• 경영과학
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2010

Previous studies have shown that country image affects consumers' valuation of products. Based on a literature review this paper identifies five dimensions (economic, political, relational, people and cultural image) and purifies them with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The data was gathered by using a structured questionnaire from 252 Korean consumers. Among the five dimensions of country image, this paper derives the three factors of country image for four countries (The United States, Japan, Australia, and China) - economic, relational, and cultural image. Then it examines the impacts of the three dimensions of country image on consumers' purchase intention of two industry types : industrial products vs. agricultural products. The result shows there is no difference between both of the two types in the impacts of country image on purchase intention. This implies that for managing the country image it not necessary to develop a communication strategy which is differentiated by industry types.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.279-293
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Korean nursing work environment scale for critical care nurses (KNWES-CCN) and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: A total of 46 preliminary items were selected using content validity analysis of experts on 64 candidate items derived through literature reviews and in-depth interviews with critical care nurses. 535 critical care nurses from 21 hospitals responded to the preliminary questionnaire from February to March 2021. The collected data were analysed using construct, convergent and discriminant validities, and internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The 23 items in 4 factors accounted for 55.6% of the total variance were identified through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). EFA was performed with maximum likelihood method including direct oblimin method. In the confirmatory factor analysis, KNWES-CCN consisted of 21 items in 4 factors by deleting the items that were not meet the condition that the factor loading over .50 or the squared multiple correlation over .30. This model was considered to be suitable because it satisfied the fit index and acceptable criteria of the model [𝒳²=440.47 (p<.001), CMIN/DF=2.41, GFI=.86, SRMR=.06, RMSEA=.07, TLI=.90, CFI=.91]. The item total correlation values ranged form .32 to .73 and its internal consistency was Cronbach's α=.92. The reliability of the test-retest correlation coefficient was .72 and the intra-class correlation coefficient was .83. Conclusion: The KNWES-CCN showed good validity and reliability. Therefore, it is expected that the use of this scale would measure and improve nursing work environment for critical care nurses in Korea.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

Purpose: The Perinatal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was designed to measure post-traumatic symptoms related to childbirth and symptoms during postnatal period. The purpose of this study was to develop a translated Korean version of the PPQ and to evaluate reliability and validity of the Korean PPQ. Methods: Participants were 196 mothers at one to 18 months after giving childbirth and data were collected through e-mails. The PPQ was translated into Korean using translation guideline from World Health Organization. For this study Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the PPQ. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and known-group validity were conducted to examine construct validity. Correlations of the PPQ with Impact of Event Scale (IES), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to test a criterion validity of the PPQ. Results: Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown split-half correlation coefficient were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. EFA identified a 3-factor solution including arousal, avoidance, and intrusion factors and CFA revealed the strongest support for the 3-factor model. The correlations of the PPQ with IES, BDI-II, and BAI were .99, .60, and .72, respectively, pointing to criterion validity of a high level. Conclusion: The Korean version PPQ is a useful tool for screening and assessing mothers' experiencing emotional distress related to child birth and during the postnatal period. The PPQ also reflects Post Traumatic Stress Disorder's diagnostic standards well.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2024

Objectives: This study validated the Vietnamese version of the Disaster Adaptation and Resilience Scale (DARS) for use in vulnerable communities in Vietnam. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 595 adults from 2 identified communities. The original DARS assessment tool was translated, and the validity and reliability of the Vietnamese version of DARS (V-DARS) were assessed. The internal consistency of the overall scale and its subscales was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega reliability coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to evaluate its construct validity, building upon the factor structure identified in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Construct validity was assessed based on convergent and discriminant validity. Results: Following the established criteria for EFA, 8 items were removed, resulting in a refined V-DARS structure comprising 35 items distributed across 5 distinct factors. Both alpha and omega reliability coefficients indicated strong internal consistency for the overall scale (α=0.963, ω=0.963) and for each of the 5 sub-scales (all>0.80). The CFA model also retained the 5-factor structure with 35 items. The model fit indices showed acceptable values (RMSEA: 0.072; CFI: 0.912; TLI: 0.904; chi-square test: <0.01). Additionally, the convergent and discriminant validity of the V-DARS were deemed appropriate and satisfactory for explaining the measurement structure. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the V-DARS is a valid and reliable scale for use within vulnerable communities in Vietnam to assess adaptive responses to natural disasters. It may also be considered for use in other populations.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.33-57
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• 2011

본 연구는 이차적 외상스트레스척도(STSS)를 한국의 외상관련 원조실무자를 대상으로 적용하고 심리측정적 속성을 평가하여 한국형 이차적 외상스트레스척도(K-STSS)를 실증적으로 검증하는데 목적을 두었으며, 이를 위해 문항분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 수렴 및 개념구성 타당도 분석이 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 총 17문항 중 4문항을 제외한 13문항으로 구성된 두 가지 차원의 한국형 이차적 외상스트레스척도(K-STSS)가 수정 제시되었다. 제시된 척도에서 신뢰도상의 문제는 없는 것으로 나타났고, 우울, 불안척도와의 상관관계를 통해 수렴타당도가 성립되었다. 소진척도와의 상관관계 수준이 매우 높아 개념 구성타당도 성립에는 한계가 있었다. 이외 조사대상자의 특성(연령, 성별, 개인외상경험 여부)에 따른 차이를 보여줌으로써 한국형 이차적 외상스트레스척도(K-STSS)가 척도로서의 변별력을 갖춘 것으로 확인되었다.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

One of the challenges that online learners face is feeling of isolation and diminishing desire of maintaining active participation during e-learning. Social presence, that is considered to be a vital factor in e-learning, is recently started to receive a support from the field. Although research indicated a significant role of social presence in both learning process and learning outcome, there is no widely accepted measurement scale of social presence. This study, therefore, developed a new scale to measure social presence based on the existing theories and validated it against 723 participants. Nineteen self-report items with three dimensions, co-presence, influence, and cohesiveness, were identified and validated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a preliminary and a follow-up study.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

Purpose: This study explores the effect of employee's growth needs strength on counterproductive work behaviors. Perceived job insecurity was also examined as a moderating variable on the relationship between the two variables. Research Design, data and methodology: This study collected 108 data samples from working individuals from South Korea. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the hierarchical regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0. Results: Our research results indicated that employee's growth needs strength has a negative effect on counterproductive work behaviors. Perceived job insecurity moderates the relationship between the two variables. Conclusions: Organizations should focus on creating growth opportunities for employees, since facilitating employee's growth need strength will counteract the desire to engage in behaviors that can be detrimental to the organization. and its members.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.845-853
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• 2021

The stock market shows the current health of an economy, and investment performance represents it. This study aims to clarify the relationship between financial behavior and investment decisions as well as its impact on investment results. Determine the influence of behavioral factors on individual investors' investment decisions and investment performance on the Vietnam stock market. The study surveyed 250 investors. The main analytical methods used are Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Research results show that Heuristic, Prospect, Market, and Herding directly and positively affect investment decision-making. Besides, the above factors have a direct and positive effect on investment performance. In particular, the Prospect factor has the strongest influence on investment decision-making and investment performance. The major findings of this study suggested that the important role of Heuristic, Prospect, Market, and Herding on Investment Decision-making and Investment Performance. Prospect had the strongest impact on Investment decision-making (β = 0.275). Heuristic had the second strongest impact (β = 0.257), then Herding (β = 0.202), and finally Market (β = 0.189) had the weakest effect. Regarding Investment Performance, the Prospect factor has a higher degree of impact than Heuristic Herding and Market.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.183-187
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• 2015

The Risk Management (RM) is applied for managing uncertainty of project. In this circumstance, the competences of RM have a direct effect on the performance of its application. Especially, as the RM, one of the project management areas, is a peopleoriented management field, the individual behavioral competences are significant for a risk manager. Therefore, this paper describes the development of individual behavioral competences for construction project risk manager. For this, the research classifies the individual behavioral competences of RM. And, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) are applied to verify a validity of the competences. Likewise, a reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha values is performed to test internal consistency. Based on the results, the authors carry out the Focus Group Interview (FGI) on expert panels of construction RM to confirm the hierarchical model of the individual behavioral competences. It is concluded that the proposed hierarchical model of individual behavioral competences helps construction companies to diagnose the competences of their project risk manager for progressing.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2019

This research proposes a model of SERVQUAL scale calibration and uses the SERVPERF model to study the relationship between quality of ATM service and customer satisfaction. The research uses the combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology with the Cronbach's alpha reliability analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method; Confirmation Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SPSS and AMOS 20.0 data analysis software. The survey was conducted with 800 questionnaires with the convenient sampling method. The number of remaining sample for analysis was 779 responses of individual customers using ATM card services of Bank for Foreign Trade of Vietnam (Vietcombank) Vinh Long. The results show that the satisfaction of customers using ATM cards of Vietcombank Vinh Long is influenced by 4 factors with the order of importance as follows: (1) Price; (2) Network; (3) Reliability; (4) Empathy. Thereby, the author suggests some managerial implications to Vietcombank Vinh Long management to enhance the ATM service quality, then improve customer satisfaction. This research still has some limitations: (1) The study does not investigate other influencing factors, (2) The convenient sampling method has not been generalized well, (3) The research is only conducted for Vietcombank.