• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2000

The effect of earthworm on the recycling or control of organic P in environment has been investigated. The activity of phytase(myo-inositol hexaposphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.8) produced by isolated microoganisms from vermicomposted cow manure was usually higher than that of phytase produced by isolated microorganisms from composted cow manure. However the activity of phytase excreted by seperated earthworm(Eisenia foetida) was not detected. The concentration of total P and available P was revealed 2.88%, 0.22% in composted cow manure and 1.70% 0.14% in vermicomposted cow manure.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.972-980
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• 2016

An ultra-wideband microwave monolithic integrated circuit high-power amplifier with excellent input and output return losses for phased array jammer applications was designed and fabricated using commercial $0.25-{\mu}m$ AlGaN/GaN technology. To improve the wideband performance, resistive matching and a shunt feedback circuit are employed. The input and output return losses were improved through a balanced design using Lange-couplers. This three-stage amplifier can achieve an average saturated output power of 15 W, and power added efficiency of 10% to 28%, in a continuous wave operation over a frequency range of 6 GHz to 18 GHz. The input and output return losses were demonstrated to be lower than -15 dB over a wide frequency range.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2024

Development of electronic warfare(EW) software has become increasingly challenging due to stricter regulations, shorter development cycles, and increased reliability testing. Consequently, software development often proceeds without proper architecture design, which can lead to missing critical quality requirements and potential system redesigns. In this study, we propose using Attribute-Driven Design(ADD) 3.0 to design software architecture specifically tailored for EW systems, enabling a more systematic approach to address quality requirements. The paper presents an overview of EW software and ADD 3.0 methodology, followed by an analysis of the architecture design results using static and dynamic views. The paper concludes by discussing the effectiveness of the proposed architecture design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.615-620
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• 2013

To extend the shelf-life of salted Chinese cabbages, electrolyzed water (EW) was used to wash raw Chinese cabbages before the salting process (to control microbial growth), and different storage temperatures evaluated (0, 4, and $10^{\circ}C$). A tap water washing group (TW) was used for comparison. The initial total bacterial population was 5.36 log CFU/g in the TW treatment and 3.50 log CFU/g in the EW treatment. The EW treatment decreased bacterial numbers by approximately 2 log CFU/g compared to the TW treatment and kept this initial population number for 32 days at $0^{\circ}C$. The salinity had no difference during storage. In general, several factors (pH, reducing sugars, hardness, and transmittance) decreased over time, and decreased slowly with EW treatment and $0^{\circ}C$ storage. Overall, the salted Chinese cabbages with EW treatment showed lower bacterial populations compared to TW treatment, and when stored at $0^{\circ}C$, delayed decreases in quality.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to investigate sterilization effect and to extend storage periods of the Rubus coreanus by treating with tap water (TW), electrolyzed water (EW) and aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$). After each treatment plot was soaked with 10, 50, 100, 200 ppm in each sterilizing solution within 30 sec, each treatment was compared during the storage time at room temperature and refrigerator temperature. As results of total plate count according to temperatures and periods, the microbial sterilizing power of each treatment plot was bigger at EW and $ClO_2$ treatment plots than the TW treatment plot; however, it sharply increased on the high concentration $ClO_2$ treatment plot. Futhermore, the cold storage treatment plot had more outstanding microbial sterilizing power than the room temperature treatment plot. As a result of observing the surface of the Rubus coreanus using scanning electron microscope (SEM), no microbe was seen in EW and $ClO_2$ treatment plot. The results of measuring enzyme activity showed a more significant decrease in EW and $ClO_2$ solutions treatment plot than TW treatment plot but gradually increased with time. The contents of total polyphenol revealed similar values on each treatment. The EW and $ClO_2$ treatment of the Rubus coreanus could be considered as good methods for inhibiting microbial growth in fresh vegetables and fruit, thereby contributing to quality maintenance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify the impact of early weaning of lambs at approximately seven weeks of age onto a herb-clover mix on the liveweight gain of lambs and their dams. Methods: In 2015, twin-born lambs that weighed a minimum of 16 kg (n = 134) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: i) Early-weaned (58 days after the midpoint of lambing) onto an unrestricted allowance (>1,200 kg dry matter/ha) of herb-clover mix (HerbEW); ii) Lambs+dams unweaned onto an unrestricted allowance of herb-clover mix until conventional weaning (95 days after the midpoint of lambing) (HerbCW); iii) Lambs+dams unweaned onto an unrestricted allowance of grass-clover pasture until conventional weaning (GrassCW). In 2016, twin-born lambs that weighed a minimum of 16 kg (n = 170) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: i), ii), iii) (similar to 2015) and iv) Lambs+dams unweaned onto a restricted allowance (<1,200 kg dry matter/ha) of grass-clover pasture until conventional weaning (93 days after the midpoint of lambing) (Restricted-GrassCW). Results: In 2015, liveweight gain from L58 to L95 of HerbCW and GrassCW lambs did not differ (p>0.05), but were greater than HerbEW lambs. In 2016, HerbCW lambs had greater (p<0.05) liveweight gains from L51 to L93 than GrassCW followed by HerbEW and Restricted-GrassCW lambs. In 2015, liveweight gain from L58 to L95 of HerbEW ewes were greater than both GrassCW and HerbCW ewes while in 2016, liveweight gain of from L51 to L93 GrassCW and HerbCW ewes did not differ (p>0.05) but were greater (p<0.05) than those of HerbEW and Restricted-GrassCW ewes. Conclusion: These results indicate that when grass-clover pasture supply can be maintained at unrestricted intake level, there may be no benefit of weaning lambs early. However, at restricted pasture conditions lambs can achieve greater liveweight gains when weaned early onto a herb-clover mix.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity of liquid beni-koji (LBK), 70% ethanol extracts of beni-koji (EEB) and water extract of Hwangki (WEH). The yields of freeze dried powder of LBK, EEB and WEH were 32.17 g/L, 23.61 g/kg and 196.33 g/kg, respectively. Electron donating ability at 1% (w/v) of LBK, EEB and WEH were 82.67%, 15.71% and 8.60%; reducing power (OD700) were 2.06, 1.64 and 0.45, respectively. SOD-like activities were 24.32%, 11.11%, and 17.94%; nitrite scavenging activities were 74.92%, 72.31% and 31.83%, respectively. TBARS (%) were in order of LBK (69.65%)> EEB (67.32%)> WEH (4.42%). Electron donating ability at 1% (w/v) of EEB : WEH (1:1, w/w. EW), LBK : WEH (1:1, w/w. LW), EEB : LBK: WEH (1:1:1, w/w. ELW) were 14.58%, 60.66% and 20.42%; reducing power ($OD_{700}$) were 1.06, 2.01 and 1.71; SOD-like activities were 18.50%, 26.94% and 18.25%, respectively. While nitrite scavenging activities and TBARS (%) of ELW was higher than those of other materials. Total polyphenol content of LBK, EEB, WEH, EW, LW, ELW were 3.98%, 3.61%, 3.02%, 3.23%, 3.46% and 3.38%; total flavonoid content were 0.89%, 3.91%, 0.30%, 2.59%, 0.46% and 2.33%, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides experimental evidence that mixture of LBK, EEB and WEH could be used as a source of antioxidant ingredients in the food industry.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2012

This study was performed to compared the effectiveness of individual treatments (electrolyzed water: EW, organic acid, and ultrasound) and their combination on reducing foodborne pathogens from perilla leaves. Perilla leaves were innoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus. Inoculated perilla leaves were treated with EW combined with different concentration of acetic acid (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) for 1 min at room temperature. Treatment of 3 pathogens on perilla leaves with electrolyzed water combined with ultrasound (25 kHz) and 0.5% acetic acid was also performed for 1 min. While the numbers of S. Typhimurium and B. cereus showed reduced with increasing acetic acid concentration, there is no difference in the number of S. aureus treated with EW containing 0.5% to 1.5% acetic acid. Discoloration was observed the perilla leaves treated with EW combined with more than 1.0% acetic acid. For all three pathogens, the combined treatment of EW and ultrasound resulted in additional 0.42 to 0.72 $log_{10}$ CFU/g. The maxium reductions of S. Typhimurium and B. cereus were 0.95, 1.23 $log_{10}$ CFU/g after treatment with EW combined with 0.5% acetic acid and ultrasound simultaneously. The results suggest that the treatment of EW combined with 0.5% acetic acid and ultrasound increased pathogens reduction compared to individual treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1296-1303
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• 2014

This study was conducted to develop predictive models for the growth of Bacillus cereus on carrot treated with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAcEW) and ultrasonication (US) at different storage temperatures. In addition, the inactivation of B. cereus by US with SAcEW was investigated. US treatment with a frequency of 40 kHz and an acoustic energy density of 400 W/L at $40^{\circ}C$ for 3 min showed the maximum reduction of 2.87 log CFU/g B. cereus on carrot, while combined treatment of US (400 W/L, $40^{\circ}C$, 3 min) with SAcEW reached to 3.1 log CFU/g reduction. Growth data of B. cereus on carrot treated with SAcEW and US at different temperatures (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and $35^{\circ}C$) were collected and used to develop predictive models. The modified Gompertz model was found to be more suitable to describe the growth data. The specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) obtained from the modified Gompertz model were employed to establish the secondary models. The newly developed secondary models were validated using the root mean square error, bias factor, and accuracy factor. All results of these factors were in the acceptable range of values. After compared SGR and LT of B. cereus on carrot, the results showed that the growth of B. cereus on carrot treated with SAcEW and US was slower than that of single treatment. This result indicates that shelf life of carrot treated with SAcEW and US could be extended. The developed predictive models might also be used to assess the microbiological risk of B. cereus infection in carrot treated with SAcEW and US.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.167-171
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• 2021