• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of an auricular acupressure (AA) program for smoking cessation in high school students from 2015 to 2017. Methods: The study investigated 12 high school students who had been smokers. Subjects were treated for three years. Each program was composed of five AA treatments. Average daily smoking and adverse reactions were checked for one week before each procedure. The AA was administered weekly at the endocrine point, lung point, throat point, nasal fossae point, bronchial tube point, and mouth point. Results: The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day after each year of treatment significantly decreased from 5.33±3.58 to 3.54±2.08 in 2015 (p=0.046). However, it increased from 5.75±2.30 to 6.00±3.61 in 2017 (p=0.80). The number of cigarettes smoked before treatment was found to be higher than the number of cigarettes after treatment in the previous year. No significant results were obtained from analysis of the change in the amount of smoking within each year. Conclusion: Social influence, such as the subject's academic stress and peer relationships, may have been a major factor in the change in the amount of smoking. Although the AA did not show a strong effect in smoking cessation, it appears to have value as a supplementary means of stopping smoking.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.161-183
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• 2004

Context : Oriental medicine deals with mind cardinally and effectiveness of CBT on weight control is well-known. but there is no well-structured psychotherapy for weight control like CBT in Oriental medicine so far. Therefore It is necessary to develop new cognitive program based on the theory of Oriental medical. Objective: This study examined whether Yangsung program based on new cognitive weight regulation model is effective on weight loss, self esteem and self control. Design and setting: 44 women were assigned randomly to 2 groups; experimental group(n=24) and control group(n=10). experimental group had 11 sessions consisted of cognitive therapy, meditation, general diet and exercise education. Control group had personal interview with general diet and exercise education and ear acupuncture once a week for two months. All subjects were weighed and evaluated with Rosenberg self esteem scale, and three factor eating questionnaires at the beginning of the program and at the end of the program. Result: Experimental group reported significant changes of weight, self esteem, restraint eating, disinhibition and hunger(p<0.01). Compared with control group, more significant(p<0.05) Weight reduction and self-esteem enhancement were reported in experimental group than control group. There is no significant difference between two groups in changes of restraint eating, disinhibition and hunger.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.126-136
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• 2007

Objectives : Bell's palsy in an acute peripheral facial nerve paralysis that usually affects only one side of the face. The seventh cranial nerve carries predominantly motor fibers, but also supplies some autonomic innervation, sensation to park of the ear, and taste to the anterior two thirds of the tongue. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of differences between facial skin temperature of the paralyzed side and normal side in Bell's palsy patients. Methods : the author studied 68 patients with Bell's palsy whose facial nerve function had been documented by the House-Brackmann grading system. We measured skin temperature of the forehead, zygoma, lower lip, temple and lower jaw area of the paralyzed side and those of the normal side. Results : there were significant facial skin temperature differences between the forehead area of paralyzed side and that of normal side of GrII(P<0.05) and III(P<0.05). The result also showed that the facial skin temperature difference according to the aflection period vanished when air temperature was calibrated (F=1.700, P=0.178). Conclusions : Thermography is a useful diagnostic tool in Bell's palsy if the air temperature is low enough to cool the facial skin temperature and the forehead area is evaluated as the sampling zone.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect the of treatment in obesity clinic in east-west collaboration center, furthermore to search for how to join and improve east medicine and west medicine more closely. Methods : 37 patients were classified into four groups by Body Mass Index(BMI); normal, overweight, 1st obesity and 2nd obesity groups. Weight, BMI, body fat rate and abdominal fat rate were compared in each group by paired t-test. Results & Conclusions : In distribution of sex, male were 10(27%), female were 27(73%). Mean age was $34{\pm}13$ and the patients in twenties un the most. Among four groups, the number of End obesity groups was the most. Most patients had a preference for western medication and ear acupuncture therapy. In general we could find the correlation between the effect of obesity treatment and the degree of obesity. The more the obesity degree was, the more weight loss was.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.277-287
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• 2004

I have come to next conclusions in consequence of documentary study about medical books of many generations regarding venesection therapy. 1. Venesection therapy is much used for five sensory organ disease. Besides that internal disease, pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints, sugical disease, disease of woman and children, fever sunstroke CVA emergency case follow that in the order of frequency of use. 2. It is used for swollen tongue, eye pain, pharyngitis, swelling and pain in the throat, bleeding from the eye ear nose mouth or subcutaneous tissue, tonsillitis, aphthae and so on in the five sensory organ disease. Focus, sosang, jinjin yuye, taiyang, baihui are used for five sensory organ disease in the order of frequency of use. 3. It is used for malaria, headache, precordial pain, head-wind, abdominal colic, diseases characterized by acute diarrhea and vomiting, and so on in the Internal disease. Superficial venules and lymph vessesls, taiyang, quze are used for Internal disease in the order of frequency of use. 4. It is used for low back pain, hypochondriac pain, numbness, knee pain, tinea pedis, red swelling pain of hand and arm, flaccidity-syndrome, and so on in the pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints. Weizhong, superficial venules and lymph vessesls, Ashi point, zhigou are used for pain paralysis disease of muscle and joints in the order of frequency of use. 5. It is used for furuncle, tinea capitis, and so on in the sugical disease. Focus, weizhong are used for sugical disease in the order of frequency of use. 6. It is used for inflammatory disease with redness of skin, and so on in the disease of woman and children. Focus, weizhong, yanglingquan, yaoshu, sanyinjiao are used for disease of woman and children in the order of frequency of use. 7. It is used for fever, CVA, sunstroke, cadaverous coma, common cold, and so on in the fever sunstroke CVA emergency case. Sosang, weizhong, chize are used for fever sunstroke CVA emergency case in the order of frequency of use. 8. The urinary bladder channel of foot-taiyang is most used. Next there are the du channel, the stomach channel of foot-yangming, the lung channel of hand-taiyin, the gall baldder channel of foot-shaoyang, the triple-warmer channel of hand-shaoyang, the large intestine channel of hand-yangming, the spleen channel of foot-taiyin, the kidney channel of foot-shaoyin the pericardium channel of hand-jueyin the liver channel of foot-jueyin, the ren channel, the heart channel of hand-shaoyin, the small intestine channel of hand-taiyang in the order of frequency in use. 9. Superficial venules and lymph vessesls, focus, five shu points, extra-point, back point are used in the venesection therapy, those are characteristic of locating an acupuncture point.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.396-407
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• 1999

Although tinnitus is a common disease, it's reason, pathogenesis and treatment are not examined clearly. As tinnitus is a subjective complaint, it is not easy to evaluate objectively and to compare with another. In this study, we intend to estimate the effect of a variety of oriental medical treatments to tinnitus. We inquired about 30cases of tinnitus patients visited the Kwang-ju Oriental Medical Hospital of Wonkwang University from Apr. 1998 to Sep. 1998. We examined the 30cases in the view of sex, age, occupation, duration, etiologic factors, past history, associating symptoms, quality of tinnitus, and recovery rate after treatments. The results were as follows: 1. In distribution of sex, the ratio of male was $63.3\%$(19cases)and\;female\;was\;36.6\%$(11cases). 2. In distribution of age, the ratio of the 2th decade was $6.6\%(2cases),\;the\;3th\;decade\;was\;20.0\%(6cases),\;the\;4th\;decade\;was\;16.6\%(5cases),\;the\;5th\;decade\;was\;23.3\%(7cases),\;the\;6th\;decade\;was\;30.0\%\;(9cases),and\;the\;7th\;decade\;was\;3.3\%(1case)$. 3. In distribution of occupation, the ratio of employee was $23.3\%$(7cases), house-keeper was $63.3\%(11cases),\;farmer\;was\;16.6\%(5cases),\;teacher\;was\;13.3\%$ (4cases), and student, merchant, soldier was each $3.3\%$(1case). 4. In distribution of duration, the ratio of under 1month was $6.6\%$ (2cases), 1 month -6 months was $20.0\%$(6cases), 6 months- 12months was $30.0\%$(9cases), 12months-36months was $23.3\%$(7cases), and over 36months was $20.0\%$(6cases). 5. In etiologic factor of tinnitus, the ratio of unknown reason was $40.0\%$ (12cases), overwork was $16.6\%$(5cases), emotional stress was $10.0\%$(3cases), noise was $6.6\%$(2cases), cases of laying overwork upon stress was $13.3\%$(4cases), head trauma was $3.3\%$(1case), gun report was $3.3\%$ (1case), and after sickness was $6.6\%$(2cases). 6. 9 cases had experienced such a disease as meniere's disease, tympanitis, labyrinthitis, trauma of tympanum, hypertension, etc. 7. Commonly associated symptoms were dizziness, deafness, uneasiness, headache, ear fullness, fatigue, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, and forgetfulness. 8. Most frequent quality of tinnitus were buzzing, whistling, humming etc. 9. In $76.6\%$(23cases) of tinnitus patients, it was improved, but in $23.3%$(7cases) of them, not improved. Total recovery rate was $42.2\%$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.92-101
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• 2021

Objectives : Otomycosis is superficial fungal infection of external auditory canal accompanied with itching, pain, discharge, hearing loss, tinnitus and ear fullness. And chronic inflammation like chronic suppurative otitis media exacerbates otomycosis. The purpose of this study is to report one case of Korean medical treatment for otomycosis with chronic suppurative otitis media. Methods : This study was conducted with one case of otomycosis with chronic suppurative otitis media patient hospitalized in Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology Clinic of Korean medical Hospital. This patient was treated with Korean medical treatment including herbal medicine, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture and venesection. After the treatment, we took picture of external auditory canal by otoscope and evaluated subjective symptoms. Results : After the treatment, this patient had improved condition of external auditory canal and subjective symptoms. Conclusions : This study suggests that Korean medical treatment may be effective for otomycosis with chronic suppurative otitis media.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

Objectives : This study is to report a case of otitis media with effusion accompanied by atopic dermatitis improved by Korean medicine monotherapy. Methods : A 31-year-old woman patient visited our clinic for aural fullness, hearing loss, and tinnitus of the left ear on August 14th, 2021. She also had abdominal pain, diarrhea, and general weakness because of side effects of antibiotics. Besides, she had nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and dry skin. Through otoscopy, her tympanum was fully filled with yellow effusion. She only took Korean medicine therapy including acupuncture and herbal medicine weekly. The treatment continued for about 4 months(total 14 visits) until December 4th, 2021. Otoscopy, numerical rating scale(NRS), scoring atopic dermatitis(SCORAD) index were used to assess the symptoms. Results : On August 30, 2021, her intestinal symptoms improved. The left tympanum was recovered to normal condition as the treatment continued. The effusion disappeared on October 16th, 2021. On November 6th, 2021, peritympanic blood congestion also almost alleviated. Subjective symptoms including aural fullness, hearing loss, and tinnitus disappeared on October 16, 2021. Nasal symptoms and dry skin also improved. The SCORAD index dropped from 15 to 4. Conclusions : These results suggests that otitis media with effusion can be sufficiently managed by Korean medicine therapy. Further, active application of Korean medicine therapy to common otolaryngological diseases is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 2024

Objectives This study aimed to understand the general research trends, applicated disease, and methodology of transcutaneous/percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation, contemplating its clinical use in traditional Korean medicine and future research directions. Methods A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley Framework Stage and adhering to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews: checklist and explanation. Papers published until October 30, 2023, were investigated across 10 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean Studies Information Service System, KMbase, Science ON, Research Information Sharing Service. The search terms used were 'Transcutaneous/Percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation'. Results Since 2021, the application of transcutaneous/percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation for musculoskeletal symptoms has been actively researched, predominantly in Asia (37%), Europe (37%), and North America (21%). All 19 papers were part of clinical studies. Chronic pain was noted that most applied disease, it also was found to potentially aid in acute post-surgical pain relief. Major assessment tools include not only simple pain metrics but also pain perception, vagal nerve tension, quality of life, and inflammatory markers. Most procedures were carried out through the ear, which offers a favorable site for therapeutic stimulation without notable side effects. And parameter analysis, frequencies typically ranged around 25 Hz to 30 Hz, while pulse widths were commonly set at 250 ㎲ or 300 ㎲. Conclusions Transcutaneous/percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation is easily accessible through acupuncture in Korean medicine. Therefore, if future studies establish parameters and clinical significance, it could be utilized as a therapeutic modality.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate about comparison of Eastern-Western medicine on the acne. Methods : We searched Eastern and Western medicine books for acne. We analyzed these books and examined category, definition, etiology, classification, internal and external methods of treatment of acne. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In Eastern medicine, Acne belongs to the category of the Bunja(粉刺), Jwachang(痤瘡), Pyepungbunja(肺風粉刺). In Western medicine, the other name of Acne is acne vulgaris. 2. In Eastern medicine, the definition of Acne includes manual extraction of comedones and skin appearance. In Western medicine, Acne is a common skin disease during adolescence and a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit of self localization. It is characterized by noninflammatory, open or closed comedones and by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules and it affects the areas of skin with the densest population of sebaceous follicles, these areas include the face, neck, back, and the upper part of the chest. 3. In Eastern medicine, the cause and mechanism of Acne arose from the state of internal dampness-heat and spleen-stomach internal qi deficiency due to dietary irregularities and then invaded external pathogen such as wind-dampness-heat-cold-fire in lung meridian lead to qi and blood heat depression stagnation. So it appears in skin. In Western medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Acne is clearly not identified, but there are most significant pathogenic factors of blood heat depression stagnation. So it appears in skin. In Western medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Acne is clearly not identified, but there are most significant pathogenic factors of Acne; Androgen-stimulated production of sebum, hyperkeratinization and obstruction of sebaceous follicles, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes and inflammation, abnormaility of skin barrier function, genetic aspects, environmental factors etc. 4. In Eastern medicine, differentiation of syndromes classifies clinical aspects, and cause and mechanism of disease; the former is papular, pustular, cystic, nodular, atrophic, comprehensive type; the latter is lung blood heat, intestine-stomach dampness-heat, phlegm-stasis depression, thoroughfare-conception disharmony, heat toxin type. In Western medicine, it divides into an etiology and invasion period, and clinical aspects; Acne neonatorum, Acne infantum, Acne in puberty and adulthood, Acne venenata; Acne vulgaris, Acne conglobata, Acne fulminans, Acne keloidalis. 5. In Eastern medicine, Internal methods of treatment of Acne are divided into five treatments; general treatments, the treatments of single-medicine and experiential description, the treatments depending on the cause and mechanism of disease, and clinical differentiation of syndromes, dietary treatments. In Western medicine, it is a basic principles that regulation on production of sebum, correction on hyperkeratinization of sebaceous follicles, decrease of Propionibacterium acnes colony and control of inflammation reaction. Internal methods of treatment of Acne are antibiotics, retinoids, hormone preparations etc. 6. In Eastern medicine, external methods of treatment of Acne are wet compress method, paste preparation method, powder preparation method, pill preparation method, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, ear acupuncture therapy, prevention and notice, and so on. In Western medicine, external method of treatments of Acne are divided into topical therapy and other surgical therapies. Topical therapy is used such as antibiotics, sebum regulators, topical vitamin A medicines etc and other surgical therapies are used such as surgical treatments, intralesional injection of corticosteroids, skin dermabrasion, phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, and so on. Conclusions : Until now, there is no perfect, effective single treatment. We think that Eastern medicine approach and treatment can be helpful to overcome the limitations of acne cure.