, the isolated type is greater than 1km". And the result of 'assessment of the connectivity of the entire urban parks' is analyzed as the rate of park and green network, 41.7% in Suwon, 80.0% in Seongnam, 88.9% in Namyangju on the basis of office and field investigation. Also, according to the result of 'assessment of trends in connection fragmentation of urban parks', consideration for connection to the original forest is insufficient.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.12-19
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• 1996

Urban parks, as remnant patches, of two older cities and two new towns can be analyzed by a landscape ecological approach. The index of patch shape, the dispersion of patches, the mean edge length, and the mean patch size of parks of each city are ocmpared. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The mean edge length of urban parks of older cities is longer than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>Bundang>Ansan. 2) The mean patch size of urban parks in Seoul is much greater than those of other cities : Seoul> Ansan>Suwon>Bundang. 3) The index of patch shape of urban parks of older cities is greater than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>BundangAnsan. 4) The dispersion of patches is in the order of Bundang >Ansan>Seoul>Suwon. The new towns have relatively even distributions of urban parks than older cities. Further research is required to find out the relationship between the index of patch shape and patch interior dynamics.

• 한국지형공간정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지형공간정보학회 2005년도 아시아 태평양 국제 GSIS 학술발표회
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

A GIS application for assessment of carrying capacity for national parks was developed and presented in this study. Three criteria--ecological factors, facilities, and institutions--were employed as determining factors for assessing the carrying capacity. Using the GIS-based approach, the site-specific carrying capacity for the Chi-Ri National Park was assessed and a carrying capacity map was prepared. This carrying capacity map can be helpful in making policies for decentralizing visitors and keeping the park environmentally stable.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

Major and reckless development which have been continued during the last half century, have caused decrease and damage of urban green spaces in the point of qualitative and quantitative view. Particularly, it brought about reduction to urban neighborhood park which has taken the main role for landscape ecological value. Recently, neighborhood park planning based on the landscape ecological results has been increasing gradually. Most of all, diverse attempts such as the application of shape character analysis and the step of landscape ecological planning in urban park planning have been proposed. Today, we recognize the importance of comprehensive approach in urban green planning and neighborhood park planning, but landscape ecological approach which is analyzing character and making proposal with isolation, connection and circulation is still insufficient. Most of neighborhood parks in Korea are surrounded by buildings and isolated from adjacent green spaces. Besides, these parks have landscape ecological problems such as reduction of size, isolation from adjacent green spaces, decline of nature, and excessive pavement which we ignored during urban development process. We have sympathy for understanding landscape ecological characters and considering improvement proposals for neighborhood parks Therefore, the purpose of this study was to 1) select five neighborhood parks in Daegu, 2) analyze landscape ecological characters with isolation, connection and circulation, and 3) compare data. It is certain that these results should be the main data for the arrangement of improvement proposals which landscape ecological characters were appled to.