• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2019

In the agricultural sector, greenhouse gas emissions vary depending on the interaction of all ecosystem changes such as soil environment, weather environment, crop growth, and anthropogenic farming activities. Agricultural sector greenhouse gas emissions resulting from many of these interactions are highly variable. Uncertainty-based evaluation that defines the interval with confidence level of greenhouse gas emission and absorption is necessary to take account of the variance characteristics of individual emissions, but research on uncertainty evaluation method is insufficient. This study aims to decide on the effect of reducing N₂O emissions from upland soils using an uncertainty-based approach. An uncertainty-based approach confirmed whether there was a difference between confidence intervals in the 5 different fertilizer treatment groups to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Unlike the statistically significant test with three repetition averages, the uncertainty-based approach method estimated in this study is able to estimate the confidence interval considering the distribution characteristics of the emissions, such as the dispersion characteristics of individual emissions. Therefore, it is considered that the reliability of emissions can be improved by statistically testing the variance characteristics of emissions such as the uncertainty-based approach. It is hoped that the direction of the uncertainty-based approach for the effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture will be helpful in the future development of agricultural greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, adaptation to climate change, and further development of sustainable eco-social system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Recently, due to worldwide industralization and urbanization, natural environment has been severly damaged and global warning is worsening. Heat wave, torrential rainfall, typhoon and other natural disasters continuously occur due to global warming. Policies such as carbon emission regulation are taken into effect to solve such problems. Such global trend has affected interest to natural ecosystem and developed as a concept of ecosystem-services. This study particularly focused on ground water storage capacity among various ecosystem-services such as climate control and soil formation. It is because Korea suffers from drought and flood every year. Therefore, this study aims to understand objective numerical value of ecosystem-services value regarding ground water storage capacity of biotop classes based on relationship among precipitation, amount of evapotranspiration, and runoff of 7 regions of Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and to convert the value into economic value. The study calculated ground water storage capacity based on relationship among precipitation, amount of evapotranspiration, and run off. Calculated amount of each capacity was 29.26 million ton($30.2mm/m^2$), 430.46 million ton($140.4mm/m^2$), 11.30 million ton($150.1.0mm/m^2$), 33 milion ton($3.0mm/m^2$). Economical value of ecosystem-service by each biotop classes appeared 4,128,800 thousand KRW ($21.32KRW/m^2$) for agricultural biotop, and 60,403,600 thousand KRW ($98.52KRW/m^2$) for forest biotop, 1,572,800 thousand KRW ($104.4KRW/m^2$) for grassland biotop, and 47,600 thousand KRW ($2.18KRW/m^2$) for bare ground biotop. The result of this study like above, it will be used as important evidentiary material to preserve natural resource effectively from various development business and policies that damages natural eco-system. Also, it is judged that ecosystem-service value by each land coverage will be used as important material for preparing legalistic institution such as establishing natural environment preservation plan, budget for alternative forest resource creation cost.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.896-905
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and perception of adults concerning sprout vegetables. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 516 residents in the Daegu and Gyeonbuk areas. When purchasing sprout vegetables, respondents answered that they considered freshness, eco green, and price. Consumers purchased sprout vegetables to make bibimbap (58.9%) and salad (29.3%). Approximately 81.4% of respondents answered that they purchased sprout vegetables in grocery and department stores. Once or twice per month was the highest purchase frequency for sprout vegetables. Regarding knowledge of sprout vegetables, radish sprout score was the highest (3.14), whereas preference was highest for barley grass (3.00). When asked how much they like sprout vegetable menus, subjects responded that they liked bibimbap (3.79), salad (3.73) and bibim noodles (3.58). As a result, popularization of sprout vegetables was based on product quality factor and sales promotion factor significantly influenced preference for sprout vegetable menus. To increase consumption of sprout vegetables, there is a need for hygiene and safety of sprout products and variations and improvement of quality.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.75-85
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• 2016

This research aims to predict and analyze green building certification market of Korean Peninsula after unification. First, it analyzes prospected unification time period, then it forecasts number of new residential and non-residential buildings to be constructed based on estimated number of residences in short at the time in North Korea. There exists a good chance that North Korea's new building market forms similar to that of South Korea, as unification would thoroughly proceed which would result levels of economic culture social politics in quasi-equal state. Thus, assuming the ratio of residential and non-residential building against population is similar in both Korea's, the number against North Korea's house supplied population can be estimated. Based on the expected numbers in North Korea, number of proceeded Building Energy Conservation Plan, Building Energy Rating Certification, and Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) are predicted. The research shows certification market related to green building in united Korean Peninsula to be \660 billion over 10 years. Not only certifications to newly built buildings but also including existing buildings, this market is to grow to a considerable extent. As this would largely influence eco-constructive materials, energy plant/equipment, and other relevant markets as well, it would require to make thorough preparations. In sum, to stabilize green building market even before the unification, the research proposes the necessities of appropriate systems in consideration of North Korea, through in-depth discussions and establishment of technology and policy directions in green building sector, such as building energy management and emission reduction technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.310-313
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• 2009

Several high nitrogen stainless steel ingots(100kg) were fabricated with changing Ni and $[N]_2$ contents by Pressurized Vacuum Induction Melting(P_VIM). After free forging process, chemical compositions, microstructure and mechanical properties were estimated. Hardness was increased with the increase of $[N]_2$ content. Furthermore, microstructure including a lot of tempering twins was observed with optical microscope. Mechanical properties were estimated as function of solution treatment temperature and cooling method(air/water) under duration time of 1 hr on sample that were fabricated with Ni content under the atmospheric $[N]_2$ pressure. At solution treatment range of $1050{\sim}1100^{\circ}C$, hardness was decreased with the increase of solution temperature and there were little discrepancy of microstructure and hardness with cooling method. Computer simulation was carried out in order to inspect pass schedule in cold rolling process. When the condition of simulation was roll speed of 2.5mpm, rolling rate $15{\sim}17%$ per pass, it was ascertained that the formation such as deformation by sticking and lamellar sliver etc. was restricted from a simulation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.570-581
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• 2015

In recent years, many institutions predict that cloud services and big data will be popular IT trends in the near future. A number of leading IT vendors are focusing on practical solutions and services for cloud and big data. In addition, cloud has the advantage of unrestricted in selecting resources for business model based on a variety of internet-based technologies which is the reason that provisioning and virtualization technologies for active resource expansion has been attracting attention as a leading technology above all the other technologies. Big data took data prediction model to another level by providing the base for the analysis of unstructured data that could not have been analyzed in the past. Since what cloud services and big data have in common is the services and analysis based on mass amount of data, efficient operation and designing of mass data has become a critical issue from the early stage of development. Thus, in this paper, I would like to establish data processing architecture based on technological requirements of mass data for cloud and big data services. Particularly, I would like to introduce requirements that must be met in order for distributed file system to engage in cloud computing, and efficient compression technology requirements of mass data for big data and cloud computing in terms of cost-saving, as well as technological requirements of open-source-based system such as Hadoop eco system distributed file system and memory database that are available in cloud computing.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

The effect of pH on the citrate leaching behavior of heavy metal ion was investigated to develop an eco-friendly process for removing heavy metals from soil contaminated with copper, zinc, and lead. The leaching tests were performed using citrate solution with pH adjusted by mixing citric acid and sodium citrate under the following leaching conditions: particle size, under $75{\mu}m$; temperature, $50^{\circ}C$; citrate concentration, $1kmol/m^3$; pulp density, 5%; shaking speed, 100 rpm; leaching time, 1 hour. The difference of pH before and after the leaching test was not observed, and this result indicates the direct effect of hydrogen ion concentration on the leaching of metals was insignificant. The removal ratios of copper, zinc, and lead from the contaminated soil decreased with increasing pH. The thermodynamic calculation suggests that the leaching behaviors of metal ions were determined by two reactions; one is the reaction to form complex ions between heavy metal ions and citrate ion species, and the other is the reaction to form metal hydroxide between heavy metal ions and hydroxide ion.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.439-448
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• 2014

The potential mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) is studied in the Pohang steel industrial complex (PHSIC). The total GHG emission in 2010 is estimated to be in the range from 4,174,000 to 4,574,000 $tCO_2-eq$ in PHSIC. To meet the target proposed by the government, it is needed to reduce 552,000 $tCO_2-eq$ at minium by 2020. To estimate the potential amount of GHG reduction, the technologies used in the voluntary carbon reduction projects are applied to 51 companies which are subject to GHG target management. From the viewpoint of technological availability and payback period, the fuel conversion and waste heat recovery have an advantage in the short term with a possibility to reduce 160,000 $tCO_2-eq$. In the mid term, the thermal technologies in steel and iron industry have the potential to cut 229,000 $tCO_2-eq$, while the electrical technologies have the potential of 125,000 $tCO_2-eq$ reduction. The gap between the target GHG mitigation and potential reduction using the short and mid term technologies is about 38,000 $tCO_2-eq$, which should be compensated by the fundamental process innovation and the implementation of the most cutting-edge technologies including renewable energy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.649-658
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• 2009

The recent emergence of the paradigm of new urban planning for building intelligent urban spaces, such as U-City and U-Eco City, of which the concept of ubiquitous technology is applied, requires high quality three-dimensional spatial information of the urban area. The aim of this study is to build a multi-dimensional spatio-visual information system that includes the solution for visualization, spatial information search, analysis, and evaluation by integrating various types of 3D-modeled spatial information concerning the large urban-size area based on the latest GIS application technology. The range of this study is the integration, visualization, and utilization of spatial information with the goal of building 3D virtual urban environment of high-quality and high-resolution by increasing the utilization of the systematic urban facilities in order to fully reflect the actual user's needs, using the aerial LiDAR data as the plan to overcome the limitations of the existing 3D urban modeling. By reproducing the virtual urban environment the most similar to the actual world through the mash-up of satellite images and aerial photos on the standard format of spatial information constituted of properties and signs, the system will be built with many analysis and utilization functions that support the view and sunlight analysis, various administrative tasks, as well as the decision making process of the city.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

The current real estate market is in a state that is considerably shrink due to the recession and long-term reduction of trading. In response, the government recently announced an innovative way for the middle-class residential housing and it is taking the lead to activate the real estate market. Meanwhile, the domestic housing market is entering a transition period, including structural changes of household structure, changes from joeonse to rent increasingly. Also single-member households will rise steeply, so that makes the high demand of small houses. In addition, the domestic construction industry is interested in new technology called Modular building. The Modular construction is an off-site construction system that shorten construction period, eco-friendly building technology and mobility etc, which can be used in various field. Overall, there are two major issues of the current market, one is the change of the real estate market, and the other is the modular construction. This study will propose modular business model in the rental market through the analysis the profitability of the modular business scenarios and IRR analysis.