• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2016

This study aims to evaluate the effect of shortened final cutting age by estimating future $CO_2$ absorption in each different scenarios based on each final cutting ages before and after shortening. We used $5^{th}$ Forest Type Map and Forest Yield Table to obtain information to estimate $CO_2$ absorption of forest. We also designed a simulated future scenarios from 2010 to 2100 which repeats cutting and reforestation according to respected each final cutting ages. As the result, number of cuttings and total amount of $CO_2$ absorption of forest were increased with shortened final ages. Total cutting times increased up to 2 in both minimum and maximum amount for Quescus spp. and Larix kaempferi. Maximum number of cutting of Pinus densiflora and minimum number of Pinus koraiensis increased by 1. Total $CO_2$ absorption increased 12％ for Quercus spp. which had the largest number of increase in cutting times, while total $CO_2$ absorption of Pinus koraiensis only increased by 1％. The result could be used to evaluate the changes in forest management plans and policies and then develop optimal final age for efficient sustainable forest management plans.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권2호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) 기후변화 시나리오 A2와 B1에 따른 산림분포 취약성을 평가하였다. 산림분포 취약성은 한국형 산림 생태계 분포 모델 Thermal Analogy Groups(TAG) 의 산림분포예측 방법과 Hydrology Thermal Analogy Groups(HyTAG)에서 정의한 식생유형을 이용하여 기후 변화에 따른 잠재 식물상(Plant Functional Type: PFT)의 분포 변화를 기후변화 민감성과 적응성으로 나누어 평가되었다. 그 결과, 산림분포가 취약한 지역의 면적은 A2 시나리오에서 전체 국토 면적의 30.78%, B1에서는 2.81%로 나타났다. 행정구역별 취약성 평가 결과는 부산이 A2 시나리오에서 가장 취약하고 대구가 B1 시나리오에서 가장 큰 취약성을 나타냈다. 미래 발전 방향에 따라서 상이하게 구축된 시나리오 별 산림 분포 취약성 결과는 앞으로 산림 분야 적응대책 수립에 중요한 자료로 이용될 것이다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

기존의 산림휴양기능구분에서는 모든 산림을 동일한 인자들로 평가함에 따라 각 산림형태에 따른 특성을 반영하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 산림형태에 따라 서로 다른 평가인자를 적용하여 휴양기능을 평가하는데 있다. 산림을 이용자 중심형과 자원 중심형으로 구분하고, 대구광역시와 지리산국립공원을 대상으로 산림휴양기능을 평가하였다. 평가인자별 카테고리 점수를 부여하고 등급화(고, 중, 저)하여 평가한 결과, 각 산림자원의 형태에 따라 도로분기점과 같은 접근성 인자와 유발성 인자를 적용하여 기능구분 하는 방법이 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.533-536
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• 2007

The LiDAR data structure has the potential for modeling in three dimensions because the LiDAR data can represent voxels with z value under certain defined conditions. Therefore, it is possible to classify the physical damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire as using the LiDAR data because the physical loss of canopy height and width by forest fire can be relative to an amount of points reached to the ground through the canopy of damaged forest. On the other hand, biological damage of vegetation by forest fire can be explained using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) which show vegetation vitality. In this study, we graded the damaged degree of vegetation by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun of South Korea using the LiDAR data for physical grading and digital aerial photograph including Red, Green, Blue and Near Infra-Red bands for biological grading. The LiDAR data was classified into 2 classes, of which one was Serious Physical Damaged (SPD) and the other was Light Physical Damaged (LPD) area. The NDVI was also classified into 2 classes which are Serious Biological Damaged (SBD) and Light Biological Damaged (LBD) area respectively. With each 2 classes ofthe LiDAR data and NDVI, the damaged area by forest fire was graded into 4 degrees like damaged class 1,2,3 and 4 grade. As a result of this study, 1 graded area was the broadest and next was the 3 grade. With this result, we could know that the burned area by forest fire in Yangyang-Gun was damaged rather biologically because the NDVI in 1 and 3 grade appeared low value whereas the LiDAR data in 1 and 3 grade included light physical damage like the LPD.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2012

We studied the effects of elevated ozone ([$O_3$]) and $CO_2$ concentrations ([$CO_2$]) on the growth and photosynthesis of the hybrid larch $F_1(F_1)$ and on its parents (the Dahurian larch and Japanese larch). $F_1$ is a promising species for timber production in northeast Asia. Seedlings of the three species were grown in 16 open top chambers and were exposed to two levels of $O_3$ (<10 ppb and 60 ppb for 7 h per day) in combination with two levels of $CO_2$ (ambient and 600 ppm for daytime) over an entire growing season. Ozone reduced the growth as measured by height and diameter, and reduced the needle dry mass and net photosynthetic rate of $F_1$, but had almost no effect on the Dahurian larch or Japanese larch. There was a significant increase in whole-plant dry mass induced by elevated [$CO_2$] in $F_1$ but not in the other two species. Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated [$CO_2$] was observed in all species. The net photosynthetic rate measured at the growing [$CO_2$] (i.e. 380 ppm for ambient treatment and 600 ppm for elevated $CO_2$ treatment) was nevertheless greater in the seedlings of all species grown at elevated [$CO_2$]. The high [$CO_2$] partly compensated for the reduction of stem diameter growth of $F_1$ at high [$O_3$]; no similar trend was found in the other growth and photosynthetic parameters, or in the other species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.201-216
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• 1997

Forest managers are increasingly being challenged to produce goods and services to society while managing for ecosystem sustainability. Forest ecosystem management is an emerging philosophy to achieve these objectives. We synthesized some basic concepts of forest ecosystem, sustainability in forests and forest ecosystem management, and described the importances of long-term ecological studies. Also we presented few relatively simple principles of forest ecosystem management, strategies, and case studies for integrating forest ecosystem management principles into the forest management planning process. It was emphasizd that in forest ecosystem management process, society, land managers, forest managers, and scientists be entered into a partnership to reshape management goals, redefine objectives, and redirect management actions in response to changing socioeconomic information and evolving bioogical, physical, chemical, and environmental conditions. Agreement or disagreement with our synthesis and opinions on forest ecosystem management is out of the primary objective of this paper, which is to stimulate new and creative approaches to forest ecosystem management as an emerging issue in forestry.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.330-342
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• 1990

One might have a retrospect on the relationship between the forest and human being from the viewpoint of ecological perspective. It is no doubt that most of the fossil humans should have lived on the forest and the latter provided foods and shelters for humans from their beginning stages, Since the so-called agricultural revolution, humans have extensively started to exploit the forest which had beer, their cradle. The industrial revolution has created another situation against the forest in terms of the quality of ecosystem. These two revolutions have set up the so-called civilization which seems to have been based on the sacrificial oblation of the forest. The cradle for human being has been kept exterminating for the shake of "economic development and miracle." This might be a synoptic history of relationships between the forest and human beings in a sense. designates the behavioral aspects of human being against the forest and people consider the forest only as exploitable resource in this context, and the latter means that people live on the forest and strive to adapt the order of forest ecosystem. The resourcism has developed a strategy of colonialism to exploit the forest and provided a winner's position for the human beings against the forest, This idea and behavioral perspective seems to have started the backfire against the exploiter who is the owner of the civilization. However, there are different philosophies and ideas to view the relationship between the forest and human beings. People within the forest who are mostly considered as "primitives" still keep their idea of the ontology of the forest. There is a theoretical assumption of the "socionatural system" to look into the ecosystem. The forest could be viewed in the above frame of analysis. There are five variables : environment, resource, technology, organization, and ideology. Ideological aspect of the forest can be explained in the context of belief systems. Forest has a meaning of religion and rituals and people within the forest should admire it in anyway of religious reasons. This aspect of the forest cannot be separated from the environmental aspect of the forest. People within the forest acknowledge and practice the above idea. People outside the forest have lost the idea, however, at the cost of acquiring the civilization. They have expelled themselves from the forest and divided the socionatural system of the forest by way of colonialism. The efforts like agroforestry and social forestry would be strategies for recovering the idea of ontology of the forest as well as the sense of community including the forest and human being. People within the forest will be a prospective model for the future socionatural system of the forest for the people outside the forest. At this point, an ecological anthropologist can work with the forest specialists.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2000

Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park is one of the Long-term Ecological Research Site in Indonesia. In the late 1997, the fires have burnt and destroyed nearly 300 ha forest in this park. and G. Masigit was the largest burnt area (250 ha) of nine locations of hot spot recognized. Undergrowth vegetation got the most severe impacts. Almost undergrowth vegetation in various location were totally burnt. However, within three months following burning new seedlings such as Omalanthus populneus, Macaranga, Trema orientalis and Eupatorium appeared in the forest floor- The number of mycoflora recorded in burnt forest was interestingly increased in post forest fires site. Forest fires in G. Masigit had also affected the wild life population and diversity. For example, the number of bird species and the number of soil insects in burnt forest was significantly reduced. The forest fires had also great impact on soil. such as on soil organic contents, bulk density, colour, consistency, permeability and the activity of soil microorganisms.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analyzing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5%), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for f01.2ha(22.8%), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4%), and others for 19.1ha(4.3%). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9% showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analy zing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha, of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5$\%$), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for 101.2ha(22.8$\%$), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4$\%$), and others for 19.1ha(4.3$\%$). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9$\%$ showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.