Educational Technology International
- Volume 9 Issue 2
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- Pages.1-15
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- 2008
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- 1598-5776(pISSN)
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- 2289-0300(eISSN)
DOI QR Code
Developing a Social Presence Scale for Measuring Students' Involvement during e-Learning Process
- KANG, Myunghee (Ewha Womans University) ;
- CHOI, Hyungshin (Ewha Womans University)
- Published : 2008.10.30
Abstract
One of the challenges that online learners face is feeling of isolation and diminishing desire of maintaining active participation during e-learning. Social presence, that is considered to be a vital factor in e-learning, is recently started to receive a support from the field. Although research indicated a significant role of social presence in both learning process and learning outcome, there is no widely accepted measurement scale of social presence. This study, therefore, developed a new scale to measure social presence based on the existing theories and validated it against 723 participants. Nineteen self-report items with three dimensions, co-presence, influence, and cohesiveness, were identified and validated using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a preliminary and a follow-up study.