• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2015

We classified Abell clusters using the magnitude differences between two or three bright member galaxies and investigated how such classification was correlated with the properties of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). S-type BCGs being clearly brighter than the rest of the member galaxies were likely to be red, luminous, and evolved as early type galaxies. On the other hand, T-type BCGs being not dominant at all were less luminous than early type galaxies. A small fraction of BCGs was currently forming stars, and all of the star-forming BCGs were T-type BCGs. Active galactic nuclei were most frequent for S-type BCGs. Through these quantitative analyses of the BCG properties, we discussed the possible scenario of BCG formation and the differences between S-type and T-type of BCGs.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.75-91
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• 1996

Culture is way of life. And a culture is based on the view of nature and humun being. Korea has many kinds of tradition. Out of them, Korean character Hangul, food and medicine have been succeeded as they were in old days. So I tried to induce Korean view of nature and human being from those traditions. The common principle induced from them is Yin-yang and five elements. Yin-yang and five elements is away to cognize nature by Korean people. That means Yin-yang is thought to be the principle of nature. Nature is what life is born or produced. And mankind is a part of nature. Thus Yin-yang and five elements works on mankind in the same way as they do on nature. Mankind is born and grows on the earth. So human body consists of four, parts of the earth, which are light, air, water and soil. It is essential for human being to maintain balance and harmony in nature with nature and as nature.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제33권A호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

This paper is results of numerical analysis on the behavior of colluvium slope with combinations of soil nails and earth anchors during excavation. In order to maintain the stability of the colluvium cut, being composed of gravel and boulder and thus local in stability being expected during slope cut, temporary reinforcing method of soil nailing with shotcrete might be used. Subsequent method of cast-in-place facing with earth anchors can be used to maintain cut slope stable permanently. For the cut slope where these methods had been applied, the numerical techniques were applied to their behaviors and investigate the stability of the slope. Limit equilibrium methods were used to confirm to maintain the slope stability during and after excavation and application of those reinforcing methods. Another numerical technique of FEM was also used to find the stress and strain as well as deformation distribution in reinforcing materials and slope ground during excavation.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2022

최근 4차 산업혁명이 본격화되고 차세대 ICT 융합 기술이 개발됨에 따라 건설분야 역시 기술변화에 대응하기 위해 다양한 스마트 건설기술이 건설 단계별로 빠르게 도입되고 있다. 특히, 건설현장의 경우 부지설계를 위한 토공량 산출 공정이 설계비용에 큰 부분을 차지하고 있어 공정의 효율화와 정확한 토공량 산출을 위한 관련 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 건설현장의 지형을 3차원으로 신속하게 구축하고 이를 이용하여 효율적으로 토공량을 산출할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 무인비행체로부터 획득한 대축척의 항공사진을 이용하여 건설현장을 3차원 실사모델로 구축하였다. 이때, 구축한 3차원 실사모델은 체적 산출이 불가한 surface 모델 구조를 가짐에 따라 체적 산출이 가능하도록 3차원의 solid 모델로 구조 변환을 수행하였다. 그리고 변환된 solid 모델을 이용하여 CAD 기반으로 토공량을 산출할 수 있는 방법론을 구상하였다. 정립한 방법론을 적용한 solid 모델로부터 토공량을 자동 산출한 결과, 기존의 현황측량 결과로부터 산출한 토공량과 1.52%의 상대적 편차를 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 방법별 공정 소요시간을 비교분석한 결과 60%의 소요시간 절감을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로부터 본 연구에서 제시한 기법은 토공량 산출을 위한 비용절감은 물론 건설공사 전 공정에서 주기적인 현장의 모니터링 등 스마트 건설관리를 위한 기술로써 활용이 기대된다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore the applying possibility of the Earth Systems Education(ESE) in elementary school science education through the improving of students' recognition with the earth systematic nature by systems thinking education - for this was the recognizing as earth systematic nature was the key element of ESE, and the systems thinking skill is accredited very effective tool for the understanding with earth systematic nature. For this, the systems thinking's teaching-learning programs were developed and applied to the 6th students (21s) for 10hours' classes. The results of this study are as follows; In most of the 6th students didn't recognize with earth systematic nature from a lack of understanding of the vapor being in every nature environments. In systems teaching-learning classes, most of students participated positively in learning activities and achieved the aim of a lesson. In the testing results for students' recognition improving to earth systematic nature after the systems thinking education, about 24% students were showed the improving results of the recognition with earth systematic nature. Consequently, It is suggested that just as the achieving of the points of ESE in elementary school science education, the approaching method of the systems thinking education is worth attempting to applying of the ESE.

• 천문학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2007

This paper deals with the theory for rotational motion of a two-layer Earth model (an inelastic mantle and liquid core) including the dissipation in the mantle-core boundary(CMB) along with tidal effects produced by Moon and Sun. An analytical solution being derived using Hori's perturbation technique at a second order Hamiltonian. Numerical nutation series will be deduced from the theory.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a method to derive the kernel function directly from the measured apparent earth resistivity. At this time, the kernel function is obtained through the process of solving a nonlinear system. Nonlinear systems with many variables are difficult to solve. This paper also introduces a method for converting nonlinear derived systems to linear systems. The kernel function is a function of the depth and resistance of the Earth's layer. Being able to derive an accurate kernel function means that we can estimate the earth parameters i.e. layer depth and resistivity. We also use various Earth models as simulation examples to validate the proposed method.

• 기술발표회
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• 통권2006호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2006

Recently, construction of soil-reinforced segmental retaining walls which used geosynthetics are being increased day by day due to its construction efficiency, economic efficiency, and its aesthetic view. The conventional reinforced earth retaining wall has the connector system to fix the reinforcement and block However, this system may cause the crack of block and the rupture of reinforcement due to the stress concentration near the face of reinforced earth retaining wall In this study, the new connector system, which is able to allow the settlement of reinforcement, was applied to analyze the effect of connector system of reinforced earth retaining wall The connection strength tests and centrifugal tests for both the conventional reinforced earth retaining wall and the settlement reinforced earth retaining wall were performed to compare the results

• 대순사상논총
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• 제35집
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• pp.181-216
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• 2020

예수의 성육신과 증산의 인신강세는 기독교와 대순진리회의 중요한 신(교)학 이론이다. 두 이론은 각 종교의 신앙적 서술을 위해 필요한 교리적 장치들이다. 하지만 이런 종류의 연구는 종교를 신앙의 대상으로 삼고 그것을 변증, 설명하려는 신학적 종교연구로 귀결될 가능성이 높다. 본 논문은 신(교)학적 방법인 아닌 종교학적 방법으로 예수의 성육신과 증산의 인신강세를 탐구한 논문이다. 그러므로 각 종교를 대표하는 신학적 입장에서 보면 모를까 종교학적 연구방법으로 보자면, 한 종교의 관점에서 다른 종교의 이론을 거대 담론적 성격으로 규정하는 작업은 불가능하고 큰 의미가 없다. 우선 성육신은 전통 신학적 관점에서 보자면 유일신 하느님이 원죄를 지닌 인류를 구원하기 위해 예수라는 인간을 통해 유일회적으로 하강한 사건이다. 인신강세는 그 종교적 특징들이 여러 형태로 나타나므로 이 둘을 통일적으로 고찰하려는 시도 자체가 객관적인 종교연구 방법이라 할 수 없다. 다만 본 논문은 예수의 성육신과 증산의 인신강세를 특정한 신(교)학적 입장들이 아닌 3인칭, 즉 종교적 관점으로 이해함으로써 거기에 나타난 종교적 의의를 찾아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 증산의 인신강세 개념은 예수의 성육신 개념에서 차용되었다는 김종서의 입장을 연구방법의 전제로 활용할 것이다. 따라서 이 논문은 예수의 성육신과 증산의 인신강세를 신(교)학적 입장에 따른 성육신 신학이나 인신강세의 교학적 관점에서의 연구, 즉 예수와 증산의 신적인 요소(vere Deus)와 인간적 요소(vere Homo) 전부를 통합하고 조망하는 "전체 그리스도"(Totus Christus)나 "전체 증산"에 대한 탐구를 지양한다. 대신 예수와 증산의 신적 선재성을 논의하는 초월적 요소나 형이상학적 측면은 배제하고 객관적이고 검증적 기술이 가능한 형이하학적 차원에서 성육신과 인신강세의 의의를 해명한다. 이러한 연구방법론에 따라 본 논문은 예수의 성육신과 증산의 인신강세를 각각 "성육신 종교학", "인신강세 종교학"이라는 가설적 명칭으로 전제한 후 논의를 전개했다. 그러나 성육신과 인신강세 종교학은 신적인 차원이 철저히 거세된 유물론적 해석이라는 비판의 요소가 내포된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 초월성의 현재적 이입성을 부정하며 지금 여기로서의 철저 현재성을 지향하는 성육신과 인신강세 종교학은 검증적 학문으로서 그 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.356-361
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• 2005

Earth brush for electrical multiple units(EMUs) is a device through which the current of the EMU load's consumed power fed from the DC 1,500V overhead line (or from the AC 25.000V catenary) flows via axle to the rail(ground) and which prevents the electric corrosion of the axle bearings by preventing the current flow to the axle bearings caused by electric potential from the magnetic field when the bearings rotate together with the earthing function when a thunderbolt falls or a surge comes. The earth brush wear rates among cars, however, shows quite differences when the earth brushes after being separated from the holders are measured with vernier callipers every 6 months of maintenance period. Main causes of the earth brush wear are divided as mechanical, electric arc and electrical one, and the factors can be running speed, current, harmonics, connection state. spring tension, earth brush material, lubricant and so on. but only the earth brushes of the motor(M1) car show the highest wear rate and moreover maintenance difficulty occurs because of the wear rate differences among e earth brushes in one holder. The reason for these preponderant wear comes from the design concept of making preponderant current flow to some particular earth brushes and moreover the heat generated by the harmonics when the inverter starts to operate accelerate the wear. By defining these causes through experiments. I hope that the found results would be helpful for the future EMU design, safety, economy and maintenance.