• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.121-133
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• 1997

EIA should be regarded as an aid to improve the decision making processes because it seeks public opinion and external knowledge in order to ensure the maximum degree of fairness and balance in the final decision as much as possible. According to the above benefits, various decision making systems containing EIA concepts were developed in the area of ground water, traffic, disaster or accident and environment in Cheju Island. But because the development of various decision making systems can be the cause of new impact, it was studied the cause and impact of their development. The major reasons for developing the various decision making system like EIA are the lack of the consideration for the impact of project when it is selected project fulfilling EIA and the increase of the effort for the improvement in the professional quality for one subject without the comprehensive assessment among the subject related to environmental impacts. And the development of the various decision making systems like EIA has caused the several impacts like cost elavoration, the relay of project period, etc. Therefore, after it is improved the problems of present EIA on the comprehensive assessment, the various decision making systems like EIA should be integrated in EIA decision making system.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.55-58
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• 1993

After establishing the EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment) act in the Federal Republic of Germany there still remain methodical and substantial deficits. So nearly every environmental impact study went to be a matter of experiments. The requirement for standardization of data sampling and evaluation has permanently been increasing. This is meant to ensure quality standards for the assessment of environmental impacts as well as to maintain reliability required by the projecting company. Such a harmonization is of special importance because of the strongly accelerated expansion of traffic infrastructure caused by the reunification of Germany. That is why the guideline "EIA carried out" for the German Railways company is in process of development This guideline, focussing on practical demands, comprises impacts of railways, adequate sets of indicators, feasible tools for the prognosis and evaluation of environmental reactions. "EIA carried out" will be introduced not only as a manual but also through workshops and pilot studies.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 1995

The European Community (EC) began dealing with the subject of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the mid-1970s. After ten years of preparatory work and more than 20 draft versions, the EC Council of Ministers adopted, in 1985, the Directive on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). This directive requires the member states to make EIA mandatory for certain projects. Its Article 3 defines the purpose of the instrument: "The environmental impact assessment will identify, describe and assess the direct and indirect effects of a project. There are no rules on scoping or on post-project analysis. However, member states are free to adopt, in their domestic legislation, more stringent rules regarding the scope and procedure of EIA. Consequently, they have developed national EIA systems which differ considerably from each other. Also, EIA practice in each of these countries is different from that in the others. In 1992, the EC Council adopted the 'Flora, Fauna, Habitat' Directive which lays down an additional EIA requirement. Member states will have to develop a network of 'European' nature conservation areas. Each project or plan possibly endangering these areas will have to be assessed whether it is in line with the protection purposes laid down for them. Although the directive does not say so explicitly, this means that a kind of EIA will have to be carried out for those projects and plans. For several years, the Commission has been developing proposals for a directive on EIA of plans and programmes ("strategic EIA"). This would supplement directive 85/337/EED, and would require and EIA for plans and programmes influencing decisions on specific projects(e.g. agricultural plans or energy programmes). At present, procedural and methodological questions of strategic EIA are being discussed extensively both within and without the European Union.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2006

During the last decade, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been discussed worldwide as being an important tool for the development of healthy public policy. HIA has been advanced as a means of bringing potential health impacts to the attention of policy makers, particularly in sectors where health impacts may not otherwise be considered. HIA, a systematic assessment of potential health impacts of proposed public polices, programs, and projects, offers a means to advance population health by bringing public health research to bear on questions of public policy. In Korea, health-related items under current EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) system can only be found in the categories of hygiene and public health. However, environment and public health are not adequately connected and also health is underestimated even though health is an important objective component for the implementation of Environmental Assessments (EA). As a result, health is not well integrated within criteria for investigating the impacts on environment. This study examines linkages for HIA from the related and relatively well-developed field of Prior Environmental Review System (PERS) which is similar to SEA and EIA in Korea.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.73-86
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• 1995

This paper demonstrates Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has to be applied for development projects with regard to the ecological, economical and social aspects before any decisions made in the project. Korea has confronted various environmental problems during the last fifteen years, even though EIA has been enacted since 1981. The role of impact assessment in planning and policy processes should be emphasized to investigate the magnitude and intensity of the adverse influences of economic development. In the Seoul Metropolitan Region, it is necessary to apply EIA all urban projects to reduce the adverse effects of urbanization. Special attention should be given to the climatological effects throughout the urbanization process in Korea to keep the urban area energy-efficient. This study intends not only to establish basic data for national-and regional-based land-use policy in the environmental aspects, but also to provide the basic data for the possible climate model (scenarios) that may provide spatial and temporal variability by analyzing the actual climatic record. There is a noticeable impact of urbanization on the atmospheric environment in the Seoul Metropolitan Region. In this sense, the climatic aspect must be taken into consideration in the process of EIA to mitigate the well-known climatic alterations of urbanization. Moreover, the techniques of assessment should be improved by developing geo-reference data sets to build models of the global climate in response to the man-made environmental change.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.107-120
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• 2007

The introduction of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has strengthened and extended the value of environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a foundational tool for sustainable development. In particular, SEA helps to overcome the limitation of project EIA as a 'stand alone' approach, applied relatively late in the decision making cycle. SEA is applied to policy, plan and programme (3P) proposals, when major alternatives are open and systematic consideration can be given to their environmental effects. This process also corresponds to options appraisal of development proposal to find the best practical outcome having regard to all potential impacts. There are imperatives for sustainable development (SD) that are shaping future directions for EIA and SEA internationally, regionally and locally. There is a shift toward more integrative approaches of using EIA and SEA as sustainability tools in cooperated environmental management system (EMS). Korea has established and applied EIA for over twenty years for various projects. Given its coverage, the current EIA system is SEA exclusive. The Prior Environmental Review System (PERS), which is a SEA-type of system, was applied in the late 1990s, mainly for various developing planning programs. The current PERS has been modified as a SEA type system, but in general, policy is not going to be covered.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

This study aims to analyze the objectives of environmental education in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) factors used EIA in 'ecology and environment' textbook, and finally to analyze the situation and contents level of EIA domain in textbook to explore the possibility of the positive availability of EIA domain in high school for realization of effective ESD. To analyze the objectives of environmental education in EIA and ESD factors used EIA, researchers used the text, the activity and the teaching tip in three kinds of 'ecology and environment' textbook by the 7th curricula as the object of analysis. Framework to analyze the objectives of environmental education in EIA is the category of environmental education objectives of UNESCO presented according to 'Tbilisi Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education' and framework to analyze ESD factors used EIA is developed on the basis of the theory about EIA and ESD factors updated in this study. In conclusion, it proves that the EIA domain through the activity is effective for realization of ESD. According to the analysis of the study, it is proposed that the follow-up studies on the improvement of EIA domain in textbook in both quality and quantity as well as 'the teaching & learning methods and various development of teaching materials, etc: based on the emphasis on the activity are needed to progress steadily for realization of effective ESD in high school in the future.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1995

Public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process has been implemented since the introduction of EIA project on August 1 1991, followed with Environmental Policy Act promulgation on August 1 1990. Though public participation has room for improvement. This study compared before and after the introduction of public participation on EIS preparation cost, project cost, EIS preparation term and project term through 293 EISs analysis. Also public opinions in EIS after introduction of public participation were analyzed. The results are expected to be contributed to the system improvement of public participation.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1997

Vegetation is an important factor in EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment) and it is assessed according to DGN(Degree of Green Naturality) in EIS(Environmental Impact Statement) preparation. But DGN has room for improvement of assessing vegetation Status. This study introduced NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for improving status assessment method that subjects to DGN. For the application of NDVI, Landsat TM data of Chunchon on May 2, 1989 and June 1, 1994, and data of Ulsan on November 5, 1984, November 2, 1992 and May 9, 1994 were used. It compared NDVI with DGN according to season and location. The correlation coefficient value for the spring image (1994, 0.7, p=0.01) was proved to be higher than that of autumn (1984, 0.5, p=0.01).

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.495-507
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• 2017

1985년에 온천관광지 조성계획이 추진되었으나 2017년 현재까지도 지역간 환경갈등이 지속되고 있는 '문장대 온천 관광지 조성사업' EIA의 사례연구를 통하여 환경소송의 한계와 ADR로서 EIA 제도의 적용가능성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 환경영향의 과학적 사전예측으로 사회갈등 환경갈등을 예방하기 위한 민주적 절차인 EIA 제도를 통하여 지역주민 의견수렴 및 'EIA 협의의견'을 환경 거버넌스 차원에서 의사결정 과정에 반영하면 환경소송의 폐해를 미연에 방지하게 되어 ADR로 기능할 수 있다. 우리나라에서도 EIA 주민참여 범위를 'Aarhus 협약' 수준으로 확대된 공중의견 수렴제도를 점진적으로 도입하여 실질적인 ADR 기능을 강화시킬 수 있다. 막대한 영향을 미치는 개발계획 및 개발사업에 관련된 의사결정 과정에 공청회 등의 거버넌스를 통하여 사회적 형평성 및 환경적 지속가능성을 핵심으로 하는 EIA 제도는 궁극적으로는 우리나라의 지역차원에서 SDG를 구현시킬 수 있는 적합한 ESSD 수단이 될 수 있다.