• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.992-994
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• 2014

Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the theta band (4-8Hz), is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing ERSP results. Thirty healthy college students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS affective sounds. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, happy, neutral and fear. ERSP image results revealed that there are the stronger responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left prefrontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most response differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.451-456
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• 2014

The correlations between electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power and emotional responses during affective sound clip listening are important parameters. Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by power value, is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing Event-related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) results. Thirty healthy college male students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS(International Affective Digital Sounds) clips. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, high pleasure-high arousal (happy), middle pleasure-low arousal (neutral) and low pleasure-high arousal (fear). The analysis of the data was performed in both theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (8-13Hz) bands. ERSP maps in the alpha band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high pleasure (happy) in the right frontal lobe, while the stronger power responses of middle-low pleasure (neutral and fear) in the left frontal lobe. Moreover, ERSP maps in the theta band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left pre-frontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta. And there are the strongest responses of happy sounds in the alpha band around the whole frontal regions. These results are well suited for emotion recognition, and provide the evidences that theta and alpha powers may have the more important role in the emotion processing than previously believed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality bowling on emotional changes using EEG (Electroencephalogram). Sixteen bowling players who have at least three years of experiences in bowling participated in this study. Their aged ranged from 26 to 35 years old with a mean age of 29.6 years. The frontal lobes (Fp2-Fp1, F4-F3, F8-F7) of each player were measured while subjects were performing five games of bowling. And after performing every frame, their emotion was measured immediately with Visual Analogue Scale. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance to test differences in the alpha value of each region of the frontal lobes. The dependent variable is the alpha power of the cerebral asymmetry. The results showed that players who scored a strike showed higher VAS values than those who missed the spares or cleared the spares; those who cleared spares showed higher VAS values than those who missed spares In addition, with respect to frontal R-L asymmetry score, the alpha-wave of the left frontal lobe was activated when scoring a strike and clearing spares and the alpha-wave of the right frontal lobe was activated when missing spares. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated that success or achievement in competition gives rise to positive emotions and vice versa. This study neurophysiologically proved that performance outcomes during a competition directly influence players' emotion and brain waves.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.501-509
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to review the effects of the physical fatigue induced by overtraining on cognitive information processing and emotional change of athletes by neurophysiologic study. And to provide basic data for the athletes and coaches in the sports field to improve understanding of the overtraining symptoms from the brain physiological point of view. We reviewed the domestic and international academic materials and research reports published in the last 20 years using electronic databases and examined the literature that is consistent with the purpose of this study among the retrieved documents. Based on the reviewed literature, we examined the cognitive information processing and emotional change of the athlete according to the training, and overtraining can accumulate the fatigue of the body, which can cause severe side effects in terms of cognitive ability and emotional ability of athletes as well as deterioration of performance. The study using P300 and EEG cerebral hemispheric asymmetry difference indices also confirmed the possibility of a new approach to understand psychological and physiological effects of overtraining on information processing and emotional changes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.275-290
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• 2019

The present study aimed to develop a sports psychological skill training program and to test its applicability to improve the performance of national wheelchair curling players. A total of 4 participants completed the study. Subjects have been to 12 sessions of 6 different psychological skills training programs (routine training, attentional focus training, writing practice training in diary, relation training, self-control training, and positive self-talk training). The effectiveness of psychological skills training has been evaluated with 6 questionnaires and EEG measurement. The result was that psychological skills training had improved coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, and concentration, self-management and reduced anxiety of Korean national wheelchair curling player. The result was that the EEG inter-hemispheric asymmetry index showed negative emotional states before psychological skill training but positive emotional states after. The result implies that psychological skill training plays an important mediating role in bringing about positive effects in the psychological elements and competitiveness in national wheelchair curling players.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2012

Classification of human thought is an emerging research field that may allow us to understand human brain functions and further develop advanced brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. In the present study, we introduce a new approach to classify various mental states from noninvasive electrophysiological recordings of human brain activity. We utilized the full spatial and spectral information contained in the electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded while a subject is performing a specific mental task. For this, the EEG data were converted into a 2D spatiospectral pattern map, of which each element was filled with 1, 0, and -1 reflecting the degrees of event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD). We evaluated the similarity between a current (input) 2D pattern map and the template pattern maps (database), by taking the inner-product of pattern matrices. Then, the current 2D pattern map was assigned to a class that demonstrated the highest similarity value. For the verification of our approach, eight participants took part in the present study; their EEG data were recorded while they performed four different cognitive imagery tasks. Consistent ERS/ERD patterns were observed more frequently between trials in the same class than those in different classes, indicating that these spatiospectral pattern maps could be used to classify different mental states. The classification accuracy was evaluated for each participant from both the proposed approach and a conventional mental state classification method based on the inter-hemispheric spectral power asymmetry, using the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). An average accuracy of 68.13% (${\pm}9.64%$) was attained for the proposed method; whereas an average accuracy of 57% (${\pm}5.68%$) was attained for the conventional method (significance was assessed by the one-tail paired $t$-test, $p$ < 0.01), showing that the proposed simple classification approach might be one of the promising methods in discriminating various mental states.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

Objectives: Brain maturation involves brain lateralization and asymmetry to achieve efficient information processing and cognitive controls. This study elucidates normal brain maturation change during the gap between ages 6-9 and age 14-17 using resting EEG. Methods: An EEG dataset was acquired from open source MIPDB (Multimodal Resource for Studying Information Processing in the Developing Brain). Ages 6-9 (n = 24) and ages 14-17 (n = 26) were selected for analysis, and subjects with psychiatric illness or EEG with severe noise were excluded. Finally, ages 6-9 (n = 14) and ages 14-17 (n = 11) were subjected to EEG analysis using EEGlab. A 120-sec length of resting EEG when eyes were closed was secured for analysis. Brain topography was compartmentalized into nine regions, best fitted with brain anatomical structure. Results: Absolute power of the delta band and theta band in ages 6-9 was greater than that of ages 14-17 in the whole brain, and, also is relative power of delta band in frontal compartment, which is same line with previous studies. The relative power of the beta band of ages 14-17 was greater than that of ages 6-9 in the whole brain. In asymmetry evaluation, relative power of the theta band in ages 14-17 showed greater power in the left than right frontal compartment; the opposite finding was noted in the parietal compartment. For the alpha band, a strong relative power distribution in the left parietal compartment was observed in ages 14-17. Absolute and relative power of the alpha band is distributed with hemispheric left lateralization in ages 14-17. Conclusion: During the gap period between ages 6-9 and ages 14-17, brain work becomes more complicated and sophisticated, and alpha band and beta band plays important roles in brain maturation in typically developing children.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-128
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• 2001

Objectives: In narcoleptic patients diagnosed with ICSD (international classification of sleep disorders, 1990) criteria, nocturnal polysomnography, and MSLT (multiple sleep latency test), we tried to find characteristic features of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) in a wakeful state. Methods: We compared eight drug-free narcoleptic patients with sex- and age-matched normal controls, using computerized electroencephalographic mapping technique and spectral analysis. Absolute power, relative power, interhemispheric asymmetry, interhemispheric and intrahemispheric coherence, and mean frequency in each frequency band (delta, theta, alpha and beta) were measured and analyzed. Results: Compared with normal controls, narcoleptic patients showed decrease in monopolar interhemispheric coherence of alpha frequency bands in occipital ($O_1/O_2$), parietal ($P_3/P_4$), and temporal ($T_5/T_6$) areas and beta frequency band in the occipital ($O_1/O_2$) area. Monopolar intrahemispheric coherences of alpha frequency bands in left hemispheric areas ($T_3/T_5$, $C_3/P_3$ & $F_3/O_1$) decreased. Decrease of monopolar interhemispheric asymmetry of delta frequency band in the occipital ($O_1/O_2$) area was also noted. The monopolar absolute powers of beta frequency bands decreased in occipital ($O_2,\;O_z$) areas. Conclusion: Decreases in coherences of narcoleptic patients compared with normal controls may indicate fewer posterior neocortical interhemispheric neuronal connections, and fewer left intrahemispheric neuronal connections than normal controls in a wakeful state. Therefore, we suggest that abnormal neurophysiological sites of narcolepsy may involve complex areas such as neocortex and subcortex as well as the brainstem.