• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.280-286
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• 2007

The wearable sensor glove was developed using EDA sensors and conducting fabric. EDA(Electro-dermal Activity) signal is an electric response of human skin. There are SIL(Skin Impedance Level) and SIR(Skin Impedance Response) in EDA. SIL consists mostly of a DC component while SIR consists of an AC component. The relationship between drowsiness and the EDA signal is utilized. EDA sensors were made using a conducting fabric instead of AgCl electrodes, for a more suitable, more wearable device. The EDA signal acquisition module was made by connecting the EDA sensor gloves through conductive fabric lines. Also, the EDA signal acquisition module can be connected to a PC that shows the results of the EDA signal processing analysis and gives proper feedback to the user. This system can be used in various applications to detect drowsiness and prevent accidents from drowsiness for automobile drivers.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.242-248
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• 2022

The effect of ethylenediamine (EDA) on the reaction of luminol or Bluestar with blood and bleaches was studied. For this purpose, blood, chlorine bleach, and oxygen bleach were applied to filter paper, treated with EDA-containing luminol or Bluestar, and the changes in chemiluminescence intensity were observed. It was found that the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol (or Bluestar)-blood reaction did not change with the increasing concentration of EDA. However, the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol (or Bluestar)-chlorine bleach reaction decreased and the chemiluminescence intensity of the luminol (or Bluestar)-oxygen bleach reaction increased, with increasing EDA concentration. Thus, it was found that when EDA was added to luminol (or Bluestar), which is a blood-sensitive reagent, EDA suppressed the false-positive reaction induced by chlorine bleach and induced a false-positive reaction with oxygen bleach. Consequently, the addition of EDA is not recommended for enhancing bloodstains with luminol or Bluestar.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4B
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• pp.319-328
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• 2009

This study quantified the data by applying the EDA techniques considering the data structure, and the results were then used for the frequency analysis. Although traditional methods based on the method of moments provide very sensitive statistics to the extreme values, the EDA techniques have an advantage of providing very stable statistics with their small variation. For the application of the EDA techniques to the frequency analysis, it is necessary to normalization transform and inverse-transform to conserve the skewness of the raw data. That is, it is necessary to transform the raw data to make the data follow the normal distribution, to estimate the statistics by applying the EDA techniques, and then finally to inverse-transform the statistics of transformed data. These statistics decided are then applied for the frequency analysis with a given probability density function. This study analyzed the annual maxima one hour rainfall data at Seoul and Pohang stations. As a result, it was found that more stable rainfall quantiles, which were also less sensitive to extreme values, could be estimated by applying the EDA techniques. This methodology may be effectively used for the frequency analysis of rainfall at stations with especially high annual variations of rainfall due to climate change, etc.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2008

In this study, ionotropic gelation method was used for the preparation of ibuprofen-loaded calcium alginate (CALG) and ethylenediamine (EDA) treated calcium alginate (EDA-CALG) microspheres. The effect of EDA-treatment on drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, morphology, swelling behavior and in vitro release characteristics of the microspheres was investigated by varying its concentration from 0.5 to 2% (v/v). The reduction in drug entrapment efficiency by a maximum of 44.60% was noted for EDA-CALG microspheres compared to untreated CALG microspheres. The particle size and swelling index of EDA-CALG microspheres were reduced with increasing EDA concentration. All the microspheres were observed to retain their spherical shapes with rough surfaces. EDA-CALG microspheres prepared using 1% and 2% v/v EDA, released almost all of its content within 7 h in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, however, CALG microspheres were found to release the same within 3 h. The intensity of melting endothermic peak of ibuprofen reduced significantly at lower drug load as experienced from DSC thermograms. The FT-IR spectrum of pure ibuprofen, ibuprofen-loaded CALG and EDA-CALG microspheres showed the characteristic band of C = O stretching vibration of ibuprofen. Hence, this study revealed that EDA can be employed for the preparation of ibuprofen-loaded CALG microspheres to retard the drug release to some extent.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

A system for measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal occurring at the sweat glands in the left palm and left finger of the human body was implemented in this study. The EDA measurement system (EDAMS) consisted of an algometer, a biopotential measurement system (BPMS), and a PC. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the function and clinical applicability of EDAMS. First, an experiment was carried out on the linearity of the voltage and the pressure that comprised the output signals of the algometer used for applying a pressure stimulus. Second, the amplitude of the EDA signal acquired from the electrode attached to the left palm or finger was measured while increasing the pressure stimulus of the algometer. When the pressure stimulus of the algometer applied to the left scapula was increased, the amplitude of the EDA signal increased. The amplitude of the EDA signal at the left palm was observed to be greater than that at the left finger. The amplitude of the EDA signal was observed to increase in a relatively linear relation with the intensity of the pressure stimuli. In addition, the latency of the EDA signal acquired from the electrode attached to the left palm or finger was measured while increasing the pressure stimulus of the algometer. When the pressure stimulus of the algometer applied to the left scapula was increased, the latency of the EDA signal decreased. The latency of the EDA signal at the palm was observed to be less than that at the finger. The latency of the EDA signal was observed to decrease nonlinearly with the pressure stimuli.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.1137-1145
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• 2016

The system for measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal occurring at the sweet glands in the human body was implemented in this study. The EDA measurement system (EDAMS) consisted of an algometer and the bio-potential measurement system (BPMS). Three experiments were performed using EDAMS. First, the linearity of the output voltage corresponding to the pressure being applied to an algometer was evaluated. The linearity of output voltage according to the pressure was 0.956. Second, the amplitude and the latency of the EDA signal at the left palm was obtained while applying the pressure stimuli to the left and right scapula. The latency of EDA signal was shorter whereas the amplitude of EDA signal was higher when the pressure applied was applied to the left scapula. Third, the amplitude and latency of the EDA was measured at left and right palm while increasing the pressure stimuli to the left scapula. The latency of EDA signal at left and right palm was decreased according to the intensity of pressure stimulus applied to the left scapula. However, the latency of the EDA signals did not show the linearity with respect to the pressure stimuli.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.873-879
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• 2011

Adsorption experiment of carbon dioxide was performed on MCM41 silica impregnated with two kinds of EDA(ethylenediamine) and MEA(monoethanolamine). The prepared adsorbents were characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. The $CO_2$ capture study was investigated in a U type packed column with GC/TCD. The results of XRD for MCM-41 and amine-impregnated MCM41 showed typical the hexagonal pore system. BET results showed the MCM 41 impregnated amine to have a surface area of 141 $m^2/g$ to 595 $m^2/g$ and FT-IR revealed a N-H functional group at about 1400$cm^{-1}$ to 1600$cm^{-1}$. The $CO_2$ adsorption capacity on EDA and MEA was as follow: MCM41-EDA30 > MCM41 -EDA40 >MCM41-EDA20 >MCM-EDA10 and MCM41-MEA40 >MCM41-MEA30 > MCM41-MEA20> MCM41-MEA10. The MCM41-EDA30 showed the highest adsorption capacity due to physical adsorption and chemical adsorption by amino-group content. The results suggest that mesoporous media with EDA is effective adsorbent for $CO_2$ capture from flue gases.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.162-171
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• 2021

Dry etching of copper thin films is performed using high density plasma of ethylenediamine (EDA)/hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)/Ar gas mixture. The etch rates, etch selectivities and etch profiles of the copper thin films are improved by adding HFIP to EDA/Ar gas. As the EDA/HFIP concentration in EDA/HFIP/Ar increases, the etch rate of copper thin films decreases, whereas the etch profile is improved. In the EDA/HFIP/Ar gas mixture, the optimal ratio of EDA to HFIP is investigated. In addition, the etch parameters including ICP source power, dc-bias voltage, process pressure are varied to examine the etch characteristics. Optical emission spectroscopy results show that among all species, [CH], [CN] and [H] are the main species in the EDA/HFIP/Ar plasma. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate the formation of CuCN compound and C-N-H-containing polymers during the etching process, leading to a good etch profile. Finally, anisotropic etch profiles of the copper thin films patterned with 150 nm scale are obtained in EDA/HFIP/Ar gas mixture.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

To determine the effect of chain length and chemical structure of linear amine curing agents on thermal and mechanical properties, a standard bifunctional linear DGEBF epoxy resin was cured with EDA and HMDA having amine group at the both ends of main chain in a stoichiometrically equivalent ratio in condition of preliminary and post cure. From this work, the effect of linear amine curing agents on the thermal and mechanical properties is significantly influenced by numbers of carbon atoms of main chain. In contrast, the results show that the DCEBF/EDA system having two carbons had higher values in the thermal stability, density, shrinkage (%), grass transition temperature, tensile modulus and strength, flexural modulus and strength than the DGEBF/HMDA system having six carbons, whereas the DGEBF/EDA cure system had relatively low values in maximum ekothermic temperature, maximum conversion of epoxide, thermal expansion coefficient than the DGEBF/HDMA cure system. These findings indicate that the packing capability (rigid property) in the EDA structure affects the thermal and mechanical properties predominantly. It shows that flexural fracture properties have a close relation to flexural modulus and strength.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2015

Edaravone (Eda) is a potent scavenger of inhibiting free radicals including hydroxyl radicals ($H_2O_2$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as $H_2O_2$ can alter most kinds of cellular molecules such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, cellular apoptosis. In addition, oxidative stress from over-production of ROS is involved in the defective embryo development of porcine. Previous study reported that Eda has protective effects against oxidative stress-like cellular damage. However, the effect of Eda on the preimplantation porcine embryos development under oxidative stress is unclear. Therefore, in this study, the effects of Eda on blastocyst development, expression levels of ROS, and apoptotic index were first investigated in preimplantation porcine embryos. After in vitro fertilization, porcine embryos were cultured for 6 days in PZM medium with Eda ($10{\mu}M$), $H_2O_2$ ($200{\mu}M$), and Eda+$H_2O_2$ treated group, respectively. Rate of blastocyst development was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Eda treated group compared with only $H_2O_2$ treated group. And, we measured intracellular levels of ROS by DCF-DA staining methods and investigated numbers of apoptotic nuclei by TUNEL assay analysis is in porcine blastocyst, respectively. Both intracellular ROS levels and the numbers of apoptotic nucleic were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in porcine blastocysts cultured with Eda ($10{\mu}M$). More over, the total cell number of blastocysts were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Eda-treated group compared with untreated group and the only $H_2O_2$ treated group. Based on the results, Eda was related to regulate as antioxidant-like function according to the reducing ROS levels during preimplantation periods. Also, Eda is beneficial for developmental competence and preimplantation quality of porcine embryos. Therefore, we concluded that Eda has protective effect to ROS derived apoptotic stress in preimplantation porcine embryos.