• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between HNR and NNE, EGG HNR and EGG NNE, which are most closely related to noise of voice. Dr. Speech was utilized to obtain acoustic measurements and physiologic measurements, simultaneously. In addition, no normative data of HNR, NNE, EGG HNR, EGG NNE are available in Korean subjects at present. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find the correlation between HNR and NNE, EGG HNR and EGG NNE. The results of the study were as follows: First, there was no correlation between HNR and NNE. Second, there was a negative correlation between EGG HNR and EGG NNE. Finally, the mean value of HNR of normal Korean adults was $28.8\pm2.7$ dB, that of NNE -$11.7\pm3.9$ dB, that of EGG HNR $32.9\pm4.6$ dB, and that of EGG NNE $-30.3\pm4.6$ dB.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.13.1-13.7
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• 2020

We examined the morphology of fertilized egg and ultrastructures of fertilized egg envelopes of Ancistrus cirrhosus belong to Loricariidae using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs formed a mass on the spawning place and were yellowish, spherical, non-transparent, demersal, adhesive, and a narrow perivitelline space. But, the adhesiveness of fertilized eggs was disappeared after spawning excluding contact parts. The micropyle with funnel shape was surrounded by 15-19 furrow lines of egg envelope in a spoke-like pattern. The outer surface of egg envelope has smooth side and inner surface of egg envelope was rough with grooves. Also, the total thickness of the fertilized egg envelope was about 32.58 ± 0.85 ㎛ (n = 20), and the fertilized egg envelope consisted of three layers, an outer adhesive electron-dense layer, a middle layer with low electron density and an inner electron-dense layer with grooves in counter structure from other most teleost. Collectively, these morphological characteristics and adhesive property of fertilized egg, and ultrastructures of micropyle, outer surface, and section of fertilized egg envelope are showed species specificity.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 1995

The present study was conducted to estimate production performances, heritabilities, and genetic and phenotypic correlations on several economic traits in Korean native chicken. Data analyzed were the records of 1,096 pullets produced from 180 dams and 26 sires of Korean native chicken from April 19,1994 to February 26, 1995. Results obtained are surnmarized as follows: 1. The body weights(X${\pm}$SD) at 2, 8, 14 and 20 weeks of age were 114${\pm}$13, 690${\pm}$114, 1,163${\pm}$238, and 1,687${\pm}$349g, respectively. The age at first egg was 165.95${\pm}$14.54 days, and the number of eggs produced by 300 days of age were 70.78i23.47. The egg weights of the first egg and at 300 days of age were 37.88${\pm}$3.73 and 50.97${\pm}$3.69 g, respectively. 2. The heritability estimates of body weight based on the variance of sires, dams and combined components were 0.149, 0.298, and 0.224 at 8 weeks of age: 0.162, 0.220, and 0.192 at 20 weeks of age, respectively. 3. The heritability estimates of egg production traits based on the variance of sires, dams, and combined components were 0.232, 0.504, and 0.368 for age at first egg; 0.113, 0.172, and 0.143 for number of egg production by 300 days of age: 0.174, 0.352, and 0.236 for egg weight at 300 days of age, respectively. 4. The genetic correlation coefficients of some economic traits were as follows: between body weight and age at first egg, -0.354~-0.048; between body weight and number of egg production, -0.279~ -0.002; between body weight and egg weight, 0.338~0.977; between age at first egg and number of egg production, -0.791; between age at first egg and egg weight, 0.009~0.178; between number of egg production and egg weight, -0.572~ -0.256, respectively. 5. The phenotypic correlation coefficients of some economic traits were as follows: between body weight and age at first egg, -0.179~-0.006 between body weight and number of egg production, -0.045~0.074: between body weight and egg weight, 0.229~0.404: between age at first egg and number of egg production, -0.588: between age at first egg and egg weight, -0.029~0.597: between number of egg production and egg weight, -0.376~0. 019, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 1980

This study was carried out to investigate the variations in the thickness of egg shell and egg shell membrane of Quail eggs from July 25, 1978 to September 7, 1978. No. of eggs used in this experiment was 520 okay and all the eggs were purchased from a farm located in Jinju city. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Egg shells of quail were classified as white egg shell with large spots, egg shell with large spots, violet egg shell with small spots and beige egg shell with small spots by the exterior shell colour and their average egg weights were 8.993g, 8.866g, 8.403g and 8.109g, respectively. 2. Average egg shell thickness of white egg shell with large spots, egg. shell with large spots, violet egg shell with small spots and beige on shell with small spots were 0.171mm, 0.169mm, 0.160mm, and 0.156mm, respectively. 3. Average eggs shell membrane of white egg shell with large spots, egg shell with large spots, violet egg shell with small spots and beige egg shell with small spots were 0.0449mm, 0.0431mm, 0.0398mm, and 0.0397mm, respectively. 4. Negative correlation coefficient was found between egg shell thickness ana egg shell membrane thickness, but it was not significant. 5. Comparing quail egg with fowl egg, the thickness of quail egg shell was much thinner than that of fowl egg, but egg shell membrane thickness was similar between the two.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.835-840
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• 2005

The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) on egg laying performance and cholesterol content of egg yolk. Feed intake, egg production and egg weight varied slightly, but not significantly, between hens fed either a control diet or a diet containing one of an increasing series of $\beta$-CD concentrations (2%, 4% or 6%). However, feed intake, egg production and egg weight were all lower in the hens fed on 8% $\beta$-CD (p<0.05). No difference in haugh unit values, egg yolk color and egg shell thickness were found between the different treatments. The cholesterol content of egg yolks (mg/g yolk) was significantly decreased by 0.71, 2.98, 4.00 and 4.24 mg in eggs from hens maintained on 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% $\beta$-CD, respectively (p<0.05). These observations indicate that appropriate supplementation of diets with $\beta$-CD can reduce the cholesterol content of eggyolks, thus raising the prospect of the production of a healthier functional food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.538-543
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to measure the effects of olive leaf powder on performance, egg yield, egg quality and yolk cholesterol level of laying hens. A total of 120 Lohmann Brown laying hens of 22 weeks old were used in this experiment. The birds were fed on standard layer diets containing 0, 1%, 2%, or 3% olive leaf powder for 8 weeks. Egg weight and yield were recorded daily; feed intake weekly; egg quality and cholesterol content at the end of the trial. Olive leaf powder had no effect on feed intake, egg weight, egg yield and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05) while olive leaf powder increased final body weight of hens (p<0.05). Dietary olive leaf powder increased yellowness in yolk color (p<0.01) without affecting other quality parameters. Yolk cholesterol content was tended to decrease about 10% (p>0.05). To conclude, olive leaf powder can be used for reducing egg yolk cholesterol content and egg yolk coloring agent in layer diets.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.672-677
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to develop sample preparation method and evaluate the exact cholesterol content in egg and egg powder purchased from Korean markets, and to determine whether significant differences exist among various egg products, since a variety of products are available in Korean markets and there are no recent databases for cholesterol. To evaluate the cholesterol content in chicken egg sold in Korean local market, a simple method using non-heated saponification to determine cholesterol for emulsified foods was applied. The results of recovery for egg and egg powder were in a range of 92.4-105.0%, with a relative standard deviation between 1.1% and 2.8% by using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Therefore, the total cholesterol content in whole egg was estimated between 160.8 and 226.3 mg/egg (AV(average) $186.8{\pm}3.5$), which is similar or lower than previously reported levels. The value for cholesterol in egg powder was estimated between 2.94 and 3.49 mg/g (AV $3.23{\pm}0.15$). We suggested method that can be applicable to chicken egg and egg powder matrix as providing rapid and accurate determination of cholesterol in egg and egg powder. This information will be helpful for processed food producers for deciding food labels of cholesterol content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1611-1616
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sodium nitrate consumption on egg quality and quantity, and some blood parameters of native breeder hens of West Azerbaijan province. One hundred native hens were used from wk 25 to 32 of age. These birds were divided into two groups. One group was fed the control diet (CD) but the other fed the same diet supplemented with 4.2 g/kg sodium nitrate (ND). After 2 wks of adaptation, eggs were collected daily and egg mass and egg production were measured weekly for five weeks. To assess the egg quality parameters, two eggs from each replicate pen were collected for three consecutive days each week. At the end of experimental period (wk 32 of age), blood samples of 5 birds per replicate were collected from the wing vein into anticoagulant tubes. Dietary sodium nitrate didn't affect the egg production, shell stiffness, shell thickness and Haugh unit (p>0.05) but it decreased the both egg production and egg mass during the last three weeks (wks 30, 31 and 32) (p<0.05). Furthermore, a treatment effect was observed for yolk colour (p<0.05). Both the egg production and egg mass were increased over time (p<0.05). No significant treatment${\times}$time interaction was observed for egg weight, egg production and egg mass (p>0.05). No effect of time or treatment${\times}$time were observed for shell stiffness (p>0.05). Over time, shell thickness was decreased while Haugh unit increased (p<0.05). None of the blood TP and TG or the activity of ALT, AST and LDH enzymes were affected by dietary consumption of sodium nitrate at wk 32 of age (p>0.05). Sodium nitrite decreased both the TAC and TC at wk 32 of age (p<0.001). It was concluded that the lower body antioxidant capacity of nitrate fed birds resulted in the lower performance (egg weight, egg production and egg mass).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.52
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• pp.6.1-6.5
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• 2022

We examined the morphology of the fertilized egg and the fine structure of fertilized egg envelopes of Poropanchax normani belonging to the family Poeciliidae, also known as Norman's lampeye using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs with narrow perivitelline space were found to be spherical and demersal, additionally containing small oil droplets in the vitelline membrane. Further, a bundle of adhesive filaments was observed to be present on one side of the fertilized egg. These filaments possessed remarkably high elasticity and were approximately 1-3mm in length. The size of the fertilized egg was determined to be about 1.49 ± 0.07mm (n=30). The outer surface appeared smooth, and adhesive filaments originating at different location of the surface of the envelope were found to be distributed around the egg envelope and were joined together to form a single long bundle in scanning electron microscopic observation. A peak-like structure formed of several straight wrinkles was observed around the micropyle. However, the complete structure of the micropyle could not be studied due to the depth at which it was located. Additionally, the total thickness of the egg envelope was ascertained to be approximately12.5-14.5㎛. The egg envelope consisted of two distinct layers, an outer electron dense layer and an inner lamellar layer, further consisting of 10 sublayers of varying thicknesses. Collectively, it was observed that the morphological characteristics of the fertilized egg, fine structures surrounding the micropyle, outer surface, adhesive structure consisting adhesive filaments, and sections of fertilized egg envelope displayed species specificity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.158-163
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• 2004

We investigated the usefulness of 2-alkylcyclobutanones as markers for irradiated eggs and egg products by comparing 2-alkylcyclobutanone concentrations in irradiated raw egg yolk, boiled egg yolk, and egg yolk powder. One method of detection radiation-induced 2-alkylcyclobutanones involves extraction fat from irradiated egg samples separating 2-alkylcyclobutanones by florisil column chromatography, and identifying GC/MS. 2-(5'-Tetradecenyl)cyclobutanone of 2-alkylcyclobutanones was high relatively in boiled egg yolk, but 2-dodecylcyclobutanone was high in raw egg yolk and egg yolk Powder. Concentrations of the radiation-induced 2-alkylcyclobutanones increased linearly with the irradiation dose. The radiation-induced 2-alkylcyclobutanones from egg samples at 0.5 kGy over and not detected at the non-irradiated samples. Therefore, these compounds could be used as marker of Post-irradiation for egg Products.