• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of ME and crude protein (CP) content of diet on the performance and production cost of white semibroiler chickens. Three hundred sixty hatched white semibroiler chickens (Hy-Line $female\;{\times}\;Ross^{(R)}$ male) were assigned to low dietary treatments of different metabolizable energy (ME) value and crude protein (CP) content: T1; ME 3,040 and 3,070 kcal/kg, CP 21.40 and 20.86%, T2; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 20.62 and 19.70%, T3; ME 2,950 and 3,000 kcal/kg, CP 19.90 and 18.70% and T4; ME 2,900 and 2,920 kcal/kg, CP 18.50 and 18.00% for starter diet ($0{\sim}1st$ wk) and power diet ($2{\sim}5th$ wk), respectively There were significant (P<0.01) differences among treatments in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. T1 was significantly higher in weight gain and feed intake and love. in feed conversion ratio than other treatments. Production index of T1 (153.42) was far greater than T2 (112.13), T3 (108.40) and T4 (100.95). It was concluded that semibroilers required similar ME and CP to those of regular commercial broilers (highbro).

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2012

It is not surprising to hear news about irresistible natural disasters all over the world due to climate change. Korean Government has focused on developing a variety of green technologies to reduce green house gasses, in particular, carbon dioxide. This study suggested 18 technology divisions for achieving green highway technology development in six different sub-sectors considering life-cycle of roadway and surveyed 29 highway and/or transportation professionals of three institutes using AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis to construct "Green Highway"and realize carbon emission reductions and energy use efficiency in a road sector in Korea. Expert Choice Software was used to rank 18 technology divisions weighted by two-level choices. Transport Operating Infrastructure Improvement, Roadway Policy Implementation, Green Transportation(such as Pedestrian and Bicycle) were highly ranked by respondents according to results of the AHP modeling. Among the 18 divisions, technology policy for supporting R&D investments from development to commercialization was ranked as the most significant one to be focused. Green Transportation Facility Design/Construction/Operation and Eco-Friendly Roadway Plan were followed as expected since professionals have thought that the planning/design step of the life-cycle is a starting point to reduce carbon dioxide from roads more and more. Additionally, comparing the results with the Government investment trend 2006-2011 for the roads, it can be interpreted that the Government should invest to the R&D area more widely than before to promote element and core technology development for Green Highway Construction. Above all, small and mid-sized businesses have to be invested as well as encouraged to undertake green highwayrelated objects to accomplish the divisions which ranked high.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.217-229
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• 2017

This study focuses on the improvement of the working environment in domestic collieries where temperature is increasing due to heat of the earth that is caused by the long-term mining. In order to improve the working environment of the mine, a ventilation evaluation was carried out for Hwasoon Mining Industry. In order to increase the ventilation efficiency of the mine, numerical analysis of the effect on temperature was carried out by using climsim, a temperature prediction program. The analysis shows that A coal mine needs $6,152m^3/min$ for in-flow ventilation rate but the total input air flowrate is $4,710m^3/min$, $1,442m^3/min$ of in-flow ventilation rate shortage. The 93 m hypothetical ventilation shaft from -395 ML to -488 ML could result about $3^{\circ}C$ temperature drop in the coal mine of -488 ML far. As a result of predicting the $CO_2$ concentration at -523 ML development using artificial neural network, the emission of $CO_2$ increased as the amount of coal and coal bed thickness increased. The factors that have the greatest effect on the amount of $CO_2$ emissions were coal layer thickness and coal mining. And, as the air quantity increases, it has a great effect on the decrease of carbon dioxide concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

Purpose: Europe and U.S use multi-bed therapy rooms. Hereupon, this study aims to examine the safety when current one-bed therapy rooms in Seoul National University Hospital is changed into two-bed ones. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated external exposure by gamma radiation emitted from other patients and internal and external exposure caused by pollutions from other patients in case that Seoul National University Hospital installs a shielding wall between beds in existing therapy rooms. Results: When internal and external exposure was evaluated to evaluate safety of two-bed hospital rooms, 'isolation amount of patients' 5mSv exposure or below is received according to the Atomic Energy Act. Conclusion: With the increasing number of patients with thyoid cancer, patients using therapy rooms are on the rise. Therefore, improving one-person therapy rooms to two-person ones in line with international trend would increase cost reduction and management efficiency, and patients' alienation and isolation can be reduced to increase healing effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.236-241
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• 2005

To investigate the bioactivities of Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantea Mig. Root (SVR), we studied the effect of a SVR methanol extract on the activity of bone metabolism. Spraque-Dawley three-week-old female rats were randomly assigned to groups as follows : non-supplemented rats and supplemented with SVR at 10, 50, 100 mg/kg bw/day. Every week determined weight gain and food intake, urine and blood examination of mineral content of calcium and phosphorus was performed each at experimental periods of 3 and 9 weeks respectively; bone mineral density and bone mineral content were also assayed. There were no significant differences in body weight or feed efficiency ratio levels. However, the biological value of calcium and phosphorus excretion in the group supplemented with SVR extract decreased significantly more than that in the group not supplemented with SVR extract. Also, spine BMD, femur BMC and pelvis BMC per weight were significantly greater on SVR extract supplemented groups than that of the control group. In conclusion, it might be expected that methanol extract of SVR does not impair the growth of rats and may improve bone metabolism in rats.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.82-89
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• 2014

Disasters that destroy homes and infrastructure and cause significant financial damage are becoming more common as population centers grow. In addition, several natural disasters have resulted in a major loss of life and created countless refugees due to damage to housing. After major catastrophic disasters, it is very important that the government agencies respond to post-disaster housing issues and provide resources such as temporary housing before the full rehabilitation and reconstruction of destroyed and damaged housing. To provide affordable temporary housing for residents who may lose their homes as the result of a catastrophic disaster including storms, government agencies must develop a post-disaster housing prototype. In general, government agencies should explore several different forms of factory-built single-story, single family housing, such as modular homes, panelized homes, and precut homes. In urban cities including New York and Seoul, it is very important to provide housing which supports the demand for higher-density living spaces than single-family homes or trailers typically available due to the high population density and the desire to resettle as many residents as possible in their former neighborhoods. This study identified the urban post-disaster housing prototypes that may provide higher density housing with high quality living spaces, high air quality, and energy efficiency as well as rapid deployment. A case study of "Urban Post-Disaster Housing Prototype Program in New York" was conducted through a detailed interview process with a designer, engineer, contractor, the Office of Emergency Management (OEM) in New York, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and temporary occupants. An appropriate disaster housing program that can provide living spaces for victims of disasters that keeps residents in their community and allows them to live and work in their neighborhoods was developed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 1984

Four different silages were prepared out of citrus peel with or without supplementation with wheat bran and/or urea. Proximate nutrients and volatile fatty acids were analysed on the silages, both fresh and dried. All silages were dried and ground, and were compared with dried citrus peel (not ensiled) and wheat bran in a folding trial. A total of 360 male chicks of Maniker broiler strain was divided into and assigned to 6 treatments with 5 replications. Each experimental diet included each of 6 test material at the level of 6% and the feeding trial lasted 8 weeks, after which a metabolism trial was conducted. Results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Ensiling increased protein content of the citrus peel on the dry matter basis and supplementing the silage material with wheat bran and/or urea further increased protein contents of the silages. 2. Adding wheat bran and/or urea to silage material also increased volatile fatty acid contents of the silages. After drying organic acid contents of the silages were reduced and there were no differences in organic acid contents of the dried citrus peel silages, differently treated, 3, Broilers fed dried citrus peel and those fed dried citrus peel silages gained numerically less weight than those fed wheat bran. But there were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency among different treatments 4. There were no significant differences in nutrient utilizability, nitrogen retention and metabnlizable energy contents among treatments. It could be concluded that ensiling is an effective way of storing citrus peel and dried citrus peel silage could be used in broiler diets up to 6% without adverse effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.609-619
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• 2004

An investigation was conducted on the activities around Europe in order to solve the problem of the thermal bridging of steel studs, which had caused a significant disadvantage. This study included the following: diminishing the contact area between the studs and the sheathing, lengthening the heat transfer route, replacing the steel web with a less conductive material, and placing foam insulation in locations where the thermal shorts are most critical. Although energy efficiency is usually the focus of such foreign cases because their stud application is mostly limited to low-rise residential buildings, both structural and thermal performance are taken into consideration in this study because these target middle-story buildings. A hybrid stud composed of steel and polymer was also developed. This hybrid stud, which is 150 SL in size, is made of a galvanized steel sheet (SGC58) and a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) withepoxy bonding. A total of 32 specimens were manufactured. Its parameters comprise two types of connection detail,s: the thickness of steel (1.0mm and 1.2mm) and of the GFRP (4mm-4ply and 6mm-6ply), and the ratio of the length to the depth (L/D = 3, 6, 9, 12). Steel stud specimens with the same conditions were compared to the hybrid stud. The test revealed that in the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.0mm, the maximum load of hybrid studs increased an average of 1.62 times comparedto that of the steel stud. In the case of the steel specimen with a thickness of 1.2mm, on the other hand, the average increase was 1.46times. All specimens showed full composite action until the collapse.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.518-525
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• 2010

Infrared (IR) thermography which is the technique for detecting invisible infrared light emitted by objects due to their surface thermal condition and for producing an image of the light has been applied in various field without damaging the objects. It also could be used indirectly to examine the inside of an object. In this study, insulation property of wooden house in Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) was evaluated with according to "Thermal performance of building - Quantitative detection of thermal irregularities in building envelopes - infrared method (KS F 2829)". This method uses "Temperature Difference Ratio (TDR)" between outdoor wall surface and indoor wall surface of wooden building for evaluating its thermal performance. The thermal performance of a room on the 2nd floor of the wooden house was focused in this study and IR thermography on the indoor and outdoor surface of the house was captured by IR camera. Heat loss from the corner and the window of the wooden house as well as wall of the house was quantitatively evaluated and the invisible heat loss in the wall was detected. It is expected that the results from this study could contribute to improve the wooden building energy efficiency.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.477-486
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• 2014

Integrated sand control including sediment discharge from hinterland rivers is necessary to maintain coastal sand resources over a long term. In this regard, the following subjects should be considered; efficient ways to transfer discharged sand from a river to the neighboring coast, measures to improve storage efficiency of the discharged sand at the river delta and/or river terrace, measures to prevent the sand resources from being discharged into the deep sea during flooding. From the 1997 to January 2004, the jetty of 156 m length was constructed the Heoya-river mouth to protect the blockade of river mouth. Several tests were carried out to investigate the characteristics of sediment transport and morphological change due to the construction of the jetty at the Heoya-river mouth. Firstly, The sand discharge from Heoya river is quantified by one-dimensional numerical analysis assuming the mixed sand of three different particle diameters. Also the numerical mode system, which predicts the sea bed changes obtained from the Bailard's energy model(1981), was combined with the wave, wave-induced currents and sediment transport models. Then, to understand the changes to the blockade of the river mouth, several aerial photographs were compared, which showed that the changes were significant.