• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 2023

Sustainable energy supplies without the recharging and replacement of the charge storage device have become increasingly important. Among various energy harvesters, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has attracted considerable attention due to its high instantaneous output power, broad selection of available materials, eco-friendly and inexpensive fabrication process, and various working modes customized for target applications. In this study, the amount of voltage and current generated was measured by applying the PSD profile random vibration test of the electronic vibration tester and ISTA 3A according to the time of Anodized Aluminum Oxide (AAO) pore widening of the manufactured TENG device Teflon and AAO. The discharge and charging tests of the integrated module during the random simulated transport environment and the recognition distance of RFID were measured while agricultural products (onion) were loaded into the returnable folding plastic box. As a result, it was found that AAO alumina etching processing time to maximize TENG performance was optimal at 31 min in terms of voltage and current generation, and the integrated module applied with the TENG module showed a charging effect even during the continuous use of RFID, so the voltage was kept constant without discharge. In addition, the RFID recognition distance of the integrated module was measured as a maximum of 1.4 m. Therefore, it was found that the surface condition of AAO, a TENG element, has a great influence on the power generation of the integrated module, and due to the characteristics of TENG, the power generation increases as the surface dries, so it is judged that the power generation can be increased if the surface drying treatment (ozone treatment, etc.) of AAO is applied in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-69
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• 2011

A basic function of packaging is preservability, delivery, subdivision, aesthetic and serviceability on packaging. Originally, the function and necessity of packaging is on preservability, but today it is expending before. then packaging is focusing on sales promotion. Although it is hard to say production itself, it could does when it is made. also, it is important for product to be goods when packaging and its materials are identification on matching each other. The role of packaging design is a core factor that satisfy consumer a various of needs and wants. In the past, the role of food packaging design is just preservability and delivery on product. but then, nawaday it is asked a various role. Not only present products have to get inherency but also have added value. That is, advanced technologies, information, and richness from materials which are diversity for coming a extention of choice. currently, food packaging design shouldn't have stayed on just packaging which cover beautiful. Packaging design is a symbolic sign. It is importance for manager to do R&D, producing, and distribution, also for consumer who use and buy the product whether manager and consumer think package design is a main mediation. This day, food design pay attention to be asking consumer's a number of sensitivity. It is the reason that the package is importance and exist. This article is to examine preservability, delivery, subdivision, aesthetic, serviceability, and environmental orientation in order to develop and show a method and theories to find package design in food industry the reason that why sales promotion and its profit increase. Consequently, draw on the function of package design effects the benefit on product is distribution. Green Design on the food packages by combining recycled and biodegradable food packages for the development of practices and long life to the look of the food package design practices.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

Biomass-based plastics containing the biomass content higher than 25 wt% have been considered as environment-friendly materials due to their effects on the reduction in the $CO_2$ emission and petroleum consumption as well as biodegradability after use. This article described the effect of the additions of oxo-biodegradable additive, 4 kinds of plant biomass, unsaturated fatty acid, citric acid in the properties of polyethylene films. Bio films were prepared using a variety of biomasses and tested for feasibility as a food packaging film. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength and percent elongation at break were evaluated. Husk biomasses from such as corn, soybean, rice, and wheat were pulverized using air classifying mill (ACM) and four different types of packaging films with thickness of $50{\mu}m$ were prepared using the pulverized biomass and low density polyethylene/linear low density polyethylene. The packaging film with wheat husk biomass was found to have greater mechanical properties of elongation and tensile strength than the other samples. Biodegradability of bio film was measured to be 51.5% compared to cellulose.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.621-627
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• 2013

In order to apply eco-friendly poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) into barrier packaging materials, six different PPC/exfoliated graphite (EFG) nanocomposite films with different EFG were successfully prepared by a solution blending method. Their water sorption behavior was gravimetrically investigated as a function of the EFG content and interpreted with respect to their chemical structure and morphology. The water sorption isotherms were reasonably well fitted by Fickian diffusion model, regardless of morphological heterogeneities. With increasing the EFG content, the diffusion coefficient and water uptake decreased from $12.5{\times}10^{-10}cm^2sec^{-1}$ to $7.2{\times}10^{-10}cm^2sec^{-1}$ and from 8.9 wt% to 4.2 wt%, respectively, which indicates that the moisture resistance capacity of PPC was greatly enhanced by incorporating EFG into PPC. The enhanced water barrier property of the PPC/EFG nanocomposite films with the high aspect ratio EFG makes them potential candidates for versatile packaging applications. However, to maximize the performance of the nanocomposite films, further researches are required to increase the compatibility of EFG in the PPC matrix.

• Composites Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2015

The purpose of the present work was to preparation and study of full biodegradable Eco-friendly bio-composites by using renewable resources. In this study, wheat protein isolate (WPI) films were formed by cross linking with resorcinol through solution casting method for packaging applications. By varying the resorcinol content (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt %), its effect on mechanical properties of the wheat protein isolate film was measured. The addition of 20% resorcinol led to an overall increase in the tensile strength from 5.2 to 18.6 MPa and modulus increase from 780 to 1132 MPa than WPI films. The % elongation was increased from 2.8 to 9.05 when compared to unmodified WPI film. A thermal phase transition of the prepared WPI was assessed by means of DSC. FTIR is evident that the characteristic WPI spectral IR bands shifted on cross-linking with resorcinol.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.171-183
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• 2021

Tofu has been consumed as source of protein in Asia for hundreds of years and it was first known in US and Europe by Asian immigrants during 1900s. Lately it is being spotlighted for excellent plant-based protein that has nutritional value. Tofu has long been the most widely used ingredients in Asia and it has been developed into various forms such as tofu, yuba, fried tofu, tofu sheet, fermented tofu and more according to food culture. With development of equipment, coagulant, packaging and pasteurization, now we can have advanced flavor, productivity and distribution of tofu. Tofu has been brought to customer's attention, people who prefer more health oriented, sustainable and eco-friendly food during COVID-19 pandemic season. Furthermore, this global trend is expected to be continued. In response to the trend we need more study on new texture of tofu, substitution of meat, dairy, and various commercialization of HMR in future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.153-161
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• 2023

The worldwide effects of COVID-19 have led to a surge in online shopping and contactless services. The consumption pattern has caused the issues such as the environmental pollution together with the increase of plastic waste. Reducing the reliance on the petroleum based plastic use for the package and replacing it with environmentally friendly material are the simple ways in order to solve those problems. Paper is an eco-friendly product with high recyclability as the food packaging materials but has still poor barrier properties. A barrier coating on surface of the paper can be achieved with the proper packaging materials featuring water, gas and grease barrier. Polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) coatings which are generally laminated or coated to paper are widely used in food packaging applications to protect products from moisture and provide water or grease resistance. However, recycling of packaging containing PE or PP matrix is limited and costly because those films are difficult to degrade in the environment. This study investigated the recyclability of modified acrylic emulsion coating papers compared to PE and PP polymer matrixes as well as their mechanical and gas barrier properties. The results showed that PE or modified acrylic emulsion coated papers had better mechanical properties compared to the uncoated paper as a control. PE or PP coating papers showed strong oil resistance property, achieving a kit rating of 12. Those papers also had a significantly higher percentage of screen reject during the recycling process than modified acrylic coated paper which had a screen rejection rate of 6.25%. In addition an uncoated paper had similar value of a screen rejection rate. It may suggest that modified acrylic emulsion coating paper can be more easily recycled than PE or PP coating papers. The overall results of the study found that modified acrylic emulsion coating paper would be a viable alternative to suggest a possible solution to an environmental problem as well as enhancing the weak mechanical and poor gas barrier properties of the paper against moisture.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

The energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells) is dependent on the powder size, the structure, and the morphology of $TiO_2$ electrode. The higher efficiency is obtained with high surface area of the nanoanatase-$TiO_2$ powder adsorbed onto a lot more of the dye. Also, the enhancement of light scattering increases the efficiency with high adsorption of the dye. Powder size, crystalline phase, and shape of $TiO_2$ obtained by hydrothermal method have 15-20 nm, anatase and round. $TiO_2$ electrode has fabricated with the mixture of scattering $TiO_2$ particle with 0.4 ${\mu}m$ in nano-sized powder. Conversion efficiency of series of DSSCs was measured with volume fraction of scattering particle. Photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs with 10% scattering particles are 3.51 mA for Jsc (short circuit current), 0.79 V for Voc(open circuit potential), filling factor 0.619 and 6.86% for efficiency. Jsc was improved by 11% and enhancement of efficiency by 0.77% compared with that of no scattering particles. The confinement of inserted light by light scattering particles has more increase of the injection of exiton(electron-hole pair) and decrease of moving path in electron. Efficiencies of DSSCs with more than 10% for scattering particles have reduced with increasing the pore in the $TiO_2$ electrode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.625-645
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• 2023

This study examined newspaper articles from 2012 to the first quarter of 2021 to explore how interest in and response to veganism have evolved in the fashion and beauty industries over the past decade. By analyzing keywords and word correlations, we discovered a steady increase in veganism-related articles in both English- and Korean-language newspapers published in Korea, especially since 2019. Since 2012, consumer interest in vegan fashion materials has grown, with fashion and beauty emerging in 2018 as significant vegan-related keywords. As a result, brands have adopted vegan certification systems and introduced vegan product lines, and new vegan brands have emerged. Since 2020, companies have been promoting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) management practices and working toward eco-management that reflects vegan trends in all areas, such as cruelty-free product/packaging materials, brands, policies, and services. It is also notable that fashion/beauty consumers have been more actively starting to adopt eco-friendly lifestyles and participate in vegan-related movements since that time. Our findings offer important insights into the evolution of veganism in Korea and can help researchers and industry practitioners to develop future business strategies in the vegan fashion and beauty industries.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2013

This study investigated the quality changes of Samgyetang during storage, resulting from various degassing methods used at the packaging stage. Three different samples were prepared, one without any treatment (CON), a second with reduced head space volume by squeezing the pouch (RHS), and a third by flushing with nitrogen gas (NGF). These were retorted at $120^{\circ}C$ for 65 min under the F-value of approx. 8.0, and stored at $25^{\circ}C$ for 9 months. The oxygen ratio in the head space and the dissolved oxygen content of NGF samples tended to be lower than those of other samples over the storage period. Compared to the CON, the acid values of NGF and RHS samples were lower than the CON from month 3 and 6 (p<0.05). During storage, volatile basic nitrogen values of NGF and RHS samples increased slowly compared to the CON. To delay quality deterioration and extend the shelf-life of Samgyetang products, the reduction of oxygen content in the head space of the retort pouch (preferably by flushing with nitrogen gas) is recommended, even though no significant differences in sensory evaluation were observed among the samples during 9 months of storage (p>0.05).