• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1980

The first recorded trypanosomiasis epidemic in Uganda took place at the beginning of this century in the islands and in a strip along the northern shores of Lake Victoria, which resulted in deaths of 1/3 million people. The disease was partly controlled by early 1930's and continued to occur sporadically in certain localized foci. The disease has however flared up in an explosive outbreak in Busoga district along Lake Victoria since 1977. The incidence of disease in northern district adjacent to Southern Sudan is also increasing lately. This paper describes the three month observation on the surveillance and control activities in the epidemic areas and of various health units including the Vector Control Division, the Tsetse fly Control Division, Tororo Trypanosomiasis Research Institute, medical units in Busoga, and Acholi districts. Data analysis and review were made of disease information so far collected by various health units in the Ministry of Health and district health offices. The findings may be summarized in the following: 1) A total of 12, 100 patients and 38 deaths: have occured in Busoga district since 1977 onward, and over 100 cases of diseases arc occuring in the Northern region bordering Southern Sudan. 2) the distribution of trypanosomiasis is characterized with two district patterns. The disease caused by Trypanosoma rhodesiense occurs in Busoga and is transmitted by Glossina palpalis, G. fuscipes infested in the islands and in the northern shore of forests of Lake Victoria. Another type caused by Trypanosoma gambiense occurs in Madi and Acholi in the north and is transmitted by Glossina morsitans in Savannah. 3) The house survey in Rusoga indicated that most of patients keep domestic animals in their house premises, and are engaging in either farming or fishing. Practically all the patients remembered that they had been bitten by tsetse in the field. 4) The routine diagnostic methods in the hospital laboratory is carried out through the microscopic examination of trypanosome with Giemsa stain of blood and cerebro-spinal fluid, The measurement of ESR and IgM has been used by Tororo Tryponosomiasis Research Institute for field screening.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.256-266
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• 2010

The distribution characteristics of the eggs and larvae of anchovy Engraulis japonica, and environmental factors in the southern coastal waters of Korea were investigated from May to August 2009. Eggs and larvae were mainly distributed in the waters off Naro Island, Namhae Island and Saryang Island. High densities of eggs and larvae in temperatures of $19.0{\sim}24.0^{\circ}C$, salinites of 33.0~34.4 psu, DO of 6.05~8.13 mg/L and chlorophyll-a $1.2{\sim}2.3{\mu}g/L$ were observed. Water temperature in the coastal region was higher than that in the open sea, while salinity was lower. Evidence of sea water intrusion toward Sori Island and Maemul Island, and an inner-water intrusion from Yeoja Bay, Gamak Bay and Gwangyang Bay were observed. High densities of eggs in early developmental stage occurred in waters off Naro Island, Dolsan Island and Namhae Island, but high densities of eggs in a later developmental stage occurred in waters off Yokji Island and Maemul Island. During the survey period, the proportion of later developmental-stage eggs was higher in the eastern part of the study area.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.230-237
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• 2010

Histological observation on the seasonal variation of mucus cells of the mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis inhabiting a natural stream was carried out on three skin regions (dorsal, lateral and occiput) from March 2008 to February 2009. Our results showed no differences in general morphology by season, but the mucus cells of the epidermis showed significant seasonal change in their size and number as the water temperature changed. The ratio of surface area of the mucus cell layer and mucus cells, and the number of mucus cells in surface area of the epidermis were the greatest in the cold winter and the least in the hot summer in all regions of the epidermis. In particular, the occiput seemed to be a very sensitive region in response to environmental change, showing wide fluctuations in the size of mucus cells throughout the year and a great change in between seasons, especially from late autumn to early winter when the temperature decreased. As the temperature became colder, a small and spherical-shaped mucus cell was transformed into a large and elongated columnar form with a lot of secreted mucus material in a superficial layer of the epidermis. From our results, we can safely surmise that cold temperature is an important environmental factor having a close relationship with the modification of mucus cells of M. mizolepis in winter.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1994

In order to elucidate the patterns of tissue damage evoked by the scuticociliatids, eighteen fingerlings of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, heavily infected with an unidentified scuticociliatid were histopathologically examined. Skin layer with the underlying musculature were severely necrotized due to the infestation of the ciliates. However in the early lesions, both dermis and myofibres remained relatively intact compared with other surrounding loose connective tissues. Mild damages were found in more dense tissues. One or more scuticociliatids were recognized in the blood and lymph vessels of the loose connective tissues with or without destructive changes. Many of nerve trunks or ganglia were also parasitized with less marked histological damage in the parenchyma. Dura and its adjacent tissues in the spinal cord were severely necrotized with massive accumulation of the ciliates in subdural space. The parasitic invasion in the central nervous system was usually confined to the cortical region. In the gill, variable degenerative changes were occurred due to the invasion of the ciliates recognized in the blood vessels of branchial arches or primary filaments. From these results, it was strongly suggested that the scuticociliatids are very actively penetrated into the deep tissues mainly through the severe destruction of the loose connective tissue components and that the vascular system could play a role in the rapid distribution of the ciliates to the remote tissues or organs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2016

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of jaw cysts among children and adolescents treated at the Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital from 2005 to 2015. A retrospective observational study was conducted of 269 jaw cysts diagnosed in 253 patients. The following variables were recorded: gender, age, prevalence and location of lesions, clinical symptoms and treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS (version 20.0). Our results suggest that the cysts are slightly more prevalent in males. Cystic lesions of the jaws in children are predominantly odontogenic and developmental in origin. Dentigerous cysts predominate in developmental cysts and the most frequent diagnosis is radicular cysts in inflammation cysts. The most common location of the cysts is in the mandible, particularly the lower molar region. In numerous cases, the patients have no clinical symptoms. Most cysts were surgically enucleated with tooth extraction. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that the characteristics of jaw cysts in children are distinctive and differ in several respects from the corresponding distribution of jaw cysts in adult population. Therefore, knowledge of the clinical, radiological and histopathological behavior of jaw cysts and periodic radiographic examination are key factors for early diagnosis and adequate treatment of jaw cysts in children.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Purpose : To analyze the clinical behaviors and survivorship of metastatic bone tumors. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninty-eight metastatic bone tumors had been diagnosed from January 1982 to December 1998. Age and sex distribution, primary cancer types. metastatic sites, duration from diagnosed of primary tumors to bony metastases and survivorship were analysed. Results : Mean age was 57(24~86) years old. Lung(32.3%) and breast(16.2%) cancers were two most common primary foci. The spines was the most common site of metastases especially lumbar region(38%). Survivorship analysis was done in one hundred and fifteen patients who had been followed up. The mean survival period was 15.3 months. The survivorship of hepatoma(7.1 Mons), lung(8.72 Mons) and renal cell(4.8 Mons)cancers was relatively shorter and breast cancer(54.1 Mons) longest. Conclusion : The mean age of metastatic bone tumors of this study was older than the past reports. The axial skeletons especially spine was predominant metastatic site. The survivorship of metastatic bone tumor decreased sharply as time goes by, so early diagnosis is clue for longer survival after bony metastases.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.261-281
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• 2004

The location of auto industry in Jeon-buk is due to the strategies for secure a low-priced industrial site of the auto assembly companies, which attained to quantitative growth stage in the early part 1990's, and the regional balanced development policy by the location of leader enterprise of the government. As a consequence of the reversal development pattern that is located the auto parts firm after locating the auto assembly companies, the Jeon-buk auto industry has many structural vulnerability. First, because of the lack development of auto parts industries, the auto assembly companies located in Jeon-buk are dependent many auto parts at a external region. Second, most of auto parts firm belongs to the singular assembly company exclusively. And the majority of auto parts industries are the low value-added products that are necessary a simple labor power. Third, the agglomeration undeveloped of associated industries with automobile caused a low competitiveness of invitation a manufacturing company as against other provinces. For a regional economic development by the auto industry, it is necessary a flexible regional structure of production through an agglomeration of associated industries. The geographical proximity between an assembly company and a parts firms is an important locational factor with the induction of Just-in-Time production system and a modularization in the auto industry. And a modularization applies to more new factory than the existing factories. So that, Jeon-buk self-government has to create an amicable industrial environment, try to attract an auto parts enterprises and plan an agglomerated industrial complex that is able to supply a parts modulated to assembly company.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.447-455
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• 1995

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is one of the major complications of abscesses of the maxillofacial region. The initial symptoms of CST are usually pain in the eye and tenderness to pressure. this is associated with high fluctuating fever, chills, rapid pulse, and sweating. Venous obstruction subsequently causes edema of the eyelids, lacrimation, proptosis, chemosis and retinal hemorrhages. Blindness is sometimes an accompaniment of cavernous sinus thrombosis when the infection also involves the orbit. There is also cranial nerve involvement (oculomotor, troclear, abducence) and ophthalmoplegia, diminished or absent corneal reflex, ptosis, and dilation of the pupil occur. The terminal stages bring signs of advanced toxemia and meningitis. Infections of the face can cause a septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus. Furunculosis and infected hair follicles in the nose are frequent causes. Extractions of maxillary anterior teeth in the presence of acute infection and especially curettage of the sockets under such circumstances can cause this condition. The infection is usually staphylococcal. The inflection may spread directly through the pterygoid plexus of veins and the pterygomaxillary space and then ascend into the sinus or it may spread directly from the pterygopalatine space to the orbit. This is possible because of the absence of valves in the angular, facial, and ophthalmic veins. The treatment is empirical antibiotic therapy followed by specific anbibiotic therapy based on blood or pus culture. The inflection usually involves one side, however, it may easily spread to the opposite side through the circulus sinus. Unless it is treated early, the prognosis is poor even in this doses. Occasionally the antibiotics will not adequately resolve the septic thrombus, and death ensues. the use of anticoagulants to prevent venous thrombosis has been recommended, but the efficacy of such therapy has not been substantiated. Surgical access through eye enucleation has been suggested. We report a case which demonstrates cavernous sinus thrombosis by the infection after the functional neck dissection and the intraoral reconstruction with auriculomastoid fascio-cutaneous island flap.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.643-678
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• 2013

The purposes of study are to examine early appearance of rural village development that local administration firstly promoted through the 'Mobum Burak Development' promoted in environment change around the local government in 5 16 military government period and find implications of the current rural village development. During the military government period(1961~1963), rural administration showed lots of changes such as reorganization of administration system whose basic local government are si gun, introduction of national planning system and spread of si gun, reorganization of rural taxation system, diversification of extension caused by the establishment of rural facilities such as new Nong-hyup, RDA, etc. Thus, the main axis of development administration of counties was transferred from central government or American aid organization to local administration. According to the basic operation plan introduced after the 5 16 as a planning system, the Ministry of Home Affairs instructed to write and promote gun construction plan based on all conditions of gun as long-term general plan of rural development. Therefore, each do established general plans such as 'Nongdo Jeonbuk Geundaehwa Plan', 'Yakjin Gyeongbuk Plan', 'Jeonnam Miraesang', etc. and Mobum Burak Development was promoted by all kinds of titles such as 'Bogoganeun Maeul(Jeonbuk)', 'Bitnaneun Maeul(Chungnam)', 'Hyeokmyeong Chon(Gyeonggi)', 'Saemaeul geonseol(Gyeongnam)', etc. as a business of rural village development. But, business contents of gun's 'construction plan' couldn't be mutually connected although Mobum Burak Development and unit business contents were promoted by duplicated plan. It became useless general plan as times went by as business focusing on short-term outcomes rather than construction based on long-term region. Mobum Burak Development also borrowed contents community development business, but military government couldn't approach basic solution of village and regional agriculture by focusing on short-term outcome, without imitation of form and procedure. This study is judged to be utilized as basic data of following studies because rural village development companies focusing on national policies discovered unit rural companies and analyzed them by connecting to environment changes of rural administration.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.226-244
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• 2012

This paper aims to analyze the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics industrial cluster and to understand the role of governments for local industrial dynamics. Gumi was a typical satellite platform type new industrial district up to mid-1990s. At that time, Gumi industrial park was the agglomeration of branch plants headquartered in Capital Region with weak local linkages. During the last two decades, however, Gumi has evolved to an electronics industrial cluster with considerable local interfirm linkages and innovation activities of SMEs. Recognizing government industrial policies is critical in understanding the process of the evolution of Gumi electronics cluster. At the early stage, the state was the developer and locator of business activities within the confines of the Gumi industrial park. In recent years, central government's innovative cluster policy contributed to strengthening networks among firms, universities, and research centers to form local innovation networks as well as networks between large branch plants and SMEs. Gumi city and Gyungsangbuk-do promoted innovative activities of SMEs through the supports of cooperative networks between universities and SMEs. The increasing roles of SMEs and local governments in addition to the large branch plants and the central government have become the basis of the evolution of industrial cluster in Gumi.