• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 2006

Recent color plans in school buildings are made by experts through public offerings for prizes for designs etc in relatively many cases. But it is necessary to review if such color plans are actually well conform to students' emotions and what trend the color plans made as such have. Therefore, this study examined and analyzed the exterior colors of the school buildings planned by public offerings for prizes for designs and reviewed the result comparing to the color preferences of students that had already been studied to figure out the differences between existing theories and the realities. And it was examined what differences were existing in the trends of color plans and color images examined between each of school levels. The result of the study compared to theories is as follows. First, when the color distributions were reviewed for each school level, it could be confirmed that the overall distributions moved from Y category to B category and whereas warm colors were more widely distributed and the number of colors were greater compared to cold colors in case of elementary schools, the distributions of warm colors gradually decreased as school level moves to high schools. Second, the color use distributions of elementary school students were revealed to be more diversified than middle and high school students and also the number of colors used was 9.5 in average in elementary school and middle schools and high schools were similar to each other with average 5.86 colors in middle schools and 6.33 colors in high schools showing a little differences in color use distributions among school levels of elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Third, in case of elementary schools, except main colors, both of subsidiary colors and emphasizing colors had the distributions of warm colors of R, YR, Y categories and cold colors of B, PB categories and this is also consistent with the results of existing research results indicating that low grade students prefor for warm colors and high grade students prefer for cold colors. Fourth, in case of middle schools and high schools, although the distributions of warm colors decreased, the distributions of warm colors and cold colors were revealed to be similar. This is considered to be consistent with the existing research results indicating that girl students prefer for warm colors even if their ages go up. Fifth, as for the images of main colors, subsidiary colors and emphasizing colors resulted from the comparisons by solid color Image Scales and adjective Image Scales, first, in case of main colors, natural images or clear images appeared the most in all of elementary schools, middle schools and high schools indicating that basically calmness is emphasized with soft images rather than hard images and static images rather than dynamic images. Also, in case of subsidiary colors or emphasizing colors, cheerful images or splendid images are also seen to decrease as school level goes from elementary schools to high schools in adjective Image Scales and this is considered to reflect the color sentiment differences between children and juveniles based on ages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1054-1062
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• 2022

The population of Korea's solar salt-producing regions is rapidly aging, resulting in a decrease in the number of productive workers. In solar salt production, salt collection is the most labor-intensive operation because existing salt collection vehicles require human operators. Therefore, we intend to develop an unmanned solar salt collection vehicle to reduce manpower requirements. The unmanned solar salt collection vehicle is designed to identify the salt collection status and location in the salt plate via color detection, the color detection performance is a crucial consideration. Therefore, an image processing algorithm was developed to improve color detection performance. The algorithm generates an around-view image by using resizing, rotation, and perspective transformation of the input image, set the RoI to transform only the corresponding area to the HSV color model, and detects the color area through an AND operation. The detected color area was expanded and noise removed using morphological operations, and the area of the detection region was calculated using contour and image moment. The calculated area is compared with the set area to determine the location case of the collection vehicle within the salt plate. The performance was evaluated by comparing the calculated area of the final detected color to which the algorithm was applied and the area of the detected color in each step of the algorithm. It was confirmed that the color detection performance is improved by at least 25-99% for salt detection, at least 44-68% for red color, and an average of 7% for blue and an average of 15% for green. The proposed approach is well-suited to the operation of unmanned solar salt collection vehicles.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to apply exercise learning effect to various subjects through training effect and information accumulation based on verification of the effect on dumbbell curl exercises applied with virtual reality. Method: To analyze the effect on the dumbbell curl exercise in the virtual environment, a total of 20 persons with 10 males and 10 females who does not have orthopedics diseases were selected. The dumbbell weight of the subjects was set to a weight of 70% strength of 1RM. At this time, the virtual environment situation was set to four types; presence/absence of virtual environment, preferred colors, and unfavorable colors to perform dumbbell curl exercise. The anaysis of muscle activity was conducted by adhering four surface electrodes (Biceps Brachii, Triceps Brachii, Brachioradialis Muscle, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle) on the right upper limbs. Independent sample t-test using SPSS (24.0) program was carried out to analyze average values and standard deviations for each variable depending on the presence/absence of virtual environments and changes in color (preferred colors, unfavorable colors) and the level of significance was set to a=.05. Results: In the eccentric contraction, males showed high muscle activity in the Biceps Brachii under virtual reality. On the other hand, females had high muscle activity in the Biceps Brachii in the absence of virtual reality. Also, in case of a change of colors in the virtual environment, females had the high muscle activity in the unfavorable color in the eccentric contraction. Conclusion: During the dumbbell curl exercise, results of different exercises present depending on gender. When males put VR on and performs a basic dumbbell curl exercise, the effect of Biceps presents Brachii for them while exercising in unfavorable colors. However, since it is the basic research data of muscle exercise using virtual reality, it is necessary to verify whether or not it is effective for myopachynsis through long-term training rather than unity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.8-17
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• 2012

Unlike traditional lightings, LED lighting is one of objects that sends user an emotional segments through brightness control from various color temperature and dimming control. Also, within present interior lighting environment, emotional researches about traditional fluorescent lamp and newly implemented LED lighting environment are in active progress. Despite the fact adjectives describing emotions and scale modeling have been repeatedly used in many cases for a long time, there seems to be a lack of results in reliability, and there is a limitation for applying into actual lighting design. The purpose of this study is to construct an actual sized test-bed, which is used to draw out one's emotional words of behavior patterns from inner emotional experiences about lighting environment in an office space. Also, having fluorescent lamp and LED lighting as the main test subjects, we have tested emotional parts according to the changes of color temperature and adjective vocabularies chosen from user's action, and we have compared and analyzed the drawn out data. Also, having fluorescent lamp and LED lighting as the main test subjects, we have tested emotional parts according to the changes of color temperature and adjective vocabularies chosen from user's action, and we have compared and analyzed the drawn out data.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

This study aims at suggesting the applicability of color combination based upon the characteristics of environmental color perception and the nuance concept of Natural Color System(NCS). The results are summarized below: First, NCS is a scientific coloring system in consideration of the relevance between people, light and environment, to be based on a phenomenological point of view. NCS can be called a psychometric model reflecting our natural color sense. Second, the color triangle established by NCS is one of the methods of expression based on the human visual mechanism, which is classified by two attributes of hue and nuance, not by the three color attributes of hue, lightness and saturation. The nuance concept of NCS implies the impression, atmosphere and tone that are perceived in colors, which are related to lightness and saturation. Accordingly, this paper suggests that the coloring arrangement emphasizing nuance and tone is more useful than hue in color planning. Third, aesthetic impression in environmental color perception is inclusive of instantly perceptive nuance, which is connected with affordance. The affordance is revealed by the different relation of similarity. In this regard, a strong relationship is noticed between color combination and the sense of pleasantness. The hypothesis regarding the complementation and similarity of contrasting nature is judged to provide observers with aesthetic order. Finally, this paper also suggests four harmonizing methods in the NCS color triangle based upon equal blackness, equal whiteness, equal chromaticness and same nuance. At the same time, opposition and a different concept of hue, lightness and lightness are combined complementarily with the nuance value to suggest patterns of color combination.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.809-816
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• 2014

Ocean Color products have been used to understand marine ecosystem. In high latitude region, ice melting optically influences the ocean color products. In this study, we assessed optical properties in fjord around Svalbard Arctic sea, and estimated distribution of chlorophyll-a and suspended sediment by using high resolution satellite data, Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). To estimate chlorophyll-a and suspended sediment concentrations, various regression models were tested with different band ratio. The regression models were not shown high correlation because of temporal difference between satellite data and in-situ data. However, model-derived distribution of ocean color products from OLI showed a possibility that fjord and coastal areas around Arctic Sea can be monitored with high resolution satellite data. To understand climate change pattern around Arctic Sea, we need to understand ice meting influences on marine ecosystem change. Results of this study will be used to high resolution monitoring of ice melting and its influences on the marine ecosystem change at high latitude. KOPRI (Korea Polar Research Institute) has been operated the Dasan station on Svalbard since 2002, and study was conducted using Arctic station.

• Journal of Korean Living Environment System
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.654-664
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• 2017

The use of environmentally friendly finishing materials allows us to create a space where we can feel nature and to have stability and peace in the city center. In this paper, we examined the sensitivity of people to the three café spaces where wooden finishing materials are used in the space elements that change according to people's demands for environmentally friendly space due to pollution of living environment. First, we examined the wood and finishing materials and emotional vocabulary through literature review and previous research. Second, the values of L ^*, a ^*, b^* and sR, sG and sB values were extracted by using a line spectrophotometer (Ci6X). Third, we conducted a 7 - point scale questionnaire based on the extracted 13 pairs of emotional vocabulary. Using SPSS 21, frequency analysis by descriptive statistics, crossover analysis by visiting purpose and intention, and emotional lexical factor analysis were performed. Through the study, the following points were found. First, CB (The Coffee Bean), SB (Starbucks) and HS (Hollys Coffee) showed differences in CB (65%), SB (40%) and HS (37%) in the spatial analysis. Second, CB gave color similar to the color of wall and furniture wood, but HS changed the color or brightness of wood finishing color of furniture. HS or SB showed favorable use of wood color scheme. Third, SB (26.3%) and HS (19.7%) were selected by taste. Fourth, there were differences in the items of CB, 'local-exotic' and SB 'dark-bright' in the factor value. The use of wood finishing materials differed in the atmosphere evaluation depending on the spatial factors and the color of the furniture. However, in this study, there are many factors that are insufficient in the accuracy of the ratio of the applied wood finishing material to the space element and the amount of the survey. If we further study the evaluation of emotional image according to the ratio of wood finishing materials, we think that it is necessary to study now that interest in environmentally friendly is increasing.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

Since the emissions composition from the household products have potentially been associated with health risks for building occupants, the chemical composition emitted from the products should be surveyed. The current study identified the emission composition for 42 liquid household products, using a purge-and-trap method. This evaluation was done by classifying the household products into five product classes (deodorizers, household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Nineteen compounds were chosen on the basis of selection criteria. The quality control program for purge-and-trap and analytical systems included tests of laboratory blank Tenax traps and blank water samples, and the determination of calibration equation, measurement precision, method detection limit (MDL), and recovery. The number of chemicals varied according to the product categories, ranging from 4 for the product category of bleaches to 12 for the product categories of air fresheners and nail color removers. For all product categories, the emission composition and concentrations varied broadly according to product. It is noteworthy that most household products emit limonene: 19 of 25 cleaning products; 5 of 6 deodorizers; 1 of 3 pesticides; 3 of 3 color removers; and 4 of 5 polishes. It was suggested that the use of household products sold in Korea could elevate the formation of secondary toxic pollutants in indoor environments, by the reaction of limonene with ozone, which entered indoor environments or might be generated by indoor sources such as electronic air cleaning devices and copying machines.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory stimulation for static balance on normal children. Sensory input was consisted of colors, and music tempo stimulation. Methods : Participants were consisted of 20 normal kindergarten children ranging in age from six to seven years. The static balance was tested by a BPM(Balance Performance Monitor). In this study one-way ANOVA was used and the statistical significance level of results was determined at 0.05. Results : 1. According to color stimulation, there was no significant difference in static balance among red, yellow, green(p>0.05). 2. According to music tempo stimulation, there was no significant difference in static balance, among the high music tempo and low music tempo children in a general environment(p>0.05). 3. However, both green color and low music tempo stimulation have a little effect on static balance on normal children. Conclusion : These results indicate the possibility that the application method of green color and low music tempo stimulation may help in the improvement of static balance for the disabled children. This study will be used as the foundational data of therapeutic environment for the disabled children.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.224-232
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• 2017

Building energy saving have been put effort in a long time since buildings consume about 40.6% of total energy use, where heating, cooling and electrical lighting requirement results in energy consumption of building significantly. The window is an important part of building envelope, it usually brings a certain heat load from solar radiation while it allows light passing through, and properly leads to overheating in summer, hence the cooling load increase sand cause of thermal uncomfortable factor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate internal shade performance according to color and materials. There is growing interest in improving the sense of comfort among students who spend most of their time in the classroom. The study examined thermal environment and light environmental performance according to the color and materials of internal blinds to the school classroom. The results of this study were as follows; Among wooden blinds, aluminium blinds, and polyester blinds, the aluminium blinds were most excellent. In addition, among white blinds, light brown blinds, dark brown blinds, the light brown were most excellent.