• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2015

A 17-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache and decreasing vision of one month's duration, without any history of fever, weight loss, or any evidence of an immuno-compromised state. Her neurological examination was normal, except for papilledema. Laboratory investigations were within normal limits, except for a slightly increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Non-contrast computerized tomography of her head revealed complex mass in left frontal lobe with a concentric, slightly hyperdense, thickened wall, and moderate perilesional edema with mass effect. Differential diagnoses considered in this case were pilocytic astrocytoma, metastasis and abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in 3.0 Tesla (3.0T) scanner revealed a lobulated outline cystic mass in the left frontal lobe with two concentric layers of T2 hypointense wall, with T2 hyperintensity between the concentric ring. Moderate perilesional edema and mass effect were seen. Post gadolinium study showed a markedly enhancing irregular wall with some enhancing nodular solid component. No restricted diffusion was seen in this mass in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed increased lactate and lipid peaks in the central part of this mass, although some areas at the wall and perilesional T2 hyperintensity showed an increased choline peak without significant decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhanced perfusion study showed decrease in relative cerebral blood volume at this region. These features in MRI were suggestive of brain abscess. The patient underwent craniotomy with excision of a grayish nodular lesion. Abundant acid fast bacilli (AFB) in acid fast staining, and epithelioid cell granulomas, caseation necrosis and Langhans giant cells in histopathology, were conclusive of tubercular abscess. Tubercular brain abscess is a rare manifestation that simulates malignancy and cause diagnostic dilemma. MRI along with MRS and magnetic resonance perfusion studies, are powerful tools to differentiate lesions in such equivocal cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of extraction methods on the antioxidant activity of Citrus unshiu pomace. For this purpose, two kinds of citrus pomace (CP)s, whole fruit CP and pulp CP, were used for preparing the extracts with hot water or 70% ethanol. It is well-known fact that whole fruit CP has more calories and carbohydrates, although moisture content is higher in pulp CP. Further, whole fruit CP extracts have higher levels of total phenolic contents compared to CP extracts. In addition, DPPH and alkyl radical scavenging activities were also higher in whole fruit CP, especially in ethanolic extracts. Our results based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer showed that 70% ethanolic extract of whole fruit CP has the maximum levels of nobiletin and tangeretin contents. The levels of naringin, which is known as an antioxidant flavonoid, was determined only in the 70% ethanolic extract of whole fruit CP. This result, however, is consistent with the observed DPPH and alkyl radical scavenging activities. We had also performed a gas chromatography analysis that showed all the four extracts contained the compound hydroxymethyl furfural. Significantly, this compound has been reported to have antioxidant activity. Taken together, findings of this study indicate that ethanolic extraction of whole fruit CP is a good source of antioxidant compounds and hence the same could be utilized as an important method to obtain such beneficial compounds on an industrial scale.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1989

A clinical study was made on 71cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from March, 86 to February, 89. The results were as follows; 1. Among the 315 cases of pneumonia, the incidence of mycoplasmal infection was 22.5%. 2. The peak incidence of age was between 5 to 9years of age(53.5%). 3. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.3:1. 4. Monthly distribution showed relatively high frequency from October to January(59.2%). 5. Most common clinical symptoms were cough(98.6%)and then followed by fever(49.3%), coryza(19.7%). Rales were the most common finding(95.7%) and followed by pharyngeal injection (49.3%) and wheezing(18.3 %). 6. The leukocyte counts in peripheral blood were most common in the range of 5000-10000/$mm^3$(47.9%) and the ESR was increased in 57.7%, and positive CRP cases were 87.3%. 7. The most common radiologic finding of pulmonary infiltration was interstitial infiltration(45.1) and then followed by disseminated lobular(39.4%) and lobar pneumonia(15.5%). 8. There are a few cases associated disease or complication: otitis media (5.6%), hepatitis(4.2%) acute glomerulonephritis. bronchial asthma and sinusitis(2.8%), thrombocytopenia(1.4%).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

Seaweeds are a potential source of minerals, essential amino acids, fatty acids, proteins, and various bioactive compounds such as antioxidants. The higher water content of seaweeds reduces the shelf life and this requires the appropriate drying method. The drying conditions play a major role in the conservation of nutrient composition in dried seaweeds. In recent years, the seaweed industry has used many different drying methods with advantages and limitations. Hybrid hot-water Goodle dryer (HHGD) which is a special dryer mixed with hot-water and a Korean traditional heating system (Goodlejang) might be a solution to avoid these limitations. The present study evaluated the effect of drying conditions in HHGD on nutrient composition and bioactivities of brown seaweeds. Moreover, freeze-dryer (FD) and HHGD were employed in this study to compare the dried outputs obtained from four brown seaweed species. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of the hybrid hot-water Goodle drying method (HHGDM) on the nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of dried seaweeds. AOAC standard methods were used to analyze the proximate composition of dried samples and their 70% ethanol extract. The intracellular and extracellular antioxidant activities were evaluated using Vero cells and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer respectively. High performance liquid chromatography, apoptotic body formation, and in-vivo experiments were used for further confirmation of the quality of dried output. The proximate composition results obtained from drying in HHGD and FD did not exhibit any significant difference. Moreover, the seaweed extracts from the dried seaweeds by HHGD and FD dryings were also not different and both significantly down-regulated in-vivo and in-vitro oxidative stress. Furthermore, the high performance liquid chromatography results revealed that the two dryers did not make the major peaks different in the chromatograms. Freeze-drying method (FDM) provides elevated quality for dried output, but there are limitations such as high cost and low capacity. The results from a novel HHGD did not provide any significant difference with the results in FD and expressed a potential to avoid the limitations in FD. Overall, these findings solidified the applicability of HHGD over FD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.341-348
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• 2021

Serum amylase is a representative enzyme secreted by the salivary gland and pancreas. This study investigates the clinical significance of serum amylase levels in Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Totally, 70 female subjects were enrolled, who were diagnosed as SS and had no accompanying afflictions that affected the serum amylase levels. Unstimulated salivary flow rate (U-SFR) and stimulated SFR (S-SFR), salivary gland scan, and disease activity markers (ESSDAI and ESSPRI), as well as blood tests including ESR, CRP, and amylase, were evaluated. Serum amylase showed significant positive correlation with the U-SFR and S-SFR, and was increased with higher ejection fraction (EF) of the parotid gland. However, there was no significant correlation with disease activity and inflammatory markers. Based on their average amylase levels, subjects were divided into two groups. The group with higher serum amylase levels showed a statistically significant increase in the S-SFR and EF of the parotid gland. Considering the results of the salivary gland scan, we conclude that serum amylase is significantly correlated with SFR and the EF of the parotid gland, thereby indicating that the salivary gland function remains intact in SS.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2022

In December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and spread rapidly around the world, infecting millions of people. Cases of COVID-19 infection were observed to lead to viral pneumonia. Thirty-five patients admitted to the Gyeonggi Medical Center, South Korea, between November 2020 to January 2021, were found to have been infected with the influenza virus A and B, which cause symptoms similar to COVID-19. The records of these patients and those of COVID-19 patients who visited the hospital for medical examination were compared. The study patients included thirty patients with COVID-19 and/or influenza, five of those with influenza alone. A group of 121 patients without infection was used as control. Patients with COVID-19 and influenza had significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase levels than the patients with COVID-19 alone. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was higher in patients with COVID-19 alone than in other groups. Significant clinical outliers were observed in the COVID-19 and influenza infection group compared with the COVID-19 alone group. These results are expected to play an important role in the analysis of the hematological data of infected patients and the comparison of simultaneous and single infection data to determine clinical symptoms and other signs. These results may also assist in the development of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

1. Purpose : The purpose of this study was done to compare the sex, past history, hematologic relationship between the Cerebral infarction patients and the Cerebral hemorrhage patients. 2. Methods : We selected the two study groups. The one is 20 Cerebral infarction patients and the other 20 Cerebral hemorrhage patients with confirmed by Brain CT or MRI. We made an investigation into past history. We examined and made a comparative study of CBC, LFT, Na, K, Cl in the both group. 3. Result & Conclusion : In the Cerebral hemorrhage group, there were many patients with Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus than the Cerebral infarction group. In the Cerebral infarction group, there were many patients with abnormal RBC count with no significant. Also, ESR is higher than the other group. Between the Cerebral infarction and the other group, we discovered significant cases with abnormal triglyceride, ALP in the Cerebral infarction group(p<0.05). Abnormal triglyceride is known one of important risk factor of Cerebral infarction, but this study was significant in the Cerebral hemorrhage group. Also, ALP was significant in the Cerebral hemorrhage group. Therefore more extensive research is needed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.391-399
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• 2007

Three-dimensional approaches for the diagnosis and analysis of the dentofacial area are becoming more popular in accordance with the development of cone-beam CT (CBCT). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the reliability of cephalometric measurements of lateral cephalograms generated from a CBCT image by making comparisons with the traditional digital lateral cephalogram, and to evaluate the possibility of the clinical application of CBCT generated cephalogram images. Methods: Twenty patients whose external auditory meatus could be identified in the CBCT image were selected, and both CBCT and digital cephalograms were taken. Differences between the measurements of both cephalograms were tested by paired t-test. Results: Among the 22 measurements used, only U1-FH, Mx6 to PTV, and maxillomandibular difference showed statistically significant differences between the CBCT generated cephalogram and the digital cephalogram. Conclusions: The results suggest that the CBCT generated cephalogram can be used for some cephalometric measurements not requiring porion, PTV, condylion as a landmark (SNA, SNB, U1 to SN, IMPA, interincisal angle, etc.).

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2001

The transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ ($TGF-{\beta}$) is a multifunctional cytokine modulating the onset and course of autoimmune disease as shown in experimental models. In synovial inflammation, there is a potential role for $TGF-{\beta}$ in repairment, the inhibition of cartilage and bone destruction, and the down-regulation of immune response. The biologic effects of $TGF-{\beta}$ depend on the cell type, the isoform and the availability of active $TGF-{\beta}$. We investigated $TGF-{\beta}$ expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared to those of osteoarthritis (OA). And we determined a correlation between $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$, and also the relationships between each $TGF-{\beta}$ isoform and the parameters for disease activity of RA. Methods: The study population consisted of 20 patients with RA and 20 patients with OA. The commercial ELISA kit was used to study $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels in peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluids (SF). Results: 1) While PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ level was of no difference between RA and OA patient groups, SF $TGF-{\beta}1$ level was higher in RA group than OA group. Similarly, PB $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels of RA and OA groups was not different, but SF $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels was higher in RA group than OA group. 2) In patients with RA, the $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels were higher than $TGF-{\beta}2$ in both the PB and SF, while in patients with OA, there showed higher readings for $TGF-{\beta}1$ than $TGF-{\beta}2$ in SF but no difference between $TGF-{\beta}1$ and $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels in PB. 3) In patients with RA, there were no correlations between PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ and PB $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels, nor between SF $TGF-{\beta}1$ and SF $TGF-{\beta}2$ levels. At the same way, there was no correlation between PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ and SF $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels, nor between each levels of $TGF-{\beta}2$ in patients with RA. 4) There was also no correlation between each $TGF-{\beta}$ isoform and the parameters for disease activity such as ESR, CRP, tender joint count, swollen joint count, rheumatoid factor, and the duration of morning stiffness except between in PB $TGF-{\beta}1$ and disease duration of RA (r=0.637, p<0.01). Conclusion: Each $TGF-{\beta}$ isoforms were higher in synovial fluid of patients with RA than that of patients with OA. The data from the RA patients demonstrated different patterns of expressions of the isoforms depending on which compartment (PB or SF) was investigated. The quantification of different $TGF-{\beta}$ isoform is thought to be important when $TGF-{\beta}$ is measured under disease conditions of RA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2011

Antioxidant activity and protective effects of extracts from Helianthus tuberosus L. leaves (HTL) on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in human liver Chang cells were investigated. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of the water and ethanolic extracts from HTL were 89.6${\pm}$1.96, 94${\pm}$2.03 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, and 65.1${\pm}$2.84, 54.6${\pm}$1.87 mg catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively. In addition, $IC_{50}$ values for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl (DPPH), alkyl, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of the water extracts were 0.010${\pm}$0.003 mg/mL, 0.014${\pm}$0.002 mg/mL, and 0.989${\pm}$0.003 mg/mL, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were also determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and reducing power. The HTL extracts showed a strongly inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation by measuring ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values. In an MTT assay on the Chang cells, the extracts showed a protective effect by increasing cell viability and decreasing ROS on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in Chang cells. These results indicate that the HTL extracts possess an antioxidant activity.