• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1993

The effects of freezing and 1,2-propanediol on early and late pronucleate stage mouse ova were investigated in terms of survival after thawing and development in vitro. The samples were divided into two groups according to different age in pronucleate ova: ova in(1) early pronuclear stage with two distant pronuclei at 18h after hCG injection, and (2) late pronuclear stage with adjacent pronuclei at 30h. Zygotes in the late pronuclear stage have been proven to be more resistant to 1,2-propanediol, showing a significantly higher developmental rate than zygotes in early stage (80.3 versus 66.3%, <0.05), but survival rate was similar in the two groups (91.0 versus 93.5%). After freezing and thawing, survival and developmental rates were decreased in both groups when compared to the control group (54.3 versus 92.3%, 47.7 versus 73.3%. respectively). And developmental rate in the late pronuclear stage zygotes showed significantly higher than in early (55.4 versus 40.0%) after thawing. In conclusion, early pronucleate mouse ova have a lower developmental capacity in vitro and a lower survival rate after freezing and thawing than late ova. These findings suggest that the timing of freezing could be important for survival and further development in vitro in cryopreservation of human pronucleate ova.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.207-211
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• 2008

국내 건설산업은 급격한 시장변화와 경쟁심화의 과정을 겪으면서 프로젝트 초기 단계의 예산 집행 및 관리의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 설계 완료 이후의 단계에서 조정 가능한 비용은 20%에 불과하기 때문에, 프로젝트 초기 단계에서 중요한 의사결정이 이루어진다. 하지만 초기 단계에서의 의사결정은 설계정보가 확정되지 않고, 정보가 한정되는 등 불확실성 하에서 이루어진다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 프로젝트 초기 단계의 정확한 비용 예측을 목적으로 parametric method를 사용하여 공사비 예측 방법을 제안하였다. Parametric method를 이용한 공사비 예측 방법은 프로젝트 초기단계에 사용하기에 적합하며, 특히 신속하게 공사비 예측을 할 수 있다는 장점을 지닌다. 국내 아파트 9개 단지 $11{\sim}15$층 규모의 총 84개동 공공아파트 실적자료를 분석하여 공사비와 영향요인간 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 다중공선성 문제를 야기하는 변수를 제거한 후, 다중회귀분석을 통하여 공사비 예측 관계식을 도출하였다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Background： Laryngeal cancer, the most common malignancy of head and neck, is being detected and treated in earlier and more effectively due to introduction of endoscope, continuous development of radiographic technology, and advancement in new surgical techniques such as laser surgery and conservation laryngeal surgery Objectives To compare the different treatment results for early laryngeal cancer to determine which methos provides the good prognosis. Materials and Methods： Retrospective study was done for 135 patients with early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma(Stage I or II) who were treated at our institute between 1989 to 1996. There were 105 patients with glottic cancer(Stage I: 68 patients, Stage II：37 Patients) and 30 patients with supraglottic cancer(Stage I: 12 patients, Stage II：18 patients) Initial treatment included radiation therapy for 54 patients, endoscopic laser surgery for 8 patients, laryngofissure and cordectomy for 8 patients, vertical partial laryngectomy for 37 patients, supraglottic laryngecomy for 14 patients and supracricoid laryngectomy for 5 patiens, and total laryngectomy for 9 patients. Results : Salvage treatments, such as total laryngectomy, conservation laryngeal surgery, radiation therapy and neck dissection were performed for initial treatment failure with 9 patients after radiation therapy, 8 patients after conservation laryngeal surgery, 2 patients after endoscopic laser and 3 patients after total laryngectomy. Overall 3-year survival rate for glottic 71 was 92.4%, glottic f 84.3%, supraglottic 7172.7%, and supraglottic f was 63.%%. However, survival rate of the same stage was variable according to the choice of initial treatment. Conclusion New classification of the early laryngeal cancer was necessary and helpful for the choice of the initial treatment.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.970-972
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• 2013

We examined the relative growth of Microstomus achne during early life stages of laboratory-reared larvae and juveniles. Turning points in the relative growth of preanal length and upper jaw length against total length occurred during the settlement period (11.12-19.91 mm in total length). However, turning points in the relative growth of head length and eye diameter, as compared to total length, occurred during metamorphosis (17.57-22.47 mm in total length). Our results suggest that Microstomus achne concentrates its energy on the feeding apparatus (jaw) and digestive organs (intestine) rather than sensory or neural organs (eye, head) during early larval stage growth.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2000

The cells that make up the body continuously undergo cell division to maintain life, but stress and carcinogens, and physiological stimuli suppress immunological functions in the body and change cells to cancerous cells. The only way to overcome cancer is by treatment through early detection and proper diagnosis. However, because early stage of cancer shows subjective symptoms that are similar to those of other common illnesses, even doctors have difficulty separating cancer from common illnesses in its early stage. However, the Ki(bioenergy) present in our body recognizes and changes to the most minute changes in the body. This method of detecting the change in bioenergy to discover a disease in the early stage to raise treatment success is called the OBET: O-Ring, Bioenergy Test. This method, which is based on the theories of oriental medicine, focuses on tumors, especially malignant tumors, and has shown value in diagnosis and treatment, as witnessed in the clinical applications. The diagnosis method and cases of OBET: O-Ring, Bioenergy Test are presented.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1973

The writer intended to observe the relative mobility of elements in weathering process of granite, on the outskirts of IRI city at Jeollabukdo KOREA. He analysed fresh granites and weathered ones of Hwang-Dung granite mass and had following conclusions by the triangular diagrams and the oxidized variation diagrams of the analysis. 1) The increasing phenomena of $H_2O$ observed clearly in early and late stage of weathering processes. 2) Granites was weathered by physical weathering in early stage, and it was weathered by chemical weathering in late stage. 3) The ratio of $FeO/Fe_2O_3$, FeO/MgO, and $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ decreased uniformly from early to late stage of weathering processes. 4) It was proved that weathering potential of granite was larger than that of basaltic rock. 5) The order of mobility in major elements was Ca, Na, K>Si>Mg>Fe, Al.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.404-410
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• 1997

Amylase, protease, polygalacturonase and $\beta$-galactosidase activities were monitored during salting of Chinese cabbage and kimchi fermentation at 1$0^{\circ}C$. A part of enzymes in the tissue of Chinese cabbage were eluted during salting, and other remained enzymes activities were decreased in proportion to the amount of elution. But total enzyme activities were increased during salting. Amylase, protease and polygalacturonase activities decreased at the early fermentation stage but increased at the late fermentation stage. $\beta$-Galactosidase activity was continuously increased during all periods of fermentation. Enzymic actions at the early fermentation stage come from Chinese cabbge and at the late fermentation stage come from major microorganisms in kimchi fermentation. Kimchi fermentation involves the activation of the enzymes by salting; hydrolysis of micromoleculars such as polysaccarides cell wall composed polysaccarides and proteins of cell wall during early fermentation of kimchi; overripening of the kimchi caused by propagation of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria which demand autotroph.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1995년도 춘계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.1-4
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• 1995

The microstructure of polymer membranes produced via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) of polymer solutions is a strong function of both the early-stage (by spinodal decomposition or nucleation & growth) and the late-stage phase separation (referred to in general as coarsening). In the case of early stage effects, the membrane morphology resulting from a nucleation & growth mechanism is either a poorly interconnecsed, stringy, beady structure which is mechanically fragile or a well interconnected structure with highly nonuniform pore sizes. In contrast, spinodal decomposition results in a well interconnected, mechanically strong membrane with highly uniform pore sizes. Here I describe recent quantitative studies of the coarsening effects on the microstructure of membranes produced via TIPS process. The dependence of microstructure on coarsening time, quench depth, solution viscosity, and polymer molecular weight was investigated in order to distinguish among three possible coarsening mechanisms, Ostwald ripening, coalescence, and hydrodynamic flow, which may be responsible for structural evolution after the early-stage phase Separation (spinodal decomposition or nucleation & growth).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2018

Purpose: Generally, adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) should be initiated as soon as possible after surgery to eradicate microscopic cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of early AC on the survival of stage II/III gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Four hundred sixty patients who received AC (S-1 or XELOX) for pathologic stage II/III gastric cancer at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between January 2008 and December 2014 were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: early AC administration (within 4 weeks) and late AC administration (more than 4 weeks). Patients in the early AC group (n=174) were matched 1:1 with patients in the late AC group (n=174) by propensity scoring to adjust for clinical differences. Three-year relapse-free survival (RFS) was evaluated according to the timing of AC. Results: Three-year RFS was 98.1% in stage IIA (n=109), 85.0% in stage IIB (n=83), 87.4% in stage IIIA (n=96), 83.5% in stage IIIB (n=91), and 62.5% in stage IIIC (n=81). After propensity score matching, RFS was similar between early and late AC groups (hazard ratio [HR],1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-1.74; P=0.889). Pathologic stage and histological type were independent prognostic factors of RFS (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.06-3.96; P=0.033 and HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.42-4.80; P=0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Early initiation of AC within 4 weeks does not affect survival rates in stage II/III gastric cancer.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-81
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the relative effects of marital conflict, social support, satisfaction with early childhood care and education centers, and family-friendly policies on the parenting stress of working mothers. The data were drawn from the 4th and 7th waves of the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC). Participants comprised 252 working mothers with infant children (4th wave) and children in the early childhood stage (7th wave). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 22.0. The major findings were that marital conflict, emotional support, and the implementation of family-friendly policies significantly affected the parenting stress of working mothers with infant children. Additionally, marital conflict and satisfaction with early childhood care and education centers had significant effects on the parenting stress of working mothers with children in the early childhood stage. These findings emphasize the importance of considering a child's developmental stage in reducing parenting stress.