• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.286-296
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• 2016

해양 CCS는 화력발전소에서 배출되는 $CO_2$를 포집하여 해양 지중의 대수층이나, 고갈 유가스전까지 수송하여 저장하는 기술이다. 시간 경과에 따라 지중 저장소로 주입 및 저장되는 $CO_2$의 누적 양이 증가하며, 이는 저류층 압력의 상승을 동반한다. 저류층 압력의 상승은 수송 및 주입 시스템의 운전조건 변화를 유발한다. 따라서 초기 설계단계에서 이러한 사업시간의 경과에 따른 운전조건 변화를 반영한 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 국내 동해 대륙붕에 위치한 가스전을 $CO_2$ 저장소로 활용할 경우 시간 경과에 따른 해양 수송 및 주입 시스템 내 $CO_2$ 거동을 수치해석적 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전체 시스템을 해저 파이프라인, 라이저, 탑사이드, 주입정으로 구성하고, 이를 OLGA 2014.1을 이용하여 모델링 및 해석하였다. 약 10년의 주입 운전기간동안 해저 파이프라인, 라이저, 탑사이드, 주입정에서의 $CO_2$ 압력과 온도, 상거동의 변화를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 해저 파이프라인 입구 압축기, 탑사이드 열교환기 및 주입정 정두 제어 등의 설계 방안을 제시하였다.

• 대한안과학회지
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• 제59권11호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2018

목적: 신생혈관 연령관련황반변성 환자에서 유리체강 내 항혈관내피세포성장인자 주입술 1회 시행 후 1개월째 시력 반응의 정도 및 3회 시행 후 1개월째 시력 반응의 정도와 치료 시작 12개월 후의 시력과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 신생혈관 연령관련황반변성으로 진단받은 환자들 중 유리체강 내 항혈관내피세포성장인자 주입술로 치료하면서 12개월 이상 경과관찰이 가능했던 환자 30명의 의무기록을 분석하였다. 유리체강 내 주입술 1회 시행 후 1개월째 최대교정시력을 측정하였고 3회 주입술 후 1개월째 최대교정시력을 측정하여 상승 정도(<1, 1-<3, ${\geq}3$줄; logMAR)에 따른 치료 시작 후 12개월째 최대교정시력과 비교하였다. 결과: 첫 주사 후 1개월째 1줄 미만의 시력 향상을 보인 군은 6안(20%), 1줄 이상 3줄 미만의 시력 향상을 보인 군은 7안(23.3%), 3줄 이상 시력 향상을 보인 군은 17안(56.6%)이었다. 세 번째 주사 후 1개월째 1줄 미만의 시력 향상을 보인 군은 9안(30%), 1줄 이상 3줄 미만의 시력 향상을 보인 군은 9안(30%), 3줄 이상의 시력 향상을 보인 군은 12안(40%)이었다. 로지스틱 회귀 분석 및 선형회귀분석에서 3회 주입술 후 1개월째의 3줄 이상의 시력 향상은 치료 시작 12개월 후의 3줄 이상의 시력상승과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(p=0.04). 결론: 신생혈관 연령관련황반변성 환자에서 유리체강 내 주입술 3회 시행 후 1개월째 3줄 이상의 시력 향상 여부는 치료 시작 12개월 후의 3줄 이상의 시력예후와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 1995

Serum progesterone concentrations of pregnant and non-pregnant Hanwoo were compared to evaluate the possibility of early pregnancy prediction. Twenty five female Hanwoo were devided into two groups. Eighteen heads were injected with 980$\mu\textrm{g}$ tiaprost trometamol salt(Iliren:PGF2$\alpha$ analogue) for estrous synchronization and fifteen heads of them were inseminated artifically and seven heads were non-treated. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein before PGF2$\alpha$ injection and on day 0, 18, 21 after estrous induction. Pregnancy of cattle was confirmed by rectal palpaton after 60 days of artificial insemination. The serum progesterone concentrations at heat showed no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant while on day 18 and 21 after estrous induction showed significant differences(p<0.05). The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis on day 18 and 21 after estrous induction was 85.7 and 71.4% respectively while that of non-pregnancy were 71.4 and 100.0% respectively.

• 대한방사선협회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2001

For the cancer of the liver, surgery has been the best treatment, while patients who have the cancer of the liver in its early stages or metastatic liver cancer hardly be healed by surgery tend to be treated with PEIT (Percutaneous Ethanol Injection Thera

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2006

This paper investigates the steady-state combustion characteristics of the Homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) engine with variable valve timing(VVT) and dimethyl ether(DME) direct injection, to find out its benefits in exhaust gas emissions. HCCI combustion is an attractive way to lower carbon dioxide($CO_2$), nitrogen oxides(NOx) emission and to allow higher fuel conversion efficiency. However, HCCI engine has inherent problem of narrow operating range at high load due to high in-cylinder peak pressure and consequent noise. To overcome this problem, the control of combustion start and heat release rate is required. It is difficult to control the start of combustion because HCCI combustion phase is closely linked to chemical reaction during a compression stroke. The combination of VVT and DME direct injection was chosen as the most promising strategy to control the HCCI combustion phase in this study. Regular gasoline was injected at intake port as main fuel, while small amount of DME was also injected directly into the cylinder as an ignition promoter for the control of ignition timing. Different intake valve timings were tested for combustion phase control. Regular gasoline was tested for HCCI operation and emission characteristics with various engine conditions. With HCCI operation, ignition delay and rapid burning angle were successfully controlled by the amount of internal EGR that was determined with VVT. For best IMEP and low HC emission, DME should be injected during early compression stroke. IMEP was mainly affected by the DME injection timing, and quantities of fuel DME and gasoline. HC emission was mainly affected by both the amount of gasoline and the DME injection timing. NOx emission was lower than conventional SI engine at gasoline lean region. However, NOx emission was similar to that in the conventional SI engine at gasoline rich region. CO emission was affected by the amount of gasoline and DME.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2013

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ is thought to contribute to pulmonary hypertension. We aimed to investigate the effect of infliximab (TNF-${\alpha}$ antagonist) treatment on pathologic findings and gene expression in a monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model. Methods: Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 3 groups: control (C), single subcutaneous injection of normal saline (0.1 mL/kg); monocrotaline (M), single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg); and monocrotaline + infliximab (M+I), single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline plus single subcutaneous injection of infliximab (5 mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed after 1, 5, 7, 14, or 28 days. We examined changes in pathology and gene expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin receptor A (ERA), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP). Results: The increase in medial wall thickness of the pulmonary arteriole in the M+I group was significantly lower than that in the M group on day 7 after infliximab treatment (P<0.05). The number of intraacinar muscular arteries in the M+I group was lower than that in the M group on days 14 and 28 (P<0.05). Expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, ET-1, ERA, and MMP2 were significantly lower in the M+I group than in the M group on day 5, whereas eNOS and TIMP expressions were late in the M group (day 28). Conclusion: Infliximab administration induced early changes in pathological findings and expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, and MMP2 in a monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension rat model.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.585-593
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• 2006

The effect of the shape of the side wall on vaporization and fuel mixture were investigated for the impinging spray of a direct injection(DI) gasoline engine under a variety of conditions using the LIEF technique. The characteristics of the impinging spray were investigated under various configurations of piston cavities. To simulate the effect of piston cavity configurations and injection timing in an actual DI gasoline engine, the parameters were horizontal distance from the spray axis to side wall and vertical distance from nozzle tip to impingement plate. Prior to investigating the side wall effect, experiments on free and impinging sprays for flat plates were conducted and these results were compared with those of the side wall impinging spray. For each condition, the impingement plate was located at three different vertical distances(Z=46.7, 58.4, and 70 mm) below the injector tip and the rectangular side wall was installed at three different radial distances(R=15, 20, and 25 mm) from the spray axis. Radial propagation velocity from spray axis along impinging plate became higher with increasing ambient temperature. When the ambient pressure was increased, propagation speed reduced. High ambient pressures tended to prevent the impinging spray from the propagating radially and kept the fuel concentration higher near the spray axis. Regardless of ambient pressure and temperature fully developed vortices were generated near the side wall with nearly identical distributions, however there were discrepancies in the early development process. A relationship between the impingement distance(Z) and the distance from the side wall to the spray axis(R) was demonstrated in this study when R=20 and 25 mm and Z=46.7 and 58.4 mm. Fuel recirculation was achieved by adequate side wall distance. Fuel mixture stratification, an adequate piston cavity with a shorter impingement distance from the injector tip to the piston head should be required in the central direct injection system.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2003

GX-12 is a naked DNA vaccine developed by the DongA Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Genexine for the treatment of HIV infection. This study was peformed to evaluate the biodistribution and expression of GX-12 mRNA in gonadal tissues, and to investigate the histopathological changes after the repeated intramuscular injection. GX-12 (400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/head) was injected into the left anterior tibialis once a week for four weeks. On day 1, 5, 15, 30 and 45 after the final administration, gonadal tissues (testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, penis, prostate glands, ovaries, vagina, uterus) and the injection site (muscle) were harvested and examined for the expression of mRNA by RT-PCR. In addition, histopathological examination was peformed at each time point. At the injection site, mRNA expression of GX-12 was detected only at early time points (1 ~ 15 days after injection) but not thereafter. However, in gonadal tissues, mRNA expression was not identified at all time points both in male and female rats. There were no histopathological changes in all reproductive organs and muscle. Based on these results, it is unlikely that the plasmid DNAs of GX-12 was distributed to- and expressed in gonadal tissues, suggesting that the chance of germline integration and transmission is negligible.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2007

무발정기에 속한 Shih-tzu 견 9두를 대상으로 하여 PMSG(50IU/kg)를 10일 동안 매일 근육주사 후 마지막 10일째에 hCG(1,000IU/head)를 정맥 주사하여 인공적으로 발정을 유기 하였다. 실험견 9두 중 9두(100%)에서 발정 출혈, 회음부 반사, 외음부 종대 및 수컷 허용 등의 임상적인 발정 증상이 관찰되었으며 그중 5두(55.6%)가 임신하였고 4두는 임신되지 않았다(44.4%). 임신견 5두 중 3두(33.3%)가 자연분만하였는데 분만시 산자수는 $1.66{\pm}1.15$두 $(1{\sim}3)$이었고, 나머지 2두(40.2%) 는 PMSG 첫 투여후 38일과 41일에 조기태아사 하였다. 따라서 Shih-tzu 견에서 PMSG와 hCG 병용 투여에 의한 인공 발정 유기 효과는 발정 발현율 100%, 임신률 55.6%, 분만율이 33.3%이었다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2014

Generalized anaphylaxis is a most dramatic and acutely life-threatening allergic reaction and may cause death within a few minutes. Differential diagnosis of anaphylaxis is made by clinical signs, such as, mental change, respiratory distress, hypotension, hypoglycemia, urticaria and angioedema. Especially, insulin reaction, myocardial infarction and vasovagal syncope are considered as differential diagnosis. In cases of fatal anaphylaxis, respiratory and cardiovascular disturbances predominate and are evident early in the reaction. This is a case report of the intensive care of anaphylactic shock after intravenous injection of the penicillin in a old medically compromised patient with the maxillary osteonecrosis. The anaphylactic shock symptoms, such as, unconsciousness, respiratory disorder, no pulsation on carotid artery and cardiopulmonary arrest are occurred in intravenous injection of augmentin 1.2 g after the skin test. In spite of immediate emergency cares, such as intravenous injection of epinephrine, endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and continuous intensive care, the patient is expired in 58 hours after anaphylactic shock attack.