• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7143-7147
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• 2013

Background: The survival outcomes for women presenting with early breast cancer are influenced by treatment decisions. In Malaysia, survival outcome is generally poor due to late presentation. Of those who present early, many refuse treatment for complementary therapy. Objective: This study aimed to explore the decision making experiences of women with early breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews was conducted to capture the decision making process of women with early breast cancer in Malaysia. We used purposive sampling to recruit women yet to undergo surgical treatment. A total of eight participants consented and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. These women were recruited from a period of one week after they were informed of their diagnoses. A topic guide, based on the Ottawa decision support framework (ODSF), was used to facilitate the interviews, which were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach. Results: We identified four phases in the decision-making process of women with early breast cancer: discovery (pre-diagnosis); confirmatory ('receiving bad news'); deliberation; and decision (making a decision). These phases ranged from when women first discovered abnormalities in their breasts to them making final surgical treatment decisions. Information was vital in guiding these women. Support from family members, friends, healthcare professionals as well as survivors also has an influencing role. However, the final say on treatment decision was from themselves. Conclusions: The treatment decision for women with early breast cancer in Malaysia is a result of information they gather on their decision making journey. This journey starts with diagnosis. The women's spouses, friends, family members and healthcare professionals play different roles as information providers and supporters at different stages of treatment decisions. However, the final treatment decision is influenced mainly by women's own experiences, knowledge and understanding.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.109-129
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• 2013

본 연구는 보육교사가 지각한 어린이집 내의 의사결정 참여와 이직의도와의 관계에서 조직몰입의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 경기 및 인천지역 소재 어린이집 보육교사 193명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 다변량 분석분석을 실시하였고, Amos 18을 이용하여 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어린이집 유형에 따라 보육교사의 의사결정 참여, 조직몰입, 이직의도에서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 국공립어린이집의 보육교사가 의사결정 참여와 조직몰입 수준에서 상대적으로 높았고 이직의도는 더 적은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보육교사의 의사결정 참여와 조직몰입은 정적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타난 반면에, 의사결정 참여와 조직몰입 모두 이직의도와는 부적 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 보육교사의 조직몰입은 의사결정 참여와 이직의도와의 관계를 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 보육의 질을 향상시키고 보육교사의 근무여건 개선 방안 마련을 위한 근거자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

The emerging High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard attempts to improve coding efficiency by a factor of two over H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) at the expense of an increase in computational complexity. Mode decision with motion estimation (ME) is still one of the most time-consuming computations in HEVC, as it is with H.264/AVC. Thus, fast mode decisions are not only an important issue to be researched, but also an urgent one. Several schemes for fast mode decisions have been presented in reference software and in other studies. However, the conventional hierarchical mode decision can be useless when block-level parallelism is exploited. This paper proposes operation-level exploration that offers more chances for early termination. An early termination condition is checked between integer and fractional MEs and between the parts of one partition type. The fast decision points of the proposed algorithm do not overlap those in previous works. Thus, the proposed algorithms are easily used with other fast algorithms, and consequently, independent speed-up is possible.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2004

"한국노동패널"을 이용하여 조기은퇴 행위와 지연은퇴 행위가 은퇴 전 후 소비에 미치는 영향을 2단계 전환회귀분석방법으로 분석하였다. 추정 과정에서 본 논문에서는 조기은퇴 결정이 은퇴 전 후 소비에 미치는 영향을 크게 두 가지로 구분하였다. 첫 번째는 조기은퇴 결정이 존재하는 경우와 존재하지 않는 경우를 비교하는 것으로서 추정결과 선택편의(selection bias)가 존재하는지를 통해 살펴보았다. 두 번째는 조기은퇴 결정 후 조기은퇴자의 소비를 지연은퇴자의 소비와 비교하는 것으로서, 소비의 소득탄력성을 비교하여 살펴보았다. 추정 결과 조기은퇴를 결정했을 경우 조기은퇴 결정이 존재하지 않는 경우와 비교했을 때 은퇴 전 소비가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 조기은퇴자와 지연은퇴자의 소비의 소득탄력성을 비교해 본 결과 소득이 증가하였을 때 조기은퇴자의 소비 증가폭이 지연은퇴자보다 작았다. 이상의 결과는 조기은퇴 결정 이후 상대적으로 길어진 은퇴 기간이 은퇴 전 소비에 영향을 미치고 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.385-402
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• 2010

Most of the data warehouse (DW) requirements engineering approaches have not distinguished the early requirements engineering phase from the late requirements engineering phase. There are very few approaches seen in the literature that explicitly model the early & late requirements for a DW. In this paper, we propose an AGDI (Agent-Goal-Decision-Information) model to support the early and late requirements for the development of DWs. Here, the notion of agent refers to the stakeholders of the organization and the dependency among agents refers to the dependencies among stakeholders for fulfilling their organizational goals. The proposed AGDI model also supports three interrelated modeling activities namely, organization modeling, decision modeling and information modeling. Here, early requirements are modeled by performing organization modeling and decision modeling activities, whereas late requirements are modeled by performing information modeling activities. The proposed approach has been illustrated to capture the early and late requirements for the development of a university data warehouse exemplifying our model's ability of supporting its decisional goals by providing decisional information.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.745-754
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• 2012

The correlations between Large Early Release Frequency (LERF) and Early Fatality need to be investigated for risk-informed application and regulation. In Regulatory Guide (RG) -1.174, while there are decision-making criteria using the measures of Core Damage Frequency (CDF) and LERF, there are no specific criteria on LERF. Since there are both huge uncertainties and large costs needed in off-site consequence calculation, a LERF assessment methodology needs to be developed, and its correlation factor needs to be identified, for risk-informed decision-making. A new method for estimating off-site consequence has been presented and performed for assessing health effects caused by radioisotopes released from severe accidents of nuclear power plants in this study. The MACCS2 code is used for validating the source term quantitatively regarding health effects, depending on the release characteristics of radioisotopes during severe accidents. This study developed a method for identifying correlations between LERF and Early Fatality and validates the results of the model using the MACCS2 code. The results of this study may contribute to defining LERF and finding a measure for risk-informed regulations and risk-informed decision-making.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2006

The objective of the study is to verify the discriminatory power of technology innovation in predicting Early Stage Ventures' success or failure. To accomplish this objective, we test early stage ventures'(Firm's period is below 3 years)technology innovation and performance. The result of the study is expected to be useful in loan evaluation, investment decision, internal management decision making and business improvement. The results of study is as follows. First, Early Stage Ventures' technology innovation power is composed of 4 major indexes(technology, marketability, manufacturing infra and economic feasibility). Second, we find that thirty-seven minor indexes are significant ex-ante variable which are discriminating between firms' success and failure in Early Stage Ventures. Also thirty-seven minor indexes explain 57.2% of the total variance. This explainable power of these indexes is similar to that of the existing 58 index elements. Finally, we find that the most important technology innovation power of Early Stage Ventures' is economic feasibility.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.213-216
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• 2015

Despite the significant increase of Korean contractors in the international construction market, many SMCCs (Small & Medium Construction Companies) have suffered in the global financial crisis, and some of them have been kicked out of the international market after experiencing huge losses on projects. SMCCs face obstacles in the international market, such as an insufficient ability to gather information and inappropriate management of associated risks, which lead to difficulties in establishing effective business strategies. In other words, making immature decisions without an effective business strategy may cause not only the failure of one project but also the bankruptcy of the SMCC. To overcome this, the research presented herein aims to propose a decision support system for SMCCs, which would screen projects and make a go/no-go decision at the early stages of international projects. The proposed system comprises a double axis: (1) a profit prediction model, which evaluates 10 project properties using an objective methodology based on a historical project performance database and roughly suggests expected profit rate, and (2) a feasibility assessment model, which evaluates 17 project environment factors in a subjective and quantitative methodology based on experience and supervision. Finally, a web-based system is established to enhance the practical usability, which is expected to be a good reference for inexperienced SMCCs to make proper decisions and establish effective business strategies.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 DVB-S2 기반 LDPC 부호의 반복 복호횟수를 줄이기 위한 계산 복잡도가 줄어든 early stopping 방식을 제안한다. DVB-S2 기반 LDPC 복호기는 최대 64800 비트의 부호를 처리해야 되기 때문에 그 자체로 매우 높은 계산 복잡도를 가진다. 기존 early stopping 방식은 64800 비트의 DVB-S2 LDPC 코드를 이용하여 early stopping 기준치를 계산하는데 있어 높은 계산 복잡도를 가진다. 따라서 제안 방식은 LDPC 부호의 계층적 복호방식중 하나인 Horizontal Shuffling Scheduling 복호 방식에 early stopping 방식을 간단하게 적용함으로써 기존 방식 대비 최대 70%의 계산량 감소를 달성하였다. 실험 결과는 제안 방식을 적용한 LDPC 복호 알고리즘이 기존 방식 대비 Bit Error Rate 성능이 더 우수하다는 것을 보여준다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2020

When cells are stimulated by growth factors, they make a critical choice in early G₁ phase: proceed forward to S phase, remain in G₁, or revert to G₀ phase. Once the critical decision is made, cells execute a fixed program independently of extracellular signals. The specific stage at which the critical decision is made is called the restriction point or R-point. The existence of the R-point raises a major question: what is the nature of the molecular machinery that decides whether or not a cell in G₁ will continue to advance through the cell cycle or exit from the cell cycle? The R-point program is perturbed in nearly all cancer cells. Therefore, exploring the nature of the R-point decision-making machinery will provide insight into how cells consult extracellular signals and intracellular status to make an appropriate R-point decision, as well into the development of cancers. Recent studies have shown that expression of a number of immediate early genes is associated with the R-point decision, and that the decision-making program constitutes an oncogene surveillance mechanism. In this review, we briefly summarize recent findings regarding the mechanisms underlying the context-dependent R-point decision.