• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 1996

Chromosomal aberration tests in vitro using Chinese hamster lung(CHL) cells were carried out to evaluate the possible role of the MeOH extract of Ecklonia stolonifera in modulating the chromosomal damage induced by Mitomycin C(MMC) and Benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), respectively. The MeOH extract of Ecklonia stolonifera(260$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) reduced significantly the incidence of chromosomal aberration induced by treatment with B(a)P by 80%. The suppressive effect was much stronger than that of $\beta$-carotene, which is well known antimu-tagen. However, there was no marked decrease in the chromosomal aberration induced by MMC. In the tests involving chromosomal aberration induced by the treatment of the MeOH extract of Exklonia stlolnifera alone, there was no significant increase in comparison with the negative control. The results would seem to indicate that. at least under the conditions examined, the MeOH extract of Ecklonis stolonifera decreased the chromosomal aberrations induced by B(a)P in the CHL cells, but had little effect on the chromosomal aberration induced by MMC.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.223-227
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• 1996

The antioxidant activity of Ecklonia stolonifera was determined by measuring lipid peroxide produced when a mouse liver homogenate was exposed to the air at $37^{\circ}C$ using 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The methanol extract of Ecklonia stolonifera showed strong antioxidant activity. And the methanol extract was fractionated with several solvents. With regard their fractions, the antioxidative activity were in the order of ethyl acetate>dichloromethane insoluble intermediated phase>dichloromethane>n-butanol>water fraction. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction exhibiting the strongest antioxidant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidant phloroglucinol was isolated and identified by$ ^1H-NMR\; and\; ^{13}C-NMR$. Its antioxidant activity was simlilar to that of L-ascorbic acid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1864-1872
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (E. stolonifera) extract addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis and microbial populations. Methods: One cannulated Holstein cow ($450{\pm}30kg$) consuming timothy hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) at 2% of body weight with free access to water and mineral block were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro fermentation experiment, with timothy hay as substrate, was conducted for up to 72 h, with E. stolonifera extract added to achieve final concentration 1%, 3%, and 5% on timothy hay basis. Results: Administration of E. stolonifera extract to a ruminant fluid-artificial saliva mixture in vitro increased the total gas production. Unexpectedly, E. stolonifera extracts appeared to increase both methane emissions and hydrogen production, which is contrasts with previous observations with brown algae extracts used under in vitro fermentation conditions. Interestingly, real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that as compared with the untreated control the ciliate-associated methanogen and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations decreased, whereas the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population increased as a result of E. stolonifera extract supplementation. Conclusion: E. stolonifera showed no detrimental effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population. Through these results E. stolonifera has potential as a viable feed supplement to ruminants.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

In an effort to discover an alternative therapeutic agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), several medicinal plants and seaweeds were evaluated for its antibacterial activity against MRSA. A methanolic extract of the Phaeophyta Ecklonia stolonifera exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. To perform more detailed investigation on antibacterial activity, the methanol extract of E. stolonifera was further fractionated with organic solvents such as hexane, dimethylchloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. Among them, the hexane fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity against MRSA strains with MIC from 500 to $600 {\mu}g/mL$. The fraction also exhibited a bactericidal activity against MRSA, indicating that E. stolonifera contains a bactericidal substance against MRSA.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.909-915
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• 1997

The nitrite scavenging effect of methanol extracts of marine algae were evaluated to discover new natural nitrite scavengers. Among the tested seaweeds, Ecklonia stolonifera, an edible brown algae, showed the strongest scavenging effect. The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned into $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble interface, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ layers. The EtOAc and n-BuOH fraction demonstrated high levels of nitrite-scavenging activity while the $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble interface, and $H_2O$ fractions were inactive. A column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction through silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 yielded phloroglucinol and a new compound tentatively named phlorotannin A. The nitrite scavenging activity of phloroglucinol $(IC_{50}=3.9{\mu}g/ml)$ was more potent than that of L-ascorbic acid $(IC_{50}=65.0{\mu}g/ml)$. However, phlorotannin A $(IC_{50}=193.2{\mu}g/ml)$ showed only low levels of activity. From the above results, it is possible to suggest that both the MeOH extract and their fractions and isolated phloroglucinol and phlorotannin A obtained from E. stolonifera may be applicable as scavengers of nitrite, which is a precursor for the formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1069-1073
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• 1996

해조류의 기능특성 해석의 일환으로 해조류 중 갈조류인 미역 (Undaria pinnattnda), 감태 (Ecklonia stolonifera), 곰피(Ecklonia cava), 다시마(Laminaria japonica) 및 모자반(Sargussum fulvellum)과 녹조류인 청각(Codium fragile), 파래(Enteromorpha compressa) 및 홍조류인 김(Porphyra tenera)등을 시료로 하여, 생체내 퓨린대사에서 xanthine 및 hypoxanthine으로 부터 요산을 형성, 혈액 중 이상 고요산 증상에 의하여 신장질환 및 통풍을 유발하는 효소인 xanthine oxidase 저해작용에 대하여 살펴 본 결과, 갈조류의 다시마과 Ecklonia 속인 감태와 곰피가 가장 높은 저해율을 나타내었으며, 용매 추출물에 있어서는 diethyl ether>ethyl acetate>chloroform>수용성 획분의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 xanthine oxidase 저해작용이 가장 높은 감태 diethyl ether 추출물을 silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography 및 HPLC를 통하여 xanthine of idase 저해 인자를 분리한 결과, xanthine oxidase 저해작용이 가장 강한 활성성분은 420, 456, 467nm에서 흡수파장을 가지는 물질로서, 이는 siphonaxanthine인 것으로 추정되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1376-1380
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• 2005

In this study, ethanolic extracts from 18 seaweed variants were assessed for hepatoprotective activity against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Only one of these, Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura (Laminariaceae), a member of the brown algae, exhibited promising hepatoprotective activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active ethyl acetate (EtOAc) soluble fraction obtained from the ethanolic extract of E. stolonifera, resulted in the isolation of several phlorotannins [phloroglucinol (1), eckstolonol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), and dieckol (5)]. Compounds 2 and 4 were determined to protect Hep G2 cells against the cytotoxic effects of tacrine, with $EC_{50}$ values of 62.0 and 79.2 $\mu$g/mL, respectively. Silybin, a well characterized hepatoprotective agent, was used as a positive control, and exhibited an $EC_{50}$ value of 50.0 $\mu$g/mL. It has been suggested that the phlorotannins derived from marine brown algae might prove useful sources in the development of novel hepatoprotective agents.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

곰피추출물의 CCD-986sk cell line monolayer (human fibroblast, KCBL-21947)에 대한 피부세포 생리활성효과를 측정하고, 또한 곰피추출물의 Clone M-3 mouse melano-cyte cell line에 대한 melanin formation 저해효과를 측정하기 위해 in vitro레벨에서 실험을 실시하였다. 곰피는 다년생 갈조류의 일종으로 이 종은 한국 연안해역에서 중요한 1차생산자의 역할을 담당하고 있는 종이며 연안 생태계에 있어서 생태학적으로나 수산업상 매우 중요한 위치를 점유하고 있다. 최근 이러한 대형 갈조류에 관한 연구는 주로 생태학적인 관점에서 이루어져 왔으며(Notoya and Aruga 1990), 유주자의 발아와 핵분열(Yabu and Notoya 1985) 등에 관한 연구가 주로 일본의 연구자들에 의하여 보고된 바 있고, 국내에서는 Park et al. (1994)이 부산만 인근해역 곰피의 생장과 연령 조성에 관한 연구를 수행하였고, 순간접착제를 이용한 곰피의 이식 등에 관한 연구(최 등 2002)가 보고된 바 있다. 그러나 지금까지 곰피의 식품 또는 약품제제로서의 기능성을 밝히는 연구는 아직 미미한 실정으로 이에 대한 체계적인 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 곰피추출물에 풍부하게 함유된 fucoidan, L-Ascorbic 산 및 collagen 등에 주목하여 곰피의 피부노화방지제로서의 가능성을 체계적으로 연구하기 위한 일환으로 우선 곰피추출물이 피부재생, 주름살제거 및 피부미백작용에 효과를 나타내는지 확인하기 위해 CCD-986sk cell line 및 Clone M-3 mouse melanocyte cell line을 이용하여 in vitro 수준에서 피부세포 생리활성 효과와 melanin formation 저해효과를 측정하였다. 그 결과 CCD-986sk cell line에 대한 세포생리활성 효과 실험에서 시험군인 곰피추출물 투여군은 대조군에 비해 강한 세포생리활성 효과를 나타내어 유의성 있는 실험결과를 보여주었고, Clone M-3 mouse melanocyte cell에 대한 melanin pigment 저해활성 효과 실험에서도 곰피추출물은 대조군에 비해 melanin pigment 생합성을 유의성 있게 감소시키는 실험결과를 나타내어 매우 흥미로운 결과를 보여주었다. 여러 가지 보고에 의하면 그동안 미국, 영국, 일본 등 구미 선진국의 과학자들은 intrinsic problems (피부구조 및 생리기능의 노쇠)과 extrinsic problems (자외선노출 및 스트레스)을 skin aging의 근본원인으로 규정짓고 피부 콜라겐과 엘라스틴을 재생시켜 피부 horny layer의 주름을 제거시키는 수 많은 종류의 chemical drugs를 개발하였고 현재도 개발 중에 있다 (Lavker et al. 1987; Choi and Oh 1997; Han et al. 1998). 그러나 이런 chemical에 비해 생체에 대한 부작용이나 세포독성이 상대적으로 적은 천연물을 이용하여 anti-skin aging drug을 개발하는 연구는 그 동안 부족했던 것이 현실이다. 한국은 오랜 역사를 통하여 화학물질이 아닌 다수의 천연물들을 임상에 적용하여온 역사를 가지고 있고 따라서 본 연구팀은 우리 남해안의 청정해역에서 자라는 곰피의 항피부 노화방지제로서의 개발 가능성에 주목하여 본 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 곰피추출물은 피부노화 및 skindarkness에 대한 대체치료물질 (alternative therapeutic agent)로서의 충분한 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2000

Tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 14 kinds of seaweed, Ecklonia stolonifera, Ecklonia cava, Undaria pinnatiflda, Laminaria japonica, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum miyabei, Sargassum thunbergii, Porphyra yezoensis, Gracilaria verrucosa, Carpopeltis affinis, Pachymeniopsis elliptica, Gelidium amansii, Codium fragile and Ulva pertusa were determined using commercially available mushroom tyrosinase in an in vitro assay system. The $1\%$ (w/v) methanol extract from E. stolonifera showed the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity of $79.0\%$, electron donating activity of $79.0\%$ and total phenol content of 3.75 mg/100g. Ethyl acetate-methanol-water (7 : 2 : 0.2, v/v) fraction $(0.5\%,\;w/v)$ isolated from the methanol extract showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity of $75.9 \%$, electron donating activity of $88.1 \%$ and total phenol content of 4.38 mg/100g. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity was closely associated with total phenol content (R = 0.99) and electron donating activity (R=0.99). Maximum absorption wavelength of the fraction was 218nm and that of phenolic compounds showed about a range from 210 to 220nm. The inhibition mode of the fraction was noncompetitive inhibition.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of a methanol extract of Ecklonia stolonifera (Laminariaceae) against aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhimurium assay. The numbers of revertants per plate decreased significantly when this extract was added to the assay system using S. Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The methanol extract also exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and the DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MMU) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. All fractions possessed antimutagenic activity but the $H_2O$ fraction was inactive. Among active fractions, the EtOAc and $CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate fractions showed the highest activity. Column chromatography using $SiO_2$ and Sephadex LH-20 yielded phloroglucinol from the EtOAc fraction. Phloroglucinol also demonstrated significant antimutagenic activity, and inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by MMU and B(a)P.