• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.360-367
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• 2006

In this paper, we designed a digital codec of an RFID tag for EPC global generation 2 class 1. There are a large number of studies on RRD standard and anti-collision algorithm but few studies on the design of digital parts of the RFID tag itself. For this reason, we studied and designed the digital codec hardware for EPC global generation 2 class 1 tag. The purpose of this paper is not to improve former studies but to present the hardware architecture, an estimation of hardware size and power consumption of digital part of the RFID tag. Results are synthesized using Synopsys with a 0.35um standard cell library. The hardware size is estimated to be 111640 equivalent inverters and dynamic power is estimated to be 10.4uW. It can be improved through full-custom design, but we designed using a standard cell library because it is faster and more efficient in the verification and the estimation of the design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.70-72
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• 2005

최근들어 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) 태그가 다수의 상품에 부착되고 절러 분야에 적용되기 시작했지만, 비용문제로 인해 인증이나 암호화 같은 보안기능은 고려하지 않고 있다. 보안 기능이 없는 RFID시스템은 개인정보 노굴, 불법 리더의 접근, 위조 태그의 남용과 같은 심각한 부작용을 초래하지만 현 단계에서는 보안기능을 적용하기가 쉽지않다. 절러 기술을 따르는 수동형 태그중 EPCglobal의 EPC Class 1과 Class 1 Generation 2(C1G2)는 산업계의 여러 분야에서 특히, supply-chain 모델에서 사실상 국제표준으로 여겨진다. EPC Class1 수준의 태그는 자체 밧데리를 가지지 않는 수동형 태그이고, 암호 프리미티브를 적용한 알고리즘이나 프로토콜은 제공하지 않는다. EPC Class1 과 EPC C1G2의 유일한 보안 대책으로는 태그를 영원히 동작하지 못하게 하는 Kill 기능이 있다. Kill을 수행한 태그는 RFID 태그로서의 의미가 사라진다. 본 논문에서는 Kill 기능에 대한 EPC Class1 시스템의 취약성을 보이고 또한, EPC C1G2 시스템에서 Kill 관점에서의 보안성을 분석한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.954-963
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• 2007

As RFID systems are applied to various fields and applications such as supply chain management, asset management, location based applications etc. the requirements becomes diverse. For example, Much higher performance, TCP/IP protocol stack are required in some applications. However, low end processors based systems such as 8051 processor can not meet such requirements due to their low processing capacity and limited size of memory. In this paper a UHF band RFID system which meets the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 specification with ARM920T-based processor is implemented and tested.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1113-1116
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• 2005

최근들어 Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) 태그가 다수의 상품에 부착되고 여러 분야에 적용되기 시작했지만, 편리성이나 비용문제로 인해 인증과 암호화 같은 보안기능은 적용되지 않고있다. 보안 기능이 없는 RFID 시스템은 개인정보 노출, 불법 리더의 접근, 위조 태그의 남용과 같은 심각한 부작용을 초래하지만, 태그 자원의 제약으로 인해 보안기능을 적용하기가 쉽지않다. 현재 여러 기술을 따르는 RFID 시스템 중 EPCglobal 의 EPC Class 1 Generation 2(C1G2) 는 산업계의 여러 분야에서 특히, supply-chain 모델에서 사실상 국제표준으로 여겨진다. 본 논문에서는, RFID 보안 프로토콜 중 EPC C1G2 메커니즘의 Inventory 과정에서 태그가 리더를 인증하는 기법을 제안한다. C1G2 시스템에서는 인증되지 않은 리더의 태그 액세스가 가능한데, 이는 태그의 리더 인증으로서 차단될 수 있다. 또한, EPC C1G2 태그-리더 간의 상호인증 기법을 제안한다. 이 과정에서 태그 ID 는 노출되지 않고 전송되며, 태그 인증을 통해 태그 위변조를 방지할 수도 있다. 제안 메커니즘은 태그를 식별하는 절차에서 인증을 위해 프로토콜 패스 수의 증가가 없다. 다만 리더와 태그에서 Inventory 과정의 ACK command 와 태그의 reply 구현에 약간의 수정을 필요로 한다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.1063-1066
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• 2005

In this paper, we developed the UHF RFID system for EPC Class1 Generation 2 specification. The RFID is a technique of identifying an object using radio frequency transmission. UHF band RFID system communication between Reader and Tag for provide the power to tag when be active when reader’s command finished the transfer. RFID technology can be applied to the supply chain, security, logistics industry and etc. Especially, UHF RFID is worth noticing because of its relatively long identification rage and commercial UHF RFID systems are under development.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.55
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• pp.3-15
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• 2005

본 고에서는 최근 많은 관심을 갖고 있는 900 MHz UHF 대역을 사용하는 RFID시스템의 무선 인터페이스 표준에 대해 살펴본다 900 MHz UHF 대역의 RFID시스템은 유통,물류에 사용될 것으로 기대되기 때문에 국제표준화기구인 ISO와 국제 민간표준화 기구인 EPCglobal에서 무선 인터페이스 표준을 세우고 있다. 특히 2004년부터 이뤄진 EPCglobal의 EPC Class 1 Generation 2표준은 향후 ISO의 900 MHz 대역 RFID 시스템의 새로운 무선 인터페이스 표준으로 정해질 것으로 기대되고 있어 더욱 관심을 모으고 있다. 이에 본 고에서는 900 MHz대역 RFID 무선 인터페이스 표준인 ISO/IEC의 ISO 18000-6과 EPCglobal의 EPC Class 1 Generation 1, Generation 2 를 중심으로 900 MHz대역 RFID 시스템의 무선 인터페이스 표준화 동향을 살펴보았다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

In this paper, Class-1 Air-interface protocols of EPCglobal applied to RFID system in UHF band are analyzed, and the standard anticollision algorithms are realized. Also, the improved anticollision algorithms of the Class-1 Generation-1 and Generation-2 protocol are proposed and the performances of anticollision algorithms are compared. As the results, reduction ratio of total tag recognition time of the improved Generation-1 algorithm is 54.5% for 100 tags and 63.4% for 1000 tags with respect to standard algorithm, respectively. And the reduction ratio of the improved Generation-2 algorithm is 7.9% for 100 tags and 11.7% for 1000 tags. Total recognition times of the improved algorithms are shorter than those of standard algorithms according to increasing the number of tag. Therefore, the improved anticollision algorithm proposed in this paper is the advanced method improving the performance of tag recognition in the RFID system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.501-506
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• 2012

To serve basic data for the design of capacity and management of Distributed(or On-site) Power Generation System using renewable energies, this study measured the electric power consumption(hereafter abbreviated as EPC) of 5 families of fishing village located at island in southeastern area of Korea. The results are as following. The maximum monthly average EPC occurred in December or January. Although the total monthly EPC of H family is 2~3 times more than J family, individual monthly EPC of J family is 10~30 % more than H family. Hourly EPC pattern shows that the maximum EPC occurred between 20~24 o'clock in summer season, but it occurred between 18~24 o'clock in winter season. Compared to summer, the height of fluctuation through a day is small. And the EPC patterns of weekdays and weekend estimated as very similar.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

Power generation construction projects involving large amounts of capital can affect the survival of a company along with huge economic losses in the event of a business failure. In general, private companies are organizations with challenging risk taking tendencies while public companies have a risk averse tendency to avoid risk, so these differences in organizational tendencies make it difficult to respond to risk. In particular, public companies are more likely to fail than private companies because they choose the contradiction of risk picking to enter overseas markets with high uncertainty despite their tendency to risk averse due to the nature of the organization. Therefore, these organizations need risk management techniques that reflect a risk-averse strategy. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the risk management research papers of the existing overseas development EPC business in order to find the risk management techniques related to the organizational tendencies of public companies and proposes "establishing a performance audit system for risk management of the organizational tendencies of public companies" as a way to extract the risk factors through the examples of overseas development projects of public companies and to manage the organizational tendencies of public companies that affect them.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.869-872
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• 2008

This paper presents the VHDL implementation procedure of the passive RFID tag in Ultra High Frequency RFID system. The operation of the tag compatible with the EPCglobal Class1 Generation2(GEN2) protocol is verified by timing simulation after synthesis and implementation on prototyping board. Due to the reading range with relatively large distance, a passive tag needs digital processor which facilitates faster decoding, encoding and state transition for enhancement of the interrogation rate. Also with UART communication, verify a inventory Round in Gen2 Protocol. The verification results with the fastest data rate, 640kbps, and multi tags environment scenario show that the implemented tag spend 1.4ms transmitting the 96bits EPC to reader.