• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.663-670
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• 2018

The present study focused on the production, characterization, and in vitro prebiotic evaluation of an exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Bacillus sonorensis MJM60135 isolated from ganjang (fermented soy sauce). Strain MJM60135 showed the highest production ($8.4{\pm}0.8g/l$) of EPSs compared with other isolates that were screened for EPS production based on ropy culture morphology. Furthermore, MJM60135 was cultured in 5 L of medium and the EPS was extracted by ethanol precipitation. The emulsification activity of the EPS was higher in toluene than in o-xylene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups and glycosidic linkages. The isolated EPS contained mannose and glucose, as observed by thin-layer chromatography analysis of the EPS hydrolysate. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and pathogenic E. coli K99 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were tested for their growth utilizing the EPS from B. sonorensis MJM60135 as the sole carbon source for its possible use as a prebiotic. All the tested LAB exhibited growth in the EPS-supplied medium compared with glucose as carbon source, whereas the pathogenic strains did not grow in the EPS-supplied medium. These findings indicate that the EPS from B. sonorensis MJM60135 has potential application in the bioremediation of hydrocarbons and could also be used as a prebiotic.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.432-437
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• 2017

As 4.0 industry has been developed, research on a self-driving car technology and related parts of an automobile has been highly investigated recently. Particularly, a TAS(Torque Angle Sensor) module on steering wheel system has been considered as a key technology because of its precise angle, torque detection and high speed signal processing. The environmental assessment is generally required on the TAS module to examine high resolution of angle/torque detection. In the case of existing TAS module, angle detection errors has been occurred by back-lash on main and sub gear in addition to complicated structure caused by gears. In this paper, a structure of the TAS module, which minimizes the numbers of components and angle detection errors on the module compared with the existing TAS module, for vehicle steering system based on a Multi-track Encoder has been proposed. Also, angle detection signal processing board, and key technology of the TAS module were fabricated and evaluated. As a result of the experiments, we confirmed an excellent performance of the fabricated signal processing board for angle detection and an applicability of the fabricated angle detection board on the TAS module of vehicles by the environmental assessment an automobile standard.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2007

Four bacteria producing viscous exopolysaccharides (EPSs) were isolated from Korean fermented vegetables (Cucumber kimchi, Young radish kimchi, Green onion kimchi) using a selection medium intended for isolating bacteria with tannin-degrading activity. They were identified phylogenetically by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and found to be very close to Enterobacter cowan ii, Escherichia senegalensis, Enterobacter asburiae, and Enterobacter ludwigii. Strain CK31, the most efficient EPS-producer, produced a heteropolysaccharide with an approximate molecular weight of 420 kDa. The neutral sugar fraction of the EPS was composed of rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, and glucose.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.495-520
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• 2012

A secure Electronic Payment System (EPS) is essential for the booming online shopping market. A successful EPS supports the transfer of electronic money and sensitive information with security, accuracy, and integrity between the seller and buyer over the Internet. SET, CyberCash, Paypal, and iKP are the most popular Credit Card-Based EPSs (CCBEPSs). Some CCBEPSs only use SSL to provide a secure communication channel. Hence, they only prevent "Man in the Middle" fraud but do not protect the sensitive cardholder information such as the credit card number from being passed onto the merchant, who may be unscrupulous. Other CCBEPSs use complex mechanisms such as cryptography, certificate authorities, etc. to fulfill the security schemes. However, factors such as ease of use for the cardholder and the implementation costs for each party are frequently overlooked. In this paper, we propose a Web service based new payment system, based on ANSI X9.59-2006 with extra features added on top of this standard. X9.59 is an Account Based Digital Signature (ABDS) and consumer-oriented payment system. It utilizes the existing financial network and financial messages to complete the payment process. However, there are a number of limitations in this standard. This research provides a solution to solve the limitations of X9.59 by adding a merchant authentication feature during the payment cycle without any addenda records to be added in the existing financial messages. We have conducted performance testing on the proposed system via a comparison with SET and X9.59 using simulation to analyze their levels of performance and security.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1174-1178
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• 2011

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are microbial polysaccharides that are released outside of the bacterial cell wall. There have been few studies on EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria that can enhance macrophage activity and the underlying signaling mechanism for cytokine expression. In the current study, EPS-overproducing Lactobacillus (L.) paracasei KB28 was isolated from kimchi and cultivated in conditioned media containing glucose, sucrose, and lactose. The whole bacterial cells were obtained with their EPS being attached, and the cytokine-inducing activities of these cells were investigated. Gas chromatography analysis showed the presence of glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose in EPS composition. EPS-producing L. paracasei KB28 induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12 in mouse macrophages. This strain also caused the degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and phosphorylation of the major MAPKs: Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. The use of pharmacological inhibitors showed that different signaling pathways were involved in the induction of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 by L. paracasei KB28. Our results provide information for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect of food-derived EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2023

Panax ginseng is one of the most important herbal medicinal plants consumed as health functional food and can be fermented to achieve better efficacy. Lacticaseibacillus, one of the representative genera among lactic acid bacteria (LAB), has also been used as a probiotic material for health functional foods due to its beneficial effects on the human body. To achieve a synergistic effect by using these excellent dietary supplement ingredients together, a novel LAB strain was isolated from the root of 6-year-old ginseng. Through similarity analysis of 16S rRNAs and whole-genome sequences, the strain was confirmed as belonging to the genus Lacticaseibacillus and was named L. casei KGC1201. KGC1201 not only met all safety standards as food, but also showed excellent probiotic properties such as acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and intestinal adhesion. In particular, KGC1201 exhibited superior acid resistance through morphological observation identifying that the cell surface damage of KGC1201 was less than that of the L. casei type strain KCTC3109. Gene expression studies were conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of KGC1201's acid resistance, and the expression of the glycosyltransferase gene was found to be significantly elevated under acidic conditions. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) biosynthesized by glycosyltransferase were also increased in KGC1201 compared to KCTC3109, which may contribute to better protection of KGC1201 cells from strong acidity. Therefore, KGC1201, with its increased acid resistance through molecular mechanisms and excellent probiotic properties, can be used in health functional foods to provide greater benefit to overall human health and well-being.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

A 9-month-old, female Miniature Pinscher(MP) dog weighing 1.97kg was presented because of periodic syncopal episode for 5 months. This case was diagnosed as primary dilated cardiomyopathy based on respiratory distress history, weak femoral pulse, generalized cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, marked dilation of left atrium(LA) and left ventricle(LV), decreased wall thickness of LV and interventricular septum(IVS), increased EPSS in echocardiography, and young age of onset in the absence of other cardiovascular disorders. The patient was stabilized by application of diuretics(Furosemide, 2 mg/kg, SC, q 1 hr) and venodilator(Nitroglycerine patch, 0.5 mg/kg, q 12 hrs). Clinical signs were improved with medical management of positive inotropic vasodilator(Pimobendan, 0.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitor(benazepril, 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs), potassium gluconate gel(2 mEq/dog, PO, q 12 hrs) and, L-carnitine(50 mg/kg, PO, q 12 hrs). The dog still maintains stable clinical status 10 months after the first visit. We report the rare case of DCM in small breed dog, which corresponds to the diagnosis and treatment of typical DCM in large breed dog.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.749-755
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• 2014

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have been widely used in the food industry as viscofying, stabilizing, and emulsifying agents as well as in the pharmaceutical industry for their immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. A total of 458 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from several kinds of soybean pastes were screened for the production of homo-EPS (HoPS). LAB isolates were primarily screened using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and further screened polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting genes involved in HoPS production. Six LAB isolates producing high amounts of HoPS were identified by TLC. Among these isolates, glucansucrase gene was amplified in two strains (JSA57, JSB22), whereas the fructansucrase gene was detected in three strains (JSA57, JSB22, JSB66). After isolating the strains, their morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences were determined. Six species were identified as L. alimentarius HSB15, L. plantarum JSA22, L. pentosus JSA57, L. brevis JSB22, L. alimentarius JSB66, and L. parabrevis JSB89. To evaluate the potential probiotic properties of these LAB, their survival rates against a simulated intestinal environment were determined. After 2 hr of incubation in artificial gastric juice, survival rates of JSA57, JSB90, JSB22, and JSB66 were all greater than 50%. After 2 hr of incubation in bile juice, viable cell count of JSB22 was similar with initial vial cell counts. Growth of the six LAB was screened in arabino-oligosaccharide (AOS)-containing MRS broth. Results showed that growth of the isolates selectively increased after culture in AOS-containing media. Strain JSB22 (6 hr), JSB66 (6 hr), HSB15 (20 hr), and JSA22 (29 hr) showed maximum growth rate. Especially, JSB22 showed the highest growth rate. These results suggest that EPS-producing LAB isolated from Deonjang could be applied as synbiotics.